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Biomedical subjects

D Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to D Wilson.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

153Sm radiotherapeutic bone agents.

Samarium-153 is a radionuclide which can be produced in high yield by neutron irradiation and which has nuclear properties that make it attractive for use as a radiotherapeutic agent. Several phosphonate complexes of 153Sm were synthesized and characterized by electrophoresis and HPLC. A procedure based on cation exchange chromatography was developed for measuring complex yields. The complexes could be produced in yields greater than 99%, were anionic, and most exhibited a single HPLC peak.

Acetates↗
PubMed1986

Immunotherapy of primary immunological aborters: rationale for the use of pooled cryopreserved purified normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Patients with recurrent spontaneous abortions have been successfully treated in many centers with third-party immunization directed to a putative TLX antigen system. This immunotherapy requires the screening of a large number of donors to match the patients' red blood cell (RBC) phenotype and has the potential risks associated with transfusions from 30 to 50 donors. Our modified approach to third-party immunization is to use irradiated frozen-stored purified lymphocytes pooled from five normal donors. Mononuclear cells from normal donors are obtained in a cell separator. After sedimentation and Ficoll-Hypaque separation, the cells are stored in liquid N2. The RBC depletion of the final preparation is of the order of 5 to 6 logs, theoretically decreasing the need for RBC phenotyping except for the Rh system. Using a highly sensitive fluorescence-activated cell sorter technique and an ADCC assay, we found that ABH, Rh, Fya Fyb, Jka Jkb, MNS, and Kell antigens are either not expressed by cryopreserved human mononuclear cells, or, if so, they are below the level of detection of these highly sensitive assays. We conclude that the use of pooled frozen mononuclear cells is an adequate alternative for immunotherapy. It decreases the transfusion risks associated with exposure to a large number of donors and the need for RBC phenotyping, making this modality of treatment more accessible.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1986

Abnormal in vivo metabolism of apolipoprotein E4 in humans.

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is important in modulating the catabolism of remnants of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles. It is a polymorphic protein with the three common alleles coding for apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4. ApoE3 is considered the normal isoform, while apoE4 is associated both with hypercholesterolemia and type V hyperlipoproteinemia. We quantitated the kinetics of metabolism of apoE4 in 19 normolipidemic apoE3 homozygotes and 1 normolipidemic apoE4 homozygote, and compared this with the metabolism of apoE3 in 12 normolipidemic apoE3 homozygotes. In the apoE3 homozygous subjects, apoE4 was catabolized twice as fast as apoE3, with a mean plasma residence time of 0.37 +/- 0.01 d (+/- SEM) and 0.73 +/- 0.05 (P less than 0.001), respectively. When plasma was fractionated into the lipoprotein subclasses, the greatest amount of labeled apoE4 was present on very low density lipoproteins, while the largest fraction of labeled apoE3 was associated with high density lipoproteins. The plasma apoE concentration was decreased in an apoE4 homozygote compared with the apoE3 homozygotes (3.11 mg/dl vs. 4.83 +/- 0.35 mg/dl). The reduced apoE4 concentration was entirely due to a decreased apoE4 residence time in the apoE4 homozygote (0.36 d vs. 0.73 +/- 0.05 d for apoE3 in apoE3 homozygotes). These results indicate that apoE4 is kinetically different than apoE3, and suggest that the presence of apoE4 in hypercholesterolemic and type V hyperlipoproteinemic individuals may play an important pathophysiological role in the development of these dyslipoproteinemias.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Limb-body wall complex: in utero sonographic diagnosis of a complicated fetal malformation.

Limb-Body Wall Complex is a complicated fetal malformation with the essential features of neural-tube defects, body-wall disruption, and limb abnormalities. This complex should be distinguished from other body-wall defects including omphalocele and gastroschisis since the prognosis for limb-body wall complex is uniformly poor. For 13 cases of this unusual fetal anomaly, sonographic, radiologic, and pathologic findings were correlated. Thoracic or abdominal body-wall defects, neural-tube abnormalities, severe scoliosis, positional deformities, and abnormalities of fetal membranes were consistently demonstrated on in utero sonograms. Results show that the diagnosis of limb-body wall complex can be made by prenatal sonography.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1985

Effect of vegetarianism on development of gall stones in women.

Real time ultrasonography was used to compare the prevalence of gall stones in two groups of women aged 40-69: 632 women recruited from general practice registers and 130 vegetarians. One hundred and fifty-six (25%) of the 632 women who ate meat and 15 (12%) of the 130 vegetarian women either had gall stones visible on ultrasonography or had previously undergone cholecystectomy (p less than 0.01). The prevalence of gall stones was found to increase with age and body mass index. The 2.5 fold increase in risk of developing gall stones in non-vegetarians compared with vegetarians was reduced to 1.9 when controlling for these two potentially confounding factors, but remained significant. A family history of gall stones was reported more often by women with gall stones, but no association was found with parity or use of exogenous oestrogens. Thus the importance of age and obesity to determine the prevalence of gall stone was confirmed, and a dietary factor associated with vegetarianism may prevent this common condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Posterior intertransverse fusion assessed clinically and with biplanar radiography.

Biplanar radiography was used to assess bony union after intertransverse fusion. The patients were assessed clinically and the fusion status was compared with the clinical result. Posterolateral intertransverse fusion was shown to be capable of fusing the motion segment almost completely. However, the strictly measured fusion rate was only 27%, but this increased to 91% when partial fusions were included. The fusion rate from conventional plain films assessed by the radiologist was 82%, which is similar to other reports. On clinical examination, a satisfactory result was obtained in 82%, but there was no clear correlation with fusion status.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Regulation of Respiration in the Leaves and Roots of Two Lolium perenne Populations with Contrasting Mature Leaf Respiration Rates and Crop Yields.

Measurements of O(2) uptake were made on leaves and roots of two populations of Lolium perenne L. cv S23 (GL66 and GL72), previously shown to have contrasting rates of CO(2) evolution and yields of dry matter. O(2) uptake was faster in the mature leaves of GL66 than those of GL72, but no difference was observed in the respiratory rates of meristematic leaf bases or mature roots. The growth rate of GL72 was faster than that of GL66. Cyanide resistance was substantial in mature leaves but the alternative path did not contribute to O(2) uptake in the dark. In both populations, adding malate and glycine stimulated O(2) uptake, but exogenous sucrose only stimulated when uncoupler was also present. The difference between the respiratory rates of the two populations was maintained under all investigated conditions. We conclude that the rate of mature leaf respiration in the dark in L. perenne is limited by adenylate control of glycolysis. The difference between the fast (GL66) and slow (GL72) respiring populations reflected a greater respiratory capacity and higher turnover of ATP in GL66. Alternative path capacity was also high in the roots of both and contributed substantially to O(2) uptake, as indicated by inhibition by salicylhydroxamic acid in the absence of KCN. The alternative path capacity of meristematic leaf bases was considerably less than that in mature leaves.Transverse and cross-sections were made of mature leaves of both populations to study anatomical features which might explain the differences in ATP turnover, suggested by the biochemical experiments. Leaves of GL72 were thicker but did not show a different anatomy when compared with GL66. The increased thickness was not due to more or larger cells but entirely to a larger intercellular volume.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

Backscattering from dental restorations and splint materials during therapeutic radiation.

Models were constructed to simulate as closely as possible the human oral cavity. Radiation absorbed doses were determined for controls and various test situations involving the presence of dental restorative and splint materials during cobalt-60 irradiation of the models. Adjacent gold full crowns and adjacent solid dental silver amalgam cores both increased the dose to the interproximal gingivae by 20%. Use of orthodontic full bands for splinting the jaws increased the dose to the buccal tissues by an average of 10%. Augmentation of dose through backscatter radiation was determined to be only slight for intracoronal amalgam fillings and stainless steel or plastic bracket splints.

Crowns↗
PubMed1984

Abnormal laboratory test values during ceftriaxone therapy.

Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the safety of ceftriaxone during clinical use. Laboratory test values were evaluated in 153 individual clinical studies. A total of 2,640 patients received ceftriaxone at various doses, ranging from a single dose to six weeks of administration. The most frequently encountered laboratory test abnormalities in the overall population were hematologic (14.4 percent), hepatic (5 percent), and renal (1.4 percent). When analyzed separately, the incidences of hematologic, hepatic, and renal laboratory test abnormalities in the pediatric population were 30.8, 7.7, and 0.7 percent, respectively. The incidence of abnormal laboratory test results for once- and twice-daily drug administration was comparable. There were no significant differences except for the frequency of thrombocytosis for which the incidence for once-daily administration was 1.8 percent and for twice-daily administration 5.3 percent. The incidence of abnormal laboratory test values during ceftriaxone therapy (19.0 percent) was comparable to that observed with the cephalosporins (18.3 percent) and other comparative drugs used in these studies. Ceftriaxone is at least as safe and as well tolerated as other currently available antimicrobial agents used in the therapy of serious bacterial infections.

Adolescent↗