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Biomedical subjects

D Wahl

Publications and source records attributed to D Wahl.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Radioreceptor assay for determination of the antimuscarinic drug ipratropium bromide in man.

A radioreceptor assay for the determination of ipratropium bromide in human plasma has been developed, using [3H] N-methyl-scopolamine as a radioligand to label muscarinic cholinergic receptors in a membrane preparation of rat cerebral cortex. There was no interference due to the cross-reactivity of 3 metabolites of ipratropium with the parent compound (5.2, 1.5 and 0.004%, respectively). The validity of the assay was checked between 20 pg/ml and 1000 pg/ml drug. In a pilot study plasma levels following a single oral dose of 30 mg were determined to examine the applicability of the radioreceptor assay to clinical and pharmacokinetic studies, and for measurement of plasma levels after therapeutic oral doses. The peak plasma concentration in three healthy volunteers (means = 322 pg/ml) occurred within 1-3 h.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Results of the treatment of avulsion fractures of the medial epicondyle of the humerus during the growth period].

An account is given in this paper of long-term results obtained from surgical treatment of strain or avulsion fractures of the epicondylus medialis humeri of patients in growth age. Follow-up checks were made on 46 of 59 patients. Anatomic reposition of fragments was clearly superior to percutaneous reposition and fixation of dislocated epicondylus, as postoperative results obtained from the latter approach were more often morphologically unsatisfactory. Reposition with fragments in accurate positions relative to each other was more conducive to complete ossification, whereas pseudoarthrosis was the result of reposition with fragments in inadequate positions. Both functional and individually perceived long-term results in the wake of curing in proper anatomic position were better than those following pseudoarthrosis. Therapeutic nihilism or deliberate acceptance of pseudoarthrotic healing, therefore, cannot be justified in treatment of avulsion fractures of the epicondylus medialis humeri.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Biochemical studies with oxitropium bromide. 1. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism in the rat and dog].

The bronchospasmolytic drug (8r)-6 beta, 7 beta-epoxy-8-ethyl-3 alpha-[(-)-tropoyloxy]-1 alpha H, 5 alpha H-tropanium bromide (oxitropium bromide, Ba 253 BR, Ventilat) was tested pharmacokinetically as a 14C labelled substance in rats and dogs. Following oral administration low concentrations of radioactivity persisting over several hours were measured in the blood of dogs and rats. The active ingredient which can be separated from the metabolites by thin layer chromatography and quantified via the radioactivity reaches a maximum in the rat plasma after 1 to 2 h; it is then eliminated from the blood with a half-life of approx. 4 h. Following intravenous administration the radioactivity measured directly (active ingredient + metabolites) is distributed rapidly into the tissue of the rat and the dog. The distribution phase is followed by a relatively fast elimination phase ending in the terminal elimination phase approx. 1 h after administration. Rats and dogs eliminate the radioactivity mainly with the feces after oral administration, whereas following intravenous administration the rat eliminates about half with the feces and half via the kidneys. Biliary excretion of the rat is 12% after oral and 14% after intravenous administration. The rat absorbs 14% and the dog 28% of dose. Five metabolites have been demonstrated in the urine of the rat and the dog. Metabolism takes place exclusively in the tropaic acid part of the molecule and by hydrolysis of the compound.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Biochemical studies with oxitropium bromide. 2. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism in humans].

The present paper reports on the human pharmacokinetics of (8r)-6 beta, 7 beta-epoxy-8-ethyl-3 alpha-/(-)-tropoyloxy/-1 alpha H, 5 alpha H-tropanium bromide (oxitropium bromide, Ba 253 BR, Ventilat) after intravenous and oral administration as well as following inhalation. The 14C-labelled substance was used. The concentrations of radioactivity measured in the plasma after i.v. administration show a biphasic course, a rapid alpha phase and a terminal phase (t 1/2 = 1.5 h). Once the alpha phase has passed the radioactivity concentrations measured after i.v. administration of 1 mg are comparable with those after 20 mg administered orally. The concentration course after inhalation corresponds essentially to the course after oral administration of lower doses. The cumulative renal excretion of the radioactivity is 68-78% for i.v. administration, 13% for oral administration, and 10% for inhalation. 7% (i.v.), 77% (p.o.) and 88% (inhalation) is excreted in the faeces. Oxitropium bromide is rapidly hydrolysed after oral administration. As little as 4 h later only 2-3% of intact active ingredient is found, whereas there is 85% of the hydrolysed product in the urine. A similar distribution pattern is observed in urine samples taken later. Some other metabolites are also recorded in minimal quantities. After i.v. administration, too, the hydrolysed product is excreted as the main component.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

[Post-traumatic cubitus varus].

In 101 supracondylar fractures which had happened in childhood the axial deviations with emphasis on subsequent cubitus varus formation were followed-up 6.6 years later. This varus angulation originates mostly from insufficient reposition and/or immobilisation when treating the fracture after the accident. Concerning surgical correction of the deformity we are critical and recommend to be reserved.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Air-conditioner disease. Results of an industrial medicine survey (author's transl)].

The results of a survey conducted in a company employing 1850 persons working in air-conditioned premises are reported. One hundred and five persons were examined, including 790 who mostly complained of respiratory disorders and 20 controls. Regular check-ups during the last two years have failed to reveal any serious disease. The most frequent complaints were rhinitis and tracheitis, especially among female employees. No alveolitis was observed. The finding of Bacillus subtilis in samples of ambient air and air-conditioner filters in conjunction with the presence of precipitating antibodies against crude extracts from these samples, suggested that the respiratory disorders might have been due to this microorganism. A multifactorial analysis demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between clinical symptoms and immunological disorders. The air-conditioner disease, therefore, may present as a benign condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Lipids and phospholipids in the fluid of broncho-alveolar lavage. Value for the study of alveolar penetration of corticosteroids by aerosol (author's transl)].

Broncho-alveolar lavages from 13 control subjects have been studied for the following parameters : phospholipids, free fatty acids, total last parameter, through the depolarisation of Diphenylhexatriene, is independent of the recovered volume. An identical study has been performed for two bronchiolo-alveolar cancers. A treatment with hydrocortisone-containing aerosol has been associated with an increase in phospholipid amount and a drastic decrease in microviscosity. This observation suggests that the synthesis of tensio-active phospholipids is dependant of corticoids by an enzymatic induction. The effect of therapeutics given in aerosol can be monitored by the biochemical and physical modification in broncho-alveolar fluids thus obtained.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1978

[Instrumental technics of exploration of the mediastinum].

Several techniques can be used for the diagnosing of diseases pertaining to the mediastinum. The diagnosis can be made in 78% of cases by mediastinoscopy. When the lesion is situated beyond the reach of mediastinoscopy, needle biopsy and pleuroscopy can be used either alone or associated to mediastinoscopy. The histological diagnosis can be made in almost all cases. But a few precautions are necessary because this technique carries a certain risk for vessels. Therefore preoperative angiography of the superior vena cava or arteriography of the branches of the aortic arch should be performed to help for the diagnosis and ensure its safety.

Biopsy, Needle↗