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Biomedical subjects

D W Goodwin

Publications and source records attributed to D W Goodwin.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Drinking amid abundant illicit drugs. The Vietnam case.

We studied drinking patterns and problems of 451 US Army enlisted men after their return from Vietnam. Before Vietnam, nearly half were regular drinkers and one quarter had drinking problems. Problem drinking declined in Vietnam as opiate use rose sharply; half had tried opiates and 20% were opiate dependent. After Vietnam, opiate use decreased (now less than 2% opiate dependent) and problem drinking again became ascendant. At time of interview, 17% had drunk in an alcoholic pattern at some period in their lives and another 41% had had problems from drinking. The younger men were more likely to have had problems. Alcholism predictors included:becoming intoxicated at an early age; dropping out of school; truancy and expulsion from school; and having a father with a history of alcoholism or arrests.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Genetic determinants of alcohol addiction.

Animal and human studies indicate strain, species, and racial differences in biological responses to alcohol. Presumably, these are at least partly determined by genetic factors. However, until recently there has been little evidence suggesting that the condition called alcoholism is influenced by genetic factors. Although alcoholism is strongly familial (about one quarter of male relatives of alcoholics are themselves alcoholic), the condition is also associated with vocational and ethnic differences and at present there is no consistent evidence linking alcoholism to specific biochemical abnormalities. In recent years, however, an increasing body of evidence has suggested that genetic factors may play a role. These studies generally have been of two types: (1) twin and adoption studies, and (2) genetic marker studies. Two twin studies have been conducted. One indicated that monozygotic twins are more concordant for alcohol problems than are dizygotic twins. The other produced equivocal findings. Genetic marker studies have had inconsistent results. Of two adoption studies conducted, one found evidence for a hereditary factor and the other did not. It is hypothesized that severe forms of alcoholism may be heritable while milder forms have nongenetic origins. The virtues and limitations of the various studies are discussed.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1975

Alcoholism and the hyperactive child syndrome.

Comparisons were made between alcoholics and nonalcoholics in a sample of Danish adoptees (mean age 30) and it was found that the alcoholics, as children, were more often hyperactive, truant, antisocial, shy, aggressive, disobedient, and friendless. The literature suggesting a relationship between the hyperactive child syndrome and subsequent alcoholism is reviewed, as well as a possible relationship between these disorders and antisocial behavior. The adoptive parent of the two groups did not differ with regard to socioeconomic class, psychopathology, or drinking histories. However, 10 of the 14 alcoholics had biological parents who were alcoholic, with no known alcoholism among the biological parents of the nonalcoholics. As adults, the alcoholics differed from the nonalcoholics only with regard to drinking history, use of drugs, and overt expression of anger.

Adoption↗
PubMed1975

Association and linkage between alcoholism and eleven serological markers.

Sera from alcoholics and their nonalcoholic first-degree relatives were analyzed for 11 serological markers. A lower prevalence of the S antigen in the nonalcoholic relatives and linkage in repulsion between the D gene of the Rh system and alcoholism were found. All the alcoholics and the relatives had an SS phenotype, when analyzed for complement C3, compared with a prevalence rate of about 50% in other studies. The first two associations involve blood groups, the latter a serum protein.

ABO Blood-Group System↗