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Biomedical subjects

E B Smith

Publications and source records attributed to E B Smith.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Immunity and skin cancer.

Observations in humans and animal studies support the theory that immunologic surveillance plays an important role in limiting the development of skin malignancies. These immune responses undergo progressive diminution with age. In addition, other factors, such as bereavement, poor nutrition, and acute and chronic exposure to ultraviolet light, can further diminish immune mechanisms. We believe these decreases in immune function in combination with the carcinogenic effect of ultraviolet light are important in the production of skin cancers.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Separation of newborn rat epidermal cells on discontinuous isokinetic gradients of PERCOLL.

A one-step procedure has been developed for the separation of epidermal cells using PERCOLL (a new colloidal silica medium of low viscosity, osmolarity, and toxicity) for density gradient centrifugation. Newborn rat epidermal cells were dispersed with trypsin-EDTA and separated into 4 fractions in discontinuous isokinetic gradients. The cell fractions were characterized by their appearance in photomicrographs and their distribution by number and size. Preferential incorporation of 3H-thymidine and 14C-glycine, by basal and granular cells respectively, confirmed the identification of cell types. The basal cells, which were collected in the densest fraction (1.090), were the most homogeneous population with a mean diameter between 7-8 mum and showed 98% viability. The granular cells predominated in the least dense fraction (1.023). The intermediate fractions contained spinous cells admixed with the other cell types.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Laboratory alert: clues to the identification of dermatophytes as the etiologic agents of subcutaneous abscesses.

Trichophyton mentagrophytes was isolated on blood agar and in thioglycollate broth after prolonged incubations of four and seven days, respectively, of a routine bacterial culture taken from a subcutaneous abscess on the inner thigh of a 24 year old woman. The lesions had been present on both thighs for six months before correct diagnosis and treatment. Attention is called to the importance of clinical history to the alert microbiologist in determining the correct diagnosis of such lesions when the original bacterial culture reveals no growth after 48 hours.

Abscess↗
PubMed1981

Melanoma.

Melanoma most often occurs on the leg in women and on the head or neck in men. The appearance of the lesion should suggest the diagnosis, but pathologic examination and classification based on depth of skin penetration are essential for optimal therapy. Wide surgical excision should be followed by lymph node dissection, chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy depending on classification.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Perforation of the gallbladder: a clinical study.

An analysis of 3,260 admissions to St. Francis General Hospital during a 20-year period for acute and chronic cholecystitis and two traumatic gallbladder perforations revealed 115 cases for an incidence of 3.5 percent. The most common gallbladder perforation in this series was localized perforation with abscess formation in 72 patients (63 percent). Other perforations were fistulization to another hollow viscus, or to the skin, 32 (27.5 percent), and free perforation, 11 (9.5 percent) into the peritoneal cavity.Nineteen or 46 percent of 41 postoperative complications were related to bacterial infections. In spite of a complication rate of 32 percent, the mortality was zero.Of 115 cases categorized as perforated gallbladder, 63 percent were localized with abscess formation, and 9.5 and 27.5 percent, respectively, were classified as free and as fistulization. Mortality was zero; however, morbidity was 32 percent. The significant complications were related to infection, ie, wound, urologic, subphrenic, and pulmonary and leg vein. Early operation is indicated for acute cholecystitis after rapid preoperative perforation.

Cholecystitis↗
PubMed1980

The effect of delipidated high density lipoprotein on human leukocyte sterol synthesis.

Sterol synthesis is increased when whole human serum is added to leukocytes in buffer. Addition to the buffer of an equivalent amount of serum from which lipid has been extracted by organic solvent leads to a greater increase in synthesis. The addition of whole high density lipoprotein to buffer has little effect on sterol synthesis whereas addition of delipidated high density lipoprotein stimulates sterol synthesis. Delipidated high density lipoprotein may be responsible for the stimulation of sterol synthesis by delipidated serum.

Apoproteins↗
PubMed1980

Distribution of plasma proteins across the human aortic wall--barrier functions of endothelium and internal elastic lamina.

The concentrations of plasma proteins of different molecular weights were measured in layers across the human aortic wall. On a volumetric basis the concentration of low density lipoprotein (LDL) in inner intima, adjacent to the endothelium, was almost twice the concentration in the patient's plasma. With the exception of transferrin, which behaved anomalously, the concentration of each protein was a linear function of is plasma concentration and molecular weight, so that the relative retention of albumin was only 15% of LDL retention and its concentration in inner intima less than one-quarter of the plasma concentration. Between the inner (luminal) and outer layers of intima the concentration of all proteins decreased by about 40%. In aortas in which the internal elastic lamina (IEL) appeared to be intact it provided an almost total barrier to LDL, but for smaller proteins the concentrations in the layer immediately outside it were inversely related to molecular weight; the concentration of LDL was only 0.3% of the intimal concentration whereas albumin was 26% of the intimal concentration. However, in aortas in which the IEL appeared morphologically frayed, fragmented or discontinuous there was an 80% increase in albumin, and a 25-fold increase in LDL in this layer. The differential barrier functions of endothelium and IEL produce bizarrely different macromolecular environments for smooth muscle cells in intima and media.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The detection of gas bubbles in guinea-pigs after decompression from air saturation dives using ultrasonic imaging.

1. Bubble formation in the hind limb of anaesthetized guinea-pigs, after decompression from two different saturation exposures to air, 0.69 and 0.83 MPa gauge, has been studied using an ultrasonic pulse--echo imaging technique. 2. A qualitative analysis of the bubble formation, observed over a 30 min period after decompression, showed that profuse, largely stationary bubble formation occurred within 3 min of the decompression from 0.83 MPa gauge but that extensive stationary bubble formation was not observed until 17 min after decompression from 0.69 MPa gauge. Electrocardiogram changes appeared coincidently with the appearance of major bubble formation after the 0.83 MPa decompression but after the 0.69 MPa decompression changes were not observed until the end of the 30 min surveillance period, considerably later than the occurrence of a large number of bubbles. 3. A quantitative analysis of the echo patterns recorded during the 60 sec decompression and for 60 sec after the decompression demonstrated that the increase in severity of the decompression corresponded to an increase of 152% in the number of bubbles observed. The echoes observed during this period have been identified as either transient or persistent and their distribution of size, location and times of appearance and duration have been described. 4. From the quantitative analysis approximate estimates of the contribution by mobile, intravascular gas bubbles to the elimination of the excess gas have been made. These estimates range from 0.01 to 0.9% after the 0.69 MPa decompression and from 0.06 to 6% after the 0.83 MPa decompression. 5. It is concluded that the pulse--echo ultrasonic imaging technique provides a powerful means of analysing the distributions of bubble formation, both qualitatively and quantitatively, after decompression; it has the important attribute of being able to monitor both moving and stationary bubbles simultaneously in a variety of tissue types.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Coronary heart disease in North-East Scotland a study of genetic and environmental variation in serum lipoproteins and other variables.

1. Serum lipoprotein concentrations and other variables such as relative weight, skinfold thickness, blood pressure, serum glucose, uric acid, fibrinogen smoking habits, etc. have been recorded on about 700 persons, including about 200 survivors of myocardial infarction under age 50 years, 250 of their relatives and 250 unrelated controls. 2. Elevated levels of VLDL and LDL are several times more frequent in survivors of infarction than in controls. 3. Cigarette smoking is associated with 20 to 30 per cent increase in VLDL. 4. Relative weight and skinfold thickness together account for a quarter of the variance of VLDL in men, 9 per cent in women. 5. LDL and HDL are uncorrelated; there is a low, consistently negative correlation between HDL and VLDL and IDL. 6. Parent-offspring regression and sib correlations indicate high, intermediate and low heritability for respectively HDL, LDL and VLDL. First degree relatives of survivors of infarction have levels of VLDL, IDL and LDL but not HDL.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

HDL - should we be 'chasing' it now?

Although 'within defined population groups the association of low HDL level with increased coronary risk seems to be established', the author concludes 'The inverse relation between plasma HDL level and risk of CHD remains a phenomenon that we cannot explain in scientific terms'.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Benzoyl peroxide lotion (20 percent) in acne.

A double-blind, controlled study was performed to determine the effectiveness of 20 percent benzoyl peroxide lotion in the mangement of mild to moderate acne vulgaris. The results of our study have shown that this new, higher concentration formulation of benzoyl peroxide is effective in reducing the lesions of acne and is relatively nonirritating.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1980

Gastric malingnancies: a clinicopathological analysis.

The incidence of gastric cancer continues to decline in the United States regardless of individual color, ethnic background, or socioeconomic level.(1,2) This significant medical happening has become unequivocally evident during the past 20 years and the reasons are primarily conjectural. Nutritional aspects are highly important in the diminishing prevalence of gastric cancer.(3)

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Diminished immune response in sun-damaged skin.

In previously sensitized volunteers, higher concentrations of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene were necessary to elicit positive patch test reactions on the sun-damaged skin of the neck than on the protected skin of the upper part of the back. This difference was not found in subjects without evidence of sun damage, and there was no difference between sun-damaged and nondamaged skin in response to a primary irritant. Responses to intradermally injected common antigens were also less intense in sun-damaged skin that in nonexposed skin. These findings suggest the existence of a local defect in cell-mediated immunity in skin altered by long-term sun exposure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Effectiveness of the closed method utilizing iodophors in the degermination of hands and arms of the surgical team and operative sites.

A closed method utilizing the E-Z Prep Tray and the E-Z Scrub with iodophors is an effective means of degerming the hands and arms of surgical team members and the patients' operative sites. Fifty unselected surgical cases were evaluated bacteriologically, pre-preparation, post-preparation, and post-operatively. The data indicated that bacterial colony counts decreased, and the postoperative wound infection rate decreased to two percent.

Adolescent↗