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Biomedical subjects

E B Smith

Publications and source records attributed to E B Smith.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Variability of the electrophoretic mobility of low density lipoprotein. Comparison of interstitial fluid from human aortic intima and serum.

Interstitial fluid was collected from human aortic intima and the low density lipoprotein (LDL) was compared with serum LDL by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis. In half the samples derived from normal intima the migration rate was within +/- 10% of migration of LDL in serum, but in the remaining samples it was higher, indicating an increase in net negative charge on the molecule. By contrast, in most samples of interstitial fluid from gelatinous thickenings the migration rate of LDL was lower than in serum, indicating reduction in net negative charge. To test for the effect of different electrolyte concentrations in interstitial fluid and serum, migration of alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2-M) was measured simultaneously in both. This showed no significant difference between interstitial fluid and serum, and varied by less than 2% between different serum samples. However, the mobility of LDL relative to alpha 2-M showed a remarkable variation, ranging from 80.9 to 127.1% of alpha 2-M mobility in interstitial fluid and from 58.6 to 115.9% in 23 serum samples. In serum, LDL relative mobility showed no correlation with general acid-base status, as indicated by serum bicarbonate levels, with fatty meals or diabetic keto-acidosis, or with extent of glycosylation of haemoglobin. This suggested that the variation in surface charge is intrinsic to the molecule and not a transient reflection of the plasma environment. Experimental alterations in the surface charge of LDL change its interaction with smooth muscle cells and macrophages in vitro, and its mitogenic properties. This raises the possibility that physiological variation in the surface charge of LDL in different subjects could alter its atherogenic potential.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Spreading pigmented actinic keratosis.

We present four cases of spreading pigmented actinic keratoses, an only recently described pigmented lesion of sun-exposed areas, in which the histologic appearance is that of actinic keratosis with the additional feature of excessive melanin deposition in the lower epidermis and in the upper dermis. Clinically, it is a brown patch or plaque with a smooth surface, usually larger than 1 cm, that tends to spread centrifugally. Clinical differential diagnoses include seborrheic keratosis, melanocytic nevus, senile lentigo, lentigo maligna, and lentigo maligna melanoma. This pigmented lesion is probably much more common than the existing literature would indicate.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Mononuclear leukocyte beta 2-adrenergic receptors and adenylate cyclase sensitivity in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) have been found to have a heightened hyperglycemic response to epinephrine. To determine if patients with IDDM have increased sensitivity of cellular beta 2-adrenergic receptor-effector systems, we assessed beta 2-adrenergic receptors and adenylate cyclase sensitivities to isoproterenol in partially purified mononuclear leukocyte (MNL) plasma membranes from 10 patients with IDDM (without adrenergic neuropathy) and 10 matched nondiabetic controls. MNL beta 2-adrenergic receptor densities (Bmax = 48 +/- 8 fmol [3H] DHA/mg protein in IDDM, 44 +/- 3 fmol [3H] DHA/mg protein in controls) and binding affinities (apparent KD = 0.3 +/- 0.07 nM in IDDM, 0.3 +/- 0.04 nM in controls) did not differ. Further, MNL adenylate cyclase activities were not significantly different either at baseline (325 +/- 86 pmol/mg protein/15 min in IDDM, 275 +/- 49 pmol/mg protein/15 min in controls) or in response to isoproterenol (842 +/- 229 pmol/mg protein/15 min in IDDM, 608 +/- 86 pmol/mg protein/15 min in controls). Thus, the data do not support the presence of a generalized alteration of beta-adrenergic receptors or adenylate cyclase sensitivity in IDDM. To the extent that MNL beta 2-adrenergic receptors and adenylate cyclase activities reflect those of extravascular catecholamine target cells, these findings suggest that the heightened hyperglycemic response to epinephrine exhibited by patients with IDDM is not due to increased sensitivity of cellular beta 2-adrenergic receptor-effector systems and is best attributed to the altered hormonal milieu of the insulin-deficient state.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1983

Synchronous cancers of the gastrointestinal tract: results, diagnosis, and treatment.

During the period of January 1, 1957 to January 1, 1982, complete inpatient and outpatient records of 62 cases of synchronous cancers of the gastrointestinal tract were submitted for a retrospective analysis. The total number of gastrointestinal cancer cases from the Saint Francis General Hospital and two affiliating hospitals was 1,550 with a resultant synchronous cancer incidence of 4 percent. In this small series of 62 cases, the operability rate was 100 percent, with a resectability rate of 96 percent. The surgical morbidity and mortality rates were 12 percent and 3.2 percent, respectively.The most frequent clinical manifestations were pain, borborygmi, nausea, vomiting, food intolerance, dysphagia, hematemesis, rectal bleeding, and weight loss.The five and ten year survival in the synchronous group was 82 percent and 64 percent, respectively, as compared with 36.1 percent and 27.8 percent for the single malignant group.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Treatment of nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic disease: results of methotrexate alone versus methotrexate--folinic acid.

Two treatment regimens for nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic disease are compared in this retrospective study. The course of 39 patients with nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic disease treated with methotrexate alone is contrasted to that of 29 patients with nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic disease who were treated with methotrexate alternated with folinic acid. Of those patients initially treated with methotrexate alone, 7.7% developed methotrexate-resistant disease and required a change in chemotherapy for induction of remission. In contrast, 27.5% of patients initially treated with methotrexate and folinic acid developed methotrexate-resistant disease and required a change in chemotherapy to achieve remission. Ultimately, remission was achieved in all patients. Methotrexate as single-agent chemotherapy was found to be consistently more toxic than methotrexate alternated with folinic acid. It is concluded that methotrexate with folinic acid at the dosage used in this study, while less toxic than methotrexate alone, is less effective than methotrexate alone in the induction of remission of nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic disease.

Choriocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Noninvasive measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in swine.

Arterial blood pressure was measured noninvasively using Doppler ultrasound and an occluding cuff. The subjects were 28 domestic pigs (10-49 kg) anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (25 mg/kg). Indirect pressure measurements were made with the Doppler unit placed over the radial or the ulnar artery proximal to the carpal joint. Comparison was made with directly measured pressure to determine the reliability and reproducibility of the indirect method. Direct systolic pressures between 73 and 230 mmHg and diastolic pressures between 52 and 165 mmHg were measured. There was no significant difference between directly and indirectly measured systolic pressure (P greater than 0.20). Indirectly measured diastolic pressure tended to be lower than direct diastolic pressure, the difference by the paired t test being significant to P = 0.06. For systolic pressure the sample correlation coefficient was 0.94, and for diastolic pressure, 0.88. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure can be accurately measured in the anesthetized pig using Doppler ultrasound and an occluding cuff.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of topical erythromycin 1.5 percent solution versus topical clindamycin phosphate 1.0 percent solution in the treatment of acne vulgaris.

Commercial topical solutions of erythromycin 1.5 percent and clindamycin phosphate 1.0 percent were evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, twelve-week comparison in sixty-six patients with moderate acne. Both treatment groups showed significant reductions of total lesions, inflammatory lesions, and papules. Additionally, the group using erythromycin 1.5 percent showed significant decreases in total noninflammatory lesions and closed comedones, and the group using clindamycin phosphate 1.0 percent showed significant reductions in pustules. The only statistically significant differences between the treatments were the greater reductions in closed comedones for those patients using erythromycin 1.5 percent and greater reductions in pustules for those patients using clindamycin 1.0 percent. Nearly two thirds of the patients in each group had a good or excellent overall response after twelve weeks. One erythromycin-treated patient discontinued treatment because his wife became sensitized to it. This reportedly also occurred with the use of topical clindamycin. Other side effects were minor or transient. In this study, topical erythromycin 1.5 percent and clindamycin 1.0 percent appeared to be clinically equivalent for treating moderate facial acne.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1982

The physical urticarias. An update and review.

The physical urticarias represent a unique subgroup of chronic urticarias. Investigators from the dermatology, allergy, immunology, pharmacology, and other fields are challenged by these experimentally reproducible forms of urticaria. Clinicians are excited by these diagnosable entities among the sometimes frustrating chronic urticarias. This review is an attempt to update the reader, in a categoric manner, on the physical urticarias. The following format will be used to review each of the physical urticarias--clinical features, diagnostic tests, pathomechanism, course, and therapy.

Histamine Antagonists↗
PubMed1982

Iatrogenic injuries to extrahepatic ducts and associated vessels: a twenty-five-year analysis.

From 1966 to 1981, there were 4,425 cholecystectomies at Saint Francis General Hospital and affiliated hospitals with a resultant iatrogenic injury rate of 6.3 percent. There were 279 intraoperative surgical accidents which involved injuries to the extrahepatic veins, arteries, and ducts. In addition, there were postoperative subdiaphragmatic collections of serum, bile, and/or blood. The mortality rate for these 279 injuries was zero but the morbidity was 32 percent. The ultimate success of the intraoperative phase of cholecystectomy depends upon the knowledge and experience of the surgeon, adequate lighting, retraction, and satisfactory anesthesia.

Arteries↗
PubMed1981

Haemostatic factors in human aortic intima.

Accumulation of lipid in developing fibrous atherosclerotic plaques is associated with high concentrations of fibrin and accumulation of a tightly bound lipoprotein fraction that can be released by incubation with fibrinolytic enzymes, suggesting that fibrin may play a key role in lesion development. It is not known whether this fibrin represents incorporated mural thrombus or is produced in situ by clotting of the fibrinogen that is present in intima in high concentration. Immunoelectrophoresis was used to measure the concentrations of fibrinogen and components of the clotting system in human aortic intima and lesions, and in mural thrombi. In the lipid and fibrin rich plaque centres prothrombin concentration was almost twice that in normal intima, but concentrations of the thrombin inhibitors antithrombin III and alpha 2-macroglobulin fell, so that the molar ratios of inhibitor/prothrombin fell from 3:1 in normal intima to 1:1 in the plaque centre. In mural thrombi there was preferential sequestration of fibrinogen-like antigen and prothrombin. Distribution of factor-VIII-related antigen was highly unpredictable; in both normal intima and all types of intimal lesion substantial amounts were recovered from some samples, whereas none was recovered from others. The highest concentrations were found in samples free of endothelium from the deep layers of lesions. The results are compatible with the idea that fibrinogen may be converted to fibrin within lesions; once some fibrin has accumulated within the intima it seems to bind low-density lipoprotein and sequester fibrinogen and clotting factors, thereby producing a self-amplifying system.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Cutaneous cysticercosis treated with metrifonate.

Cutaneous cysticercosis in humans is an uncommon parasitic infestation. When few nodules are present, surgical excision is effective therapy. For multiple nodules, diverse forms of treatment have been employed. We describe herein a patient with myriad nodules of cysticercosis who showed dramatic improvement after two six-day courses of metrifonate (an organophosphorous compound) administered one month apart. These encouraging results could be of help to other patients, especially those with CNS involvement, although the use of this compound is not without risk.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

The activity of interferon on ultraviolet light-induced squamous cell carcinomas in mice.

The activity of interferons was tested in ultraviolet light-induced skin tumors in mice. After the tumors were well established, they were injected and measured daily for 19 days. Mouse virus type (IF-alpha + IF-beta) and immune (IF-gamma) interferons were injected intralesionally into three groups of test animals and compared with a fourth group which received mock interferon (control). When used separately, virus type and immune interferons did not affect tumor growth; however, we observed regression in tumor size when the two interferons were used in combination.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Sunburn.

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Humans↗