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Biomedical subjects

D Trichopoulos

Publications and source records attributed to D Trichopoulos.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Hepatitis B and primary hepatocellular carcinoma in a European population.

The prevalence of serological markers of active of past hepatitis-B virus (H.B.V.) infection was determined in 80 Greek patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (P.H.C.), 160 age and sex matched controls and 40 patients with metastatic liver cancer (M.L.C.). The relative risk of the various patterns of H.B.V. serological markers for P.H.C. was calculated. Active H.B.V. infection, as indicated by positive tests for hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg), or antibody to hepatitis-B core antigen (anti-HBc) without antibody to HBsAg) (anti-HBs), was associated with P.H.C. (relative risk 10.4) but not with M.L.C. (relative risk 1.2). Patients without markers and those who had recovered from hepatitis B (anti-HBs-positive) had approximately the same low risk for P.H.C. (relative risk 0.8). Active infection was more common in P.H.C. patients with co-existing cirrhosis than in those without cirrhosis (67% versus 26%). Thus the relationship between active hepatitis B and P.H.C. seen in African and Asian populations is now seen in a European Caucasian population with different racial, environmental, and dietary circumstances.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Hashish smoking and T-lymphocytes.

To investigate the effect of long term hashish use on T-lymphocytes we have measured the incorporation of 14C-thymidine by peripheral blood lymphocytes, unstimulated and stimulated by phytohemagglutinin, as well as the proportion and number of E-rosettes in 12 healthy male chronic users of the drug before and after a smoking session, and in 15 control subjects. The results show that hashish smoking does not impair the response of lymphocytes to PHA, at least at the concentration of PHA used. Furthermore there is a possibility that among chronic users a hashish smoking session may have a slight stimulatory effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

T-lymphocytes and hepatitis B serology.

The incorporation of 14C-thymidine by peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and the proportion and absolute number of E-rosettes were determined in 28 prostitutes and the results were correlated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) serology. Women were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and its antibody (anti-HBs) as well as for antibody to the hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). It was found that women who were carriers of HBsAg had significantly lower incorporation of 14C-thymidine (median value 14451 counts per minute-cpm) compared to women positive for anti-HBc but negative for the other two markers (median value 28590 cpm) as well as to women negative for all the tested markers (median value 30600 cpm). No significant difference was found among the three groups studied with respect to either the absolute number or the percentage of E-rosettes. The results indicate that the presence of anti-HBc alone, is not related to the responsiveness of lymphocytes to PHA.

Carbon Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1978

Prevalence at birth of congenital malformations in Athens, Greece, 1955--1965.

The prevalence at birth of congenital malformations in Athens was studied in a sample of 74,390 live and stillborn infants, born to women attending a large University Maternity Hospital during 1955--1965. A total of 1534 malformed infants was identified (20.62 per 1000 newborn). The prevalence of anencephalus and spina bifida is lower in Athens than in the United Kingdom, whereas the frequency of other malformations in rather similar in the two countries.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1978

Serum immunoglobulin concentrations before and after splenectomy in patients with homozygous beta-thalassaemia.

Serum IgM, IgA, and IgG concentrations were measured in 19 patients suffering from blood-dependent homozygous beta-thalassaemia. The study was prospective and the same patients served as presplenectomy controls. IgG levels rose rapidly and continuously after splenectomy IgA levels also rose but not so sharply. IgM fell to low levelr pattern was found in the cross-sectional part of the study comprising 39 splenectomised and 51 non-splenectomised patients who were tested once.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Isolation of salmonella from minced meat by the use of a new procedure of enrichment.

In the examination of 526 samples of minced meat for the presence of salmonellae, a preliminary pre-enrichment in buffered peptone water was made. From this medium enrichments were made, for each sample of meat, in the usual Rappaport's medium (R25), incubated at 37 degrees C, and in Muller-Kauffmanns tetrathionate broth, incubated at 43 degrees C. Moreover, an enrichment was also made in a strongly modified Rappaport's medium, containing much less malachite green (R10), incubated at 43 degrees C. The two Rappaport's media proved to be equally effective in the isolation of salmonellae and clearly more efficient, in this respect, than the Muller-Kauffmann's broth. The new Rappaport's medium (R10), incubated at 43 degrees C, has the advantage over the usuals Rappaport's and Muller-Kauffmann's enrichment media to inhibit much more considerably the growth of competing organisms than the two other enrichment media.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1977

The effect of intradermal administration of Corynebacterium parvum on the immune response to hepatitis Bs antigen.

The immunopotentiating effect of the intradermal administration of a course of four doses (0.25 ml) of a standard suspension of killed C. parvum (2 mg/ml) was studied in a group of 10 asymptomatic chronic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers, as well as in 11 persons with antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs) and six without HBsAg or anti-HBs. HBsAg, anti-HBs, and leukocyte migration inhibition (LMI) studies were performed in pre- and post-inoculation blood samples. C. parvum produced a substantial increase of anti-HBs titre in persons with preexisting anti-HBs. However, anti-HBs responses were not induced in carriers. HBsAg was not eliminated and its titre remained practically unchanged in carriers. These results support the hypothesis that in carriers the specific defect in the immune response to HBsAg possibly exists at the B cell level.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Intestinal transit in rural and urban population of Greece.

Intestinal transit times and daily stool weights were measured in 14 residents of Athens and 22 residents of a small village of Greece. Subjects in rural Greece have significantly shorter transit times (38.4 vs 56.8 hr) and heavier daily stools (172 vs 131 g) than those living in Athens. These findings may be attributable to the more refined diet of the urban Greek population and may explain the different incidence of certain bowel diseases in the urban and rural population of Greece.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Epidemiologic study of the modes of spread of viral hepatitis in Greece.

We studied the possible correlation of VH morbidity or HBsAg carrier rate with the prevalence of malaria and enteric among the 50 geographical regions of Greece. Malaria was considered as an index of mosquito density and enteric as an index of the local hygienic conditions. Morbidity data on the studied reportable diseases for the period 1954-73 and the HBsAg carrier rate (4-7%) among 17,991 recruits of the Greek Air Force, coming from all the geographical regions of Greece, were used. The statistical analysis of our data showed that VH morbidity (which is mainly hepatitis A) is significantly correlated with enteric morbidity, while HBsAg carrier rate with malaria. Our data support the significance of the role of mosquitoes in the spread of HB at least under the prevailing conditions in Greece.

Greece↗
PubMed1976

Seroepidemiological study of HBV infections in Athens, Greece.

A seroepidemiological survey of a sample-roughly representative by age and sex - of 2744 persons of the Greater Athens area revealed that hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are highly endemic in Greece. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected in 72(2-6%) of them. The subtype was identified in 70 of the 72 carriers, and 69 were ay; the other was ad. Determinant w was present in all 61 that were capable of being typed further, and a23y(w) was twice as common as a11y(w). Antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) was found in 514 (18-7%) persons. The prevalence of the HBsAg rose rapidly with age, reaching peak values (5-3%) at 20-29 years, while anti-HBs reached its highest value (42-1%) in older age groups (50-59 years). The frequency of HBsAg was significantly higher in males (3-4%) than in females (1-5%). The percentage of infected persons who become chronic HBsAg carriers (12-3%) was found higher than in other developed populations. It was also found higher in children (25%) than in adults (5-5%) and in males (14-6%) than in females (8-1%). These data indicate that HBV infection in early life is a major risk factor in the development of HBsAg carriers and support the hypothesis that males are more likely to become HBsAg carriers than females.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Geographic correlation between mortality from primary hepatic carcinoma and prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen in Greece.

Average annual age-adjusted mortality rates per 100,000 from primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) among males for 1971-1973 in the urban and rural areas of the 9 geographical regions of Greece were estimated. Hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence by region and area was evaluated in a sample of 22,844 Greek Air Force recruits from all parts of the country. Mortality from PHC was found significantly higher in urban areas (28-30 vs. 18-81) whereas prevalence of HBsAg was higher in rural areas (5-3% vs. 3-90%). Nevertheless further statistical analysis showed that there is a strong correlation between HBsAg prevalence and mortality from PHC, which is higher in rural (r = + 0-88) than in urban (+ 0-57) areas. The latter findings indicate that hepatitis B infection and PHC may be causally related.

Greece↗
PubMed1976

Induced abortion and secondary infertility.

The role of induced (and spontaneous) abortions in the aetiology of secondary sterility was investigated. Obstetric and gynaecologic histories were obtained from 100 women with secondary infertility admitted to the First Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the University of Athens Medical School and to the Division of Fertility and Sterility of that Department. For every patient, an attempt was made to find two healthy control subjects from the same hospital with matching for age, parity, and level of education. Two control subjects each were found for 83 of the index patinets. The relative risk of secondary infertility among women with at least one induced abortion and no spontaneous abortions was 3.4 times that among women without any induced or spontaneous abortions (95 per cent confidence interval 1.38-8.37). The relationship was statistically significant and indicated that in Greece, about 45 per cent of the cases of secondary infertility may be attributable to previous induced abortions.

Abortion, Induced↗