Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E Apostoloff.
It was found that 61 per cent of ageing persons (average age 73 years) had no protective concentrations of tetanus antitoxin in their serums. After active immunization with a vaccine (tetanus toxoid) the increase of the tetanus antitoxin concentration was slower and lower in old age compared to the young age.
In 20 persons in old age and in 20 young persons the immunization with 0,5 ml of a vaccine (tetanus toxoid) was performed. The cell--immediated immunity of lymphocytes of these probands were investigated on the 0,7 21. and 28. day by lymphocyte-transformation test and E-rosette test. The boostering followed after 21 days with the same dose of the vaccine. It was found that the spontaneous transformation rate in T-lymphocytes in old age compared to the young age was duplicated. The stimulation with PHA (Phytämagglutinin) showed no significant differences while the specific cellular reactivity of the T-cells in old age is delayed and reduced compared to the T-cells in young age.
It was established, that there gives no significant correlations between LTT, MMHT and the intracutanous skin-test. The results show, how multifarious and self-contained immunological reactions can be. The results show too, that the tuberculosis infection (tuberculin skin test) from people after the 60th living year is very lower (64%) compared to the people in the 40th living year.
The pathogenesis of the lupus erythematosus results from co-operation of three principles: (1) genetical disposition, (2) increased reactivity of the immune system, (3) different exogenic influences. The genetical disposition is confirmed by family investigations, metabolic disorders and immune anomalies as well as by parallels to animal models. The reaction manner of the immune system is genetically determined. Exogenic factors influence the immune system (behaviour) either as starter or by modifying the genetical material. The most striking humoral immune phenomenon is an immense number of (auto-)antibodies. Investigations of xeroderma pigmentosum as well as with DNA of different antigenity have shown that an increase of the antigenicity is unlikely for this phenomenon. In the serum of patients there were established and partially characterized factors (mitogens, granulocytic adherence-factor) for increasing the immune reactivity. The increase of such factors may be the sequence of a T-suppressor cell-defect. Like-wise no interdigitating cells in systemic lupus erythematosus have been found, cells which may be responsible for the terminal differentiation of T-lymphocytes. The mode of action of exogenic factors is represented and discussed with the example of the UV provocation.
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This investigations show the lupus erythematodes visceralis as a modell of autoimmune processes. There are discussed the relations to age under special aspects of antinuclear factors in several groups of age.
The authors investigated: 1. The rheumatic status and the joint participation in lupus erythematodes visceralis in several age-groups. 2. The myocard-reactive antibodies in lupus erythematodes visceralis and in ischaemic heart diseases. 3. The antistreptolysine liter in lupus erythematodes visceralis. 4. The border cell antibodies in lupus erythematodes visceralis and "non-collagenosis" diseases. 5. The DNA-antibodies in lupus erythematodes visceralis and in normal persons.
The authors investigate the serum protein fractions in lupus erythematodes visceralis. 1. The several serum protein fractions in lupus erythematodes visceralis in several age-groups. 2. The immun-globulins in lupus erythematodes visceralis in several age-groups.
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