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Biomedical subjects

E A Walker

Publications and source records attributed to E A Walker.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Intake of volatile nitrosamines from consumption of alcohols.

Volatile nitrosamines were determined in alcoholic drinks during epidemiologic studies on the relationship between esophageal cancer incidence and alcohol consumption in Normandy, France. Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) was found commonly in most alcoholic drinks tested, with the exception of wine. The average level, about 2 micrograms/liter in beers, was higher than that for other drinks; the range was 0.2--8.6 micrograms/liter. Traces of nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) were also detected in spirits and ciders. No significant increases in levels were found after nitrosation. Calculation of daily intake in the study region showed that the main intake of volatile nitrosamine is from NDMA in beer. The intake of NDEA through consumption of cider is about one-third that of NDMA from all sources.

Alcoholic Beverages↗
PubMed1978

Nitrite studies in oesophageal cancer.

As nitrate consumption may have considerable importance for the in vivo formation of nitrites and potentially carcinogenic N-Nitroso compounds, we have studied salivary nitrite levels in patients with oesophageal cancer and adult volunteers before and after administering 100 ml beet juice containing 160 mg nitrate. Initial salivary nitrite levels were slightly lower in the cancer patients, perhaps because of previous malnutrition. In both groups there was a marked increase in salivary nitrite levels 90 minutes after ingesting beet juice and the attained levels in the two groups were similar. The results imply that formation of salivary nitrite is highly dependent on exogenous dietary nitrate and that there is no difference in the capacity to form nitrites between oesophageal cancer patients and healthy adult subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Effects of gallic acid and of ethanol on formation of nitrosodiethylamine.

In vitro experiments demonstrate that the polyphenol, gallic acid, can both catalyse and inhibit NDEA formation. The products of reaction depend considerably on pH conditions and relative concentrations of the reactants. Therefore, interpretation of in vitro experiments in terms of possible in vivo effects in a given population must take into consideration detailed information on eating and drinking habits which might affect pH conditions and relative concentrations of the reactants in the digestive tract. In this respect, it is interesting to note that epidemiological studies conducted by the agency (Day 1) indicate that tea, which contains gallotannins, is consumed more frequently but in a more diluted brew in the area of high oesophageal cancer incidence of the Caspian littoral than in the low incidence area. Our preliminary study on ethanol suggests that its effects will be found to lack the complications present with the tannins and would thus be more easily extrapolated to in vivo situations.

Catalysis↗
PubMed1976

Internal jugular phlebectasia. A clinicoroentgenographic diagnosis.

The most common cause of a mass in the neck that appears only on straining is a laryngocele. However, internal jugular phlebectasia may manifest in a similar manner. Dilation of the internal jugular vein with any maneuver that increases intrathoracic pressure suggests mechanical obstruction in the neck or the mediastinum, but the cause is still in doubt. Dilated internal jugular veins have been excised and have been found to have thinning of the wall of the vein, but have not been found to have a congenital abnormality.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Internal jugular phlebectasis. A clinicoroentgenographic diagnosis.

The most common cause of a mass in the neck that appears only on straining is a laryngocete. However, internal jugular phlebectasia may manifest in a similar manner. Dilation of the internal jugular vein with any maneuver that increases intrathoracic pressure suggests mechanical obstruction in the neck or the mediastinum, but the cause is still in doubt. Dilated internal jugular veins have been excised and have been found to have thinning of the wall of the vein, but have not been found to have a congenital abnormality.

Adult↗