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Biomedical subjects

E Arnesen

Publications and source records attributed to E Arnesen.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Distribution of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol according to age, sex, and ethnic origin: cardiovascular disease study in Finnmark 1977.

As a part of a survey for cardiovascular risk factors high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was determined in 15 942 men and women aged 20-53. Women had on average 0.24 mmol/l higher HDL-C concentration than men. The difference was of the same magnitude at all ages. For both sexes HDL-C increased with age. The increase was partly influenced by other variables affecting the HDL-C concentration. After adjusting for the effect of height, weight, cigarette-smoking, physical activity in leisure time, and ethnic origin the age-related change was more pronounced, 0.13 mmol/l and 0.16 mmol/l difference between the youngest and the oldest age group for men and women respectively. The population comprised three ethnic groups. HDL-C did not differ among the women of different ethnic origin, but among men those of Lappish origin had higher HDL-C concentrations than the other groups. This difference was reduced after adjusting for other variables and was probably due more to external factors influencing the HDL-C concentration than specific ethnic-genetic traits.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Further characterization of human suppressor cells generated in mixed lymphocyte cultures.

Suppressor cells can be generated in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC). The studies reported here show that the cells responsible for suppression belong to relatively radioresistant T cells. Furthermore, to generate suppressor cells in MLC, the cells must be able to proliferate, while this is not necessary for expression of the suppressive capacity.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1979

Pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of muzolimine in cardiac failure.

The pharmacokinetics of a new "high ceiling" diuretic, muzolimine (Bay g 2821), were investigated after a single oral dose of 40 mg in 7 patients with cardiac failure (Stages I-IV, New York Heart Association classification), and in 2 healthy subjects. Plasma concentrations peaked 1-3 h after administration and declined according to a two-compartment model. The alpha-phase (distribution phase) lasted until 12-16 h after administration and the mean t 1/2 a was 3.6 h (range 2.3-4.7) in patients, and 2.6 h (range 2.3-2.9) in healthy subjects. The mean t 1/2 beta was 13.5 h (range 7.4-22.4) in the patients and 14.0 h (range 12.4-14.6) in healthy subjects. T 1/2 beta was not correlated with the degree of heart failure or with the area beneath the plasma concentration curve, which varied three-fold. The renal clearance of muzolimine was in the range 2.7-15.3 ml . min-1 in 5 subjects in whom it was investigated. The pharmacokinetics of muzolimine appear not to be significantly altered by cardiac failure. The prolonged half-lives of the drug are probably responsible for the longer duration of diuretic action reported for muzolimine than for furosemide and bumetamide.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Cell-mediated lymphocytotoxicity directed against HLA-D gene products.

Cytotoxic effector cells were generated in human mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLCs) between cell donors differing at the HLA-D/DR region but not at HLA-A,B(C). These cells killed Epstein-Barr virus-infected lymphoblasts (EBV blasts) from donors sharing the HLA-D/DR determinants with the normal MLC-stimulating cells, but not phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) lymphoblasts from the same donors. Because EBV blasts are derived from B cells and express HLA-D/DR antigens, the most likely interpretation of these findings is that the HLA-D/DR antigens may, by themselves, act as targets for cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

Cytotoxicity, Immunologic↗
PubMed1979

Development of sequence specific radioimmunoassay of human parathyroid hormone and its use in the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism.

Two antisera which were raised against bovine parathyroid hormone (bPTH), and which cross-reacted with the human hormone, have been characterized. The antisera which originated from rooster and guinea-pig, were found to contain several populations of antibodies directed against both N-terminal and C-terminal sequences of the hormone. However, at proper dilutions the rooster antiserum did not bind the N-terminal fragment nor could this fragment displace the [125I] bPTH (1--84 amino acid residue) from binding to the antiserum. Furthermore, preincubation experiments with excess N-terminal fragment showed only a negligible reduction in maximal binding of the iodinated intact hormone using the rooster antiserum. In contrast, the guinea-pig antiserum reacted equally well with the N-terminal fragment and the intact hormone, and preincubation with this fragment reduced the binding of the [125I]bPTH (1--84 amino acid residues) by 75%. Gel filtration of hyperparathyroid serum on Bio-Gel P-60 showed immunoreactive material which was measured with both antisera, eluting at a position similar to the intact hormone. However, in the C-terminal specific, but not in the N-terminal specific radioimmunoassay the major component eluted together with or somewhat earlier than the N-terminal bPTH fragment (1--34 amino acid residue), and this peak represented more than 90% of total immunoreactive PTH (iPTH) in serum. This major iPTH component must therefore represent fragment(s) with intact carboxy-terminal sequences. The N-terminal specific radioimmunoassay was unable to measure iPTH in about 80--90% of healthy individuals while the C-terminal specific assay detected iPTH in about 88% of these sera (equal to or above 0.1 micrograms/l). Similarly, the N-terminal specific antiserum measured consistently lower serum iPTH concentrations in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. In thirty-four out of forty-one patients with surgically verified primary hyperparathyroidism, serum iPTH concentrations equal to or above 0.60 micrograms/l were demonstrated using the C-terminal, specific radioimmunoassay.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Fluorometric determination of hydroflumethiazide in human plasma and urine after its oral administration.

A spectrofluorometric method for determination of hydroflumethiazide in human plasma and urine has been developed. The limit of detection was 10 ng/ml plasma and 100 ng/ml urine. The plasma concentration of hydroflumethiazide was determined for 9-11 hours and excretion in urine for 24-37 hrs after oral administration of about 1 mg/kg body weight to 7 subjects. Plasma half life in healthy subjects was 1.9-2.1 h, and 2.7-8.6 h in patients during the period 4-9 hrs after dosing. Cumulative excretion in urine was 67-79% of the dose during 31-37 hrs in 6 subjects; one patient with renal disease was found to excrete only 25.8% of dose during 24 hours. Renal clearance of hydroflumethiazide was higher in the healthy subjects (0.29-0.44 1 h-1 kg-1) than in the patients (0.040-0.15 1 h-1 kg-1). Plasma half life of hydroflumethiazide was not closely correlated with renal clearance of the drug, which suggests that other factors may play a role in determining plasma half life.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Malacoplakia in a renal transplant. Report of a case studied by light and electron microscopy.

A case of malacoplakia in a transplanted patient is reported. Several months after the operation typical lesions with numerous Michaelis-Gutmann bodies were found by biopsies from the urinary bladder and the renal transplant, the latter being ultimately destroyed by the process. Recurrent urinary infections with Escherichia coli might have contributed to the development of the process in combination with an altered macrophage function owing to the immunosuppressive regimen, which was considered mainly responsible for the progressive course of an otherwise benign inflammatory reaction. If malacoplakia occurs in a renal transplant and the renal function deteriorates despite adequate antibiotic therapy, transplantectomy should not be delayed.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Influence of blood transfusions on kidney transplant and uremic patient survival.

The influence of blood transfusions on kidney graft survival in 167 first cadaveric transplants and 85 first living related transplants is presented. Blood transfusions had no effect upon kidney graft survival in the patients transplanted with kidneys from living related donors. A significantly better graft survival was observed in the transfused group of patients transplanted with cadaveric kidneys. This beneficial effect was most pronounced in men. When patient survival was analyzed, however, a possible beneficial effect of blood transfusions was almost nulled out when patients dying while waiting for a transplant were included. The majority of these latter patients had been transfused and many had formed HLA antibodies.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Influence of pretransplant transfusions on kidney graft survival.

A study was made to elucidate the influence of transfusions on graft survival in 42 transplanted patients. In this series of multitransfused patients the number of units given was without significance, whereas transfusions given before onset of renal disease deteriorated graft prognosis. Possible explanations are discussed and a restrictive transfusion policy is advocated for patients, for instance with malformation of the urinary tract, who may be future candidates for transplantation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Donor-specific cellular and humoral immunity after clinical kidney transplantation.

The cellular and humoral immune response against donor lymphocytes was studied in 10 patients transplanted with kidneys from living related donors. Nine of the grafts were functioning well at the time of the study. No direct (T) cell-mediated cytotoxicity against donor cells was demonstrated. Specific anti-donor antibodies were found in two recipients with well accepted grafts. Their antisera were active in antibody-induced cell-mediated cytotoxicity (AICC) and inhibited the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC), but were negative in complement-dependent cytoxicity (CDC). Thus, no single immunological factor responsible for a favorable clinical course could be demonstrated. Neither complete T nor complete B cell tolerance against donor cells had developed, and a well tolerated graft could co-exist with antibodies directed against donor cells.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1975

Cellular and humoral immunity after clinical renal transplantation.

Cellular and humoral responses against donor lymphocytes were studied in ten kidney-transplant patients, nine of whom had well functioning grafts. No(T)cell-mediated cytotoxicity against donor cells was demonstrated. Specific anti-donor antibodies were found in two recipients with well-accepted grafts. A single immunological factor responsible for a favourable clinical course was not demonstrated. Neither complete T nor B cell tolerance against donor cells had developed, and a well-tolerated graft could coexist with antibodies directed against donor cells.

Antibodies↗