Biomedical subjects

E A Kogan

Publications and source records attributed to E A Kogan.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

[Morphologic and molecular-genetic characteristics of keratinization and apoptosis in squamous cell lung carcinoma].

46 samples of squamous-cell lung carcinoma (SqCLC) from surgical patients were examined for biomolecular tumor markers (pancytokeratins, c-myc, p53, bcl-2, Bax, Ki-67, IGF-system) and apoptosis. Keratinization appeared an independent from apoptosis type of programmed cell death. It relates to cell death by differentiation, is followed by accumulation of c-fos, c-myc, Bax, IGF-II, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-5 this indicating their involvement in the regulation of this process. High level of apoptosis does not determine positive prognosis of the neoplastic process as it is not a single variant of programmed cell death in SqCLC. Malignant grade of SqCLC depends upon correlation between the proliferative processes and various types of cell death. Better prognosis of well and moderately differentiated SqCLC (as compared to poorly differentiated carcinomas) may be due to the fact that high proliferative activity of the tumor cells is balanced by their death by keratinization.

Apoptosis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis].

A postmortem case of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis is reported. A 67-year-old male had hemorrhagic component, affection of the kidneys, skin, lungs and gastrointestinal organs. The disease began in 1994 with extreme weakness, headache, fever, skin eruption. Antibodies to B and C hepatitis were found. The condition of the patient worsened since 1997 when renal deficiency reached the degree of uremia. Before the autopsy the diagnosis was: chronic glomerulonephritis with cryoglobulinemia in context of systemic vasculitis with involvement of the skin, gastrointestinal tract, fever syndrome. Pathomorphologically, the patient had proliferative vasculitis with leukoclasia in the skin, chronic mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis in the kidney, fibrosing alveolitis and vasculitis with affection of small vessels in the lung, chronic hepatitis in the liver. The anatomopathological diagnosis was as follows: cryoglobulinemic vasculitis of the hemorrhagic vasculitis type with involvement of the kidneys, skin, gastrointestinal tract and the lungs. Differential diagnosis with other microscopic vascilitides: main distinctions of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis are immune deposits consisting of cryoglobulins in the wall of small vessels. The most frequent components of cryoglobulins are IgM and IgG. These are main morphological, classifying and differential-diagnostic signs.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Small cell carcinoma and carcinoids of the lung: morphology of apoptosis and expression of biomolecular markers of tumor growth].

Neuroendocrine lung tumors (NELT) from 50 patients were studied immunohistochemically. Malignant carcinoid and small-cell lung carcinoma (SCC) have a higher level of apoptosis than ordinary carcinoid. An increase of apoptosis index in NELT coincides with an increase in NELT proliferative activity (Ki-67, Bcl-2, c-myc, p-53) as compared to a typical carcinoid. Phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies was absent in SCC. Classic SCC differs from combined SCC by a higher apoptosis index and lower expression of p-53 and Bcl-2. Metastatic SCC differs from SCC without metastases by lower apoptosis level and higher level of proliferative indices (Ki-67, Bcl-2) of tumor cells. Development of unbalance between apoptosis and proliferation may result from mitosis and apoptosis pathology.

Apoptosis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinico-morphological and molecular-biological characteristics of idiopathic fibrous alveolitis and lung sarcoidosis].

Lung biopsies of 16 patients with classic idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis (IFA) and 6 patients with sarcoidosis were studied immunohistochemically. It was found that adenomatous hyperplasia (AH) and fibrosing in IFA are potentiated by high expression of thrombocytic growth factor (TGF) and insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1). Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) in IFA is actively produced at early stages of the disease. TNFa is drastically reduced in IFA with atypical AH. High level of TNFa produced by alveolar macrophage, pneumocytes type 2 and by other cells is observed in the lungs in sarcoidosis. The level of transforming growth factor (B1-TGF) is rather low in sarcoidosis this being combined with weak interstitial fibrosis (3.75 against 5.06 in IFA). Sarcoidosis granuloma contains proliferating epithelioid cells (as judged by Ki-67), produces a high amount of FTN (4.66), moderate amount of cell fibronectin (2.7), fibroblast growth factor, beta-TGF and IGF-system (1.7; 1.1; 0.8, respectively). Thus, IFA and sarcoidosis are distinguished not only morphologically but by the cytokine profile as well. This implies different approaches to their diagnosis and treatment.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Insulin-like growth factors in lung precancer].

Investigation of IGF-system resulted in distinguishing two groups of processes depending on the size of the bronchi. Goblet cell metaplasia, basal cell hyperplasia with or without atypical features, squamous cell metaplasia, dysplasia 1-3, neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia, epithelial atrophy were found in the large bronchi. The same changes occurred in the bronchioli and alveoli plus adenomatous hyperplasia with or without atypia, oval and narrow structures with epithelial atrophy, atypia and proliferation. Common property was accumulation in the cells of various members of IGF system: high accumulation of IGF II, IGFBP 1,2,3,4 in dysplasia; the same plus IGFBP 11,2,3,4,5 in squamous metaplasia. Tuberculous granuloma cells are an important source of IGF II, IGFBP 2,3,4,5,6 playing a role in proliferation and apoptosis of the pulmonary epithelium.

Female↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Combination of pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis with skin leiomyomatosis and uterine leiomyoma].

Clinical observation with morphological verification of the above combination in a 48-year-old patient is presented. Large cysts, dystelectasia, fibrosis and smooth muscle proliferation were found in the lungs. The characteristic feature of smooth muscle cells was their differentiation in the direction of myofibroblasts and expression of antigen interacting with HMB-45 antibodies as well as protein products involved in catecholamine metabolism and estrogen receptors.

Angiolipoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Correlation between proliferative processes and cell death in non-small cell lung cancer with glandular differentiation at different stages of tumor progression].

Surgical material (removed lungs or their parts) from 58 patients operated in 1993-1998 was investigated. Lung adenocarcinomas (LAC) are characterized by low proliferative activity of tumor cells. With a decrease of LAC differentiation, tumor cell death by terminal differentiation also diminished which was accompanied by low bcl-2 expression and enhancement of spontaneous apoptosis with active accumulation of protein products of p53 expression in tumor cells nuclei. Expression of c-myc and bax remained unchanged. On the whole, the picture reminds that in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma is characterized by low proliferative activity combined with higher apoptosis compared to LAC. Large cell lung carcinoma and adenomatous-squamous lung carcinoma demonstrated the highest proliferation and spontaneous apoptosis of tumor cells with accumulation in these cells of p53, bcl-2 and bax comparing to non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSLC) with adenomatous differentiation. Progression of NCLC with adenomatous differentiation largely depends not only on proliferative activity of tumor cells but on tumor cell death due to terminal differentiation, apoptosis and necrosis as well.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Prion diseases: current views].

This is a review of the problem. The above diseases represent a peculiar type of fatal neurodegenerative diseases of man and animals provoker of which is prion--a low molecular anucleinic protein resistant to inactivation. Human prior diseases include fatal familial sleeplessness, Kreutzfeldt-Jakob disease, kuru, Gerstmann-Streussler-Sheinker's syndrome, etc. Prion proteins possess a characteristic capacity to change a tertiary conformation resulting in the formation of a pathological form of protein having infectious properties. Pathogenesis, morphological and clinical manifestations as well as principles of diagnosis and treatment of these diseases are discussed.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Histological and molecular-biological markers of malignancy in different variants of thyroid papillary carcinoma].

Material for this study from 61 patients (thyroid papillary carcinoma) is shown to represent a heterogenic group of tumors differing from each other morphologically, molecular-biologically and histogenetically. The most malignant were long-cell and B-cell variants and the least malignant--a follicular variant. 81% of the tumors had neuro-endocrine differentiation and their malignant potential was higher compared to tumors without this differentiation.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Morphological, cytogenetic and molecular biological characteristics of lung cancer in persons exposed for a long time to radionuclide radiation pollution in the Semipalatinsk region of Kazakhstan].

Surgical and biopsy material was used from 57 patients with lung carcinoma (LC): 17 patients (group I) lived close to testing area from the childhood to 1993 and were exposed to radiation at the year dose 0.1 ber. For comparison surgical and biopsy material from 40 patients (group 2) was taken who lived in the territories of Kazakhstan (10 patients) and Moscow (30 patients) with normal radiation background. The following features of LC were found in the groups in question: constant observation of dust particles and interstitial and focal fibrosis in tumours of various localization and histological type; prevailing small cell carcinoma as compared to other histological types; high frequency of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma; higher expression of IGFII, IGFBP1,2 and rare expression of IGFB3; proliferative activity followed by an increased expression of c-myc, bcl-2.

Air Pollution, Radioactive↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Cytogenetic variants of dysregenerative and precancerous epithelial changes in chronic inflammatory pulmonary diseases].

Surgical material of the lungs and their parts from 31 patients and open biopsies were studied. Proliferative activity (Ki-67, PCNA) and oncomarkers expression (bcl-2, p-53, c-myc, b-TGF, chromogranin-A) were studied immunohistochemically in the foci of various epithelial changes. It is established that a wide spectrum of alterations in pulmonary tissue is associated with variability of precursor cells and may have nosological features.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and dysplasia in squamous epithelium of the honeycomb lung in outcome of idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis].

Relationships between sclerosis and carcinogenesis in the honeycomb lung were studied in the outcome of two variants of idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis (IFA)-common interstitial pneumonia (CIP) and desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP) which may be a background for lung carcinoma development. The material was obtained from 43 patients with the diagnosis of IFA. Immunohistochemically were studied: TNF-alpha (DAKO, Denmark, 1:100), pancytokeratines (Immunotech, Germany, concentration 1:100), Ki67 (DAKO, Denmark, 1:40), TGF-beta (Biosource international, USA, 1:100), CD34 (Novocastra, Great Britain, 1:100), EMA (DAKO, Denmark, 1:100). Differences in morphogenesis of CIP and DIP were found. CIP is characterised by primary pronounced lung interstitium damage with stroma vascularisation already at early stages with secondary involvement of the epithelium with development of adenomatous hyperplasia with or without atypia which is usually observed at the stage of lung honeycomb. Pronounced primary damage of alveolar epithelium as a result of action of activated alveolar macrophages with subsequent proliferation, desquamation and squamous epithelium metaplasia were more typical for DIP. The presence of squamous meta- and dysplasia of the epithelium is characteristic for DIP outcome in the honeycomb lung.

Adenomatosis, Pulmonary↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of Fas/FasL system in induction of hepatocyte apoptosis in chronic viral hepatitides].

The aim of the study was assessment of hepatocyte apoptosis depending on expression of Fas and FasL proteins by various liver cells in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B (CVHB) or chronic viral hepatitis C (CVHC). The symptoms of hepatocyte apoptosis were observed in 3 of 12 patients with CVHB and in 9 of 14 patients with CVHC, the proportion of apoptotic cells being 12-65%. Hepatocytes of healthy people and patients with hepatitis B or C express Fas protein in the cytoplasm diffusely, as granules or on cell membrane. In health, hepatocytes do not express FasL, but in CVH they do. The highest apoptosis was observed in Fas protein location as granules in cytoplasm or in their preferable location on the cell membrane. The severity of hepatocyte apoptosis in CVH directly correlated with FasL expression by the cells of the lymphoid-histiocytic infiltrate in the liver and inversely correlated with FasL expression by hepatocytes. Thus, a great part of hepatocytes in CVH are killed by the virus; Fas/FasL interaction is leading in damage to hepatocytes in CVH.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of apoptosis and proliferation of epitheliocytes in morphogenesis of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis].

77 patients with chronic Helicobacter gastritis verified endoscopically and exacerbation of duodenal ulcer were examined. H. pylori infection was identified by the rapid ureasa test (CLO-test) and Giemza staining. The patients received 7-day three-component therapy for eradication of H. pylori. Apoptosis and proliferation were studied in 16 patients in serial sections with the use of monoclonal antibodies. Eradication of H. pylori resulted in relief of inflammation and transformation of active gastritis in inactive one. H. pylori-associated gastritis is associated with activation of apoptosis of gastric mucosa epithelial cells and epitheliocytes proliferation. H. pylori eradication alters correlation between apoptosis of epitheliocytes and their proliferation: successful eradication of the infection decreases apoptosis, high proliferative activity of epitheliocytes persists reflecting enhancement of regeneration in gastric mucosa.

Amoxicillin↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Affection of the central nervous system in Wegener's granulomatosis].

A case of a lesion of the central nervous system in Wegener's granulomatosis with neuritis of craniocerebral nerves, granulomas, vasculitis and foci of ishemic necrosis and hemorrhages in the brain tissue is reported. Diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis in a female aged 48 years was confirmed morphologically and by detection of specific antibodies. In spite of prednisolone (20 mg/day) and cyclophosphamide treatment (200 mg per week), hemiplegia, aphasia appeared which progressed and resulted in a death of the patient. Histologically lesions in many organs were found: middle ear, lungs, kidneys, brain, destructive vasculitis, necrotic foci and polymorphic lung granulomas, fibrosing alveolitis, polymorphocellular granulomas, multiple infarctions in the kidneys, endothrombovasculitis, necrotic foci and granulomas with glial reaction in the brain tissue.

Brain↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Correlation of proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and metastasizing in various histogenetic types of pulmonary cancer (an immunohistochemical investigation)].

Surgical material from 157 patients with lung carcinoma was studied. Immunohistochemical detection of the following oncomarkers was performed: Ki67, p53, CD34, CAS, Topoisomerase II alfa, nm23 protein, E-cadherin. The existence of association between proliferation, tumour cell apoptosis and formation of vessels in the tumour stroma is established. Angiogenesis correlated with proliferative activity of tumour cells this resulting from the effect of growth factors secreted by cells of both tumours and stroma. Angiogenesis in lung carcinoma may also be stimulated by mitogenetic factors accumulating in tumour tissue due to the "uncompleted" apoptosis. Low nm23 and E-cadherin expression is found in lung carcinoma with regional lymphogenic metastases indicating probably cancer metastases.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[A role of growth factors in development of various histological types of uterine leiomyoma].

The following growth factors play a role in the development of uterine leiomyoma: EFR- epidermal growth factor, EFR-R- receptor of EFR, TGF- thrombocytic growth factor, TGFb- transforming growth factor beta, ILGF1 - insulin-like growth factor of the 1st type. These factors stimulate proliferation of cells, stroma and angiogenesis in the tumor. Mitotically active leiomyoma is characterized by a higher content of these growth factors vs ordinary and cellular leiomyomas. Treatment of uterine leiomyoma should be concentrated on removal of tumor cells from the body as leiomyomas especially its mitotically active variant produce growth factors which are able to stimulate tumor growth by the autocrine mechanism.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Correlation between proliferation and apoptosis in different histological types of uterine leiomyoma].

75 cases of simple, cellular and mitotically active leiomyoma (LM) were studied immunohistochemically with the use of monoclonal antibodies against bcl-2 ("DAKO", 1:80), bax ("Calbiochem, 1:80), c-myc ("Novocastra", 1:100), CD 95 ("Dianova, 1:50), Ki67 ("Dianova", 1:40), PCNA ("Novacastra", 1:100). Apoptosis was assessed by the Tunnel method (ENZO Apop Detek Cell Death Assay System). Simple LM is characterized by apoptosis domination over proliferation in leiomyocytes. Size increase of such a tumor is probably the result of hypertrophy of leiomyocytes and stromal elements proliferation as well as secondary changes. Cellular LM is characterized by about similar level of tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis. Size increase of cellular LM is related to hypertrophy and leiomyocytes number increase probably due to their life lengthening. Mitotically active LM is characterized by domination of proliferation over apoptosis of tumor cells this being main condition of this tumor growth. Various types of LM differ by their stroma composition: fibrocyte prevailing in a simple LM, angiogenesis in mitotically active LM. Combination of adenomyosis with endometrium hyperplasia results in enhancement of proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells.

Adolescent↗