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Biomedical subjects

E B Lane

Publications and source records attributed to E B Lane.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Intermediate filaments in the Xenopus oocyte: the appearance and distribution of cytokeratin-containing filaments.

Cytokeratins have previously been shown to exist in the Xenopus oocyte cortex. Using three monoclonal antibodies against cytokeratins, we follow the appearance of cytokeratin-containing filaments, and their changes in distribution during oocyte differentiation and maturation. Cytokeratin-containing filaments are shown to change dramatically in distribution in the oocyte during its ontogeny.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Morphology, behavior, and interaction of cultured epithelial cells after the antibody-induced disruption of keratin filament organization.

The organization of intermediate filaments in cultured epithelial cells was rapidly and radically affected by intracellularly injected monoclonal antikeratin filament antibodies. Different antibodies had different effects, ranging from an apparent splaying apart of keratin filament bundles to the complete disruption of the keratin filament network. Antibodies were detectable within cells for more than four days after injection. The antibody-induced disruption of keratin filament organization had no light-microscopically discernible effect on microfilament or microtubule organization, cellular morphology, mitosis, the integrity of epithelial sheets, mitotic rate, or cellular reintegration after mitosis. Cell-to-cell adhesion junctions survived keratin filament disruption. However, antibody injected into a keratinocyte-derived cell line, rich in desmosomes, brought on a superfasciculation of keratin filament bundles, which appeared to pull desmosomal junctions together, suggesting that desmosomes can move in the plane of the plasma membrane and may only be 'fixed' by their anchoring to the cytoplasmic filament network. Our observations suggest that keratin filaments are not involved in the establishment or maintenance of cell shape in cultured cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Cervical wart virus infection, intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma; an immunohistological study using a panel of monoclonal antibodies.

The pattern of epithelial antigen expression has been examined in normal and disordered cervical squamous epithelium using immunohistological methods and a range of monoclonal antibodies. It was demonstrated that wart virus infection (WVI) is associated with disordered staining for a keratin-associated component and for HLA-DR antigen. Furthermore, wart-infected epithelium shows strong labelling for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and for human milk fat globule antigens 1 and 2 (HMFG1 and 2). In addition these antigens (CEA, HMFG1 and 2) are also expressed in mixed WVI and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), CIN III and in carcinoma. While these findings do not allow immunohistological discrimination between non-neoplastic and neoplastic cervical epithelia, they do provide support for the view that cellular proliferation of the type induced by papilloma virus may represent an initiator stage in the process of neoplastic transformation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Disruption of the keratin filament network during epithelial cell division.

The behaviour of keratin filaments during cell division was examined in a wide range of epithelial lines from several species. Almost half of them show keratin disruption as described previously: by immunofluorescence, filaments are replaced during mitosis by a 'speckled' pattern of discrete cytoplasmic dots. In the electron microscope these ' speckles ' are seen as granules around the cell periphery, just below the actin cortical mesh, with no detectable 10 nm filament structure inside them and no keratin filament bundles in the rest of the cytoplasm. A time course of the filament reorganization was constructed from double immunofluorescence data; filaments are disrupted in prophase, and the filament network is intact again by cytokinesis. The phenomenon is restricted to cells rich in keratin filaments, such as keratinocytes; it is unrelated to the co-existence of vimentin in many of these cells, and vimentin is generally maintained as filaments while the keratin is restructured. Some resistance to the effect may be conferred by an extended cycle time. Filament reorganization takes place within minutes, so that a reversible mechanism seems more likely than one involving de novo protein synthesis, at this metabolically quiet stage of the cell cycle.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effects of SV40 transformation on the cytoskeleton and behavioural properties of human keratinocytes.

A cloned cell line (SVK14) with apparently unlimited growth potential was isolated from simian virus 40 (SV40)-infected human foreskin keratinocytes which did not appear to pass through any obvious 'crisis' (Girardi et al., J. Cell. Comp. Physiol., 1965, 65, 69-84). Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy showed that the transformed cells have the SV40 large T antigen in their nuclei and stain positively with LE61, a monoclonal antibody that reacts with a tonofilament determinant normally only found in non-keratinizing simple epithelia. SVK14 cells can be grown in the absence of 3T3 feeders and show an impaired ability to differentiate into squames, and this impairment becomes more marked with passage. At later passages the cells acquire the ability to form colonies in agar and to produce a factor with mitogenic activity which stimulates DNA synthesis in quiescent 3T3 cells. Concomitantly, the SVK14 cells become less sensitive to the growth inhibitory effect of human alpha interferons.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1982

Monoclonal antibodies provide specific intramolecular markers for the study of epithelial tonofilament organization.

The tonofilament-associated protein antigens recognized in epithelial cells by a group of six monoclonal antibodies have been studied by immunofluorescence and gel immunoautoradiography. The monoclonal antibodies were generated against detergent insoluble cytoskeleton extracts from a cultured simple epithelium derived cell line, Ptk1 cells. They show various tissue specificities, and while they all recognize components at the low end of the molecular weight range for intermediate filament proteins, they confirm that single antibody species can react with multiple polypeptides of different molecular weights in the tonofilament complex. The monoclonal antibodies described here demonstrate the presence of a simple epithelium antigenic determinant associated with intermediate filaments that is not detectable in the specialized cells of squamous and keratinizing epithelia but can reappear in such cells after transformation.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Use of monoclonal antibodies for the histopathological diagnosis of human malignancy.

This paper describes the use of a panel of seven monoclonal antibodies (selected so as to include reagents reactive with both epithelial and lymphoid cells) for distinguishing between anaplastic carcinoma and high grade lymphoma. Details are given of the immunohistological reactions of these antibodies against a wide range of both normal and malignant tissues and of a number of practical instances in which use of the antibody panel enabled a diagnosis to be made when routine histological examination had been inconclusive.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Establishment and characterization of SV40-transformed human breast epithelial cell lines.

Human breast epithelial cells cultured from milk have been transformed with SV40. Indirect immunofluorescence tests using monoclonal antibodies show that cells from clones grown in soft agar have SV40 large T-antigen in their nuclei and epithelia-specific tonofilament antigens on their intermediate filaments. In primary cultures of milk epithelial cells, the tonofilaments form a characteristic delicate basketwork throughout the cytoplasm, but in the SV40-transformed epithelial cell strains, the filament network is grossly distorted. Insulin, hydrocortisone, and serum stimulate the growth of the cell strains. At passages 8 to 11, the cell strains become quiescent and usually die. One cell strain survived this crisis period and gave rise to the fR series of cell lines. Most cell lines have a cuboidal morphology and react with a monoclonal antibody that recognizes a differentiation antigen on the membranes of breast epithelia. Line fR2 expressed the highest level of this antigen whereas fR5, the only fR line isolated with fusiform morphology, had relatively little. The in vitro-transformed lines may be related to the two dominant epithelial cell types seen in primary milk cultures and could be useful for studying the relationship between transformation and differentiation in human mammary epithelial cells.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1981

The relationship of violence to alpha levels in a biofeedback training paradigm.

Evaluated alpha levels in a biofeedback training paradigm in groups of violent and nonviolent offenders and controls (N = 40). Mean alpha frequencies were higher for the offender group than for the controls, while alpha density (percent time) was lower. The violent subset demonstrated significantly higher frequencies than their nonviolent counterparts, but lower alpha densities and integrated amplitudes. In addition, the results clearly indicated that biofeedback training did not elevate significantly the levels of alpha production for any of the groups, above either the eyes open or the eyes closed baselines. The results of the between-groups comparisons were interpreted in terms of differences in cortical arousal as related to antisocial behaviors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Fine structure of Merkel cells in lampreys.

The structure of Merkel cells occurring in the epidermis of adult and larval stages of Lampetra spp. is described; it is comparable to that reported from the gnathostome classes. The cells bear microvilli, grouped on the distal and proximal aspects, and are associated with sparsely branching and varicose nerve fibres. One branch of the neurite bears a spur-like process which indents the proximal side of the Merkel cell. Most of the specific Merkel granules are situated in the vicinity of this neurite projection; the cell membrane adjacent to the tip of the spur process bears structures resembling presynaptic densities. Occasionally, desmosome-like junctions are found between the neurite and the Merkel cell.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Bar synapses in the end buds of lamprey skin.

The end buds of lamprey epidermis have been considered to be similar to taste buds, but the synapses on the receptor cells are of the type with a dense mass surrounded by lucent vesicles, which is not found in gustatory cells. It is suggested that the end buds may belong to the lateralis sensory system and be involved in the light sensitivity of lamprey skin.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

A rapid antibody assay system for screening hybridoma cultures.

A procedure for the rapid qualitative assay of large numbers of antibody samples is described which has been extensively used for primary screening of mouse spleen cell-myeloma hybrids making monoclonal antibodies. It is a handling modification of standard indirect immunofluorescence of immunoperoxidase techniques which involves in situ localisation of antigens in a fixed and dried monolayer of cells on plastic culture dishes. The method is quick and economical and does not depend on hazardous reagents or specialised detection equipment.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Post-fusion somatic incompatibility in plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum.

High-resolution autoradiography has been used to establish that during the incompatibility reaction that follows fusion between plasmodia of a 'killer' and a 'sensitive' strain of the myxomycete Physarum polycephalum, the nuclei of the sensitive strain are selectively damaged, enclosed in vacuoles and eliminated from the cytoplasm. This damage is visible as increased chromatin condensation and nucleolar segregation. Nuclear envelopes of both strains show blebbing, and there is an increase in the size and frequency of cytoplasmic vesicles of endoplasmic reticulum. Multiple nuclear fusions are seen between all combinations of genetically like and unlike types of nuclei throughout the course of the incompatibility reaction. After the reaction, mean nuclear diameters increase over 2-3 days to give nuclei an order of magnitude greater in volume than the controls; the population size range returns to normal in 4-5 days. Fusions between incompatible plasmodia carried out when the killer strain is at or very near to mitosis do not produce an immediate incompatibility reaction, but give plasmodia that are neutral and act as neither killers nor sensitives; these heterokaryons convert to killer phenotypes after a few days.

Cell Nucleolus↗
PubMed1977

On the occurrence of Merkel cells in the epidermis of teleost fishes.

The ultrastructure of a differentiated cell type in the epidermis of two species of teleost fish, Ictalurus melas and Phoxinus phoxinus, is described. This cell type has a synaptic association with nerve fibres, microvillus-like peripheral processes, and membrane-bounded inclusions, which together are the diagnostic features of the Merkel cells of tetrapod vertebrates. Other cytoplasmic features are shared with the epithelial cells. The appearance of the membrane-bounded granules depends on the fixative used; after fixation with glutaraldehyde the granules are of a size and electron-density comparable to that found in tetrapod Merkel cells, but after fixing in osmium tetroxide the granules are inconspicuous.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Women's ways of knowing in nursing and critical thinking.

The purpose of this longitudinal qualitative study was (1) to extend the work of Belenky, Clinchy, Goldberger, and Tarule by interviewing female university nursing students to determine their "way of knowing" according to the Women's Ways of Knowing (WWK) schema and (2) to determine what relationship this way of knowing might have with critical thinking when accumulating a specific body of knowledge such as nursing. Interviews were conducted with 21 sophomore nursing students. Fourteen were reinterviewed their junior year, and 10 were interviewed or participated in a focus group their senior year. The procedural knowledge categories of separate and connected knowing became the focus of data analysis through the constant comparative method. Procedures for connected knowing were illuminated. Connected knowing was found to be congruent with nursing and the ways these women wanted to be as nurses. Separate knowing was found to be incongruent with nursing except for critical thinking purposes. Contrary to the notion that critical thinking is principled rather than procedural, procedural knowing, according to WWK, became the principle on which these women based their nursing actions, moving them to constructed knowers and caring, critical thinkers as they experienced nursing education.

Adult↗