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Biomedical subjects

D Trichopoulos

Publications and source records attributed to D Trichopoulos.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Elevated urine estrogen and pregnanediol levels in daughters of breast cancer patients.

Urine levels of three major estrogens and of pregnanediol were measured for 76 nulliparous daughters of breast cancer patients and for 115 control women of similar age and parity. Concentrations of estrone and estradiol tended to be higher in the daughters of breast cancer patients than in the controls; total estrogens were elevated in both phases than in the controls; total estrogens were elevated in both phases of the menstrual cycle and significantly so in the luteal phase. There was little difference between the daughters and the controls in estriol ratios--the ratios of the concentration of estriol to the sum of the concentrations of estrone and estradiol. Pregnanediol levels were higher in the daughters than in the controls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Syphilis and gonorrhea; epidemiology update.

The epidemiologic patterns of venereal diseases (VD) in Greece were studied using data from the National Statistical Service, the University Hospital for VD and the special clinic for VD of the Ministry of Health, where prostitutes and homosexuals are examined. The main findings are as follows. Between 1962 and 1976 the frequency of both syphilis and gonorrhea declined among men as well as among women but the decline was more evident among women and among the older age groups (20+). Among men, the highest incidence is the age group 20-29 years, whereas among women the peak incidence is a little earlier. The rates for both syphilis and gonorrhea are higher in men than in women, higher in the greater Athens area than in the rest of Greece, and higher in single persons than in married one. There was a marked seasonal variation of VD with peak incidence at late summer. The decline of VD was also evident among prostitutes and male homosexuals with the exception of syphilis among uncontrolled prostitutes (increase) and male homosexuals (slight decrease).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Salmonella isolation with Rappaport's enrichment medium of different compositions.

One hundred samples of feces of normal pigs were examined for the presence of salmonellae. The feces were pre-enriched for 18 h in peptone water and then, 0.1 ml of the pre-enrichment medium was inoculated in 10 ml of the original Rappaport medium (R30), and two modifications (R25 and R10) of this medium. Two of the broths (R30 and R25) were incubated at 37 degrees C (R30/37 degrees C and R25/37 degrees C) while the R10 medium was incubated at 43 degrees C (R10/43 degrees C). In addition 100 ml of R10 medium (R10/100 ml/43 degrees C) and 100 ml of the standardized Muller Kauffmann's tetrathionate broth (MK/100 ml/43 degrees C) (Edel and Kampelmacher, 1969) were inoculated with 1 ml and 10 ml, respectively, of the pre-enrichment medium, and incubated at 43 degrees C. With the method R10/100 ml/43 degrees C, 37 samples were found positive while with the method MK/100 ml/43 degrees C only 22 positive samples were detected (P less than 0.001). With the Rappaport media in 10 ml volumes, the modification R10 yielded 26 positive samples, while the R30 and R25 broths yielded only 15 and 19 positive samples. All Rappaport procedures had a much stronger inhibition of the competing organisms, particularly those giving Salmonella-like colonies (lactose and sucrose negative), than the MK/100 ml/43 degrees C method, a fact of considerable importance in everyday's practice.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Epidemiologic characteristics and trace elements in pancreatic cancer in Greece.

Epidemiologic characteristics were studied in a sample of 50 patients with pancreatic cancer admitted at various hospitals of Athens during an 18-month period, and in 206 controls hospitalized during the same period with diagnoses other than cancer, and disorders of liver or pancreas. Trace elements (Cu, Zn, Mg) were determined in all cancer cases and in 63 controls by the Perkin-Elmer model 306 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The main findings were as follows: Cancer of the pancreas was associated with cigarette smoking (relative risk 2.7; P less than 0.05), diabetes mellitus (relative risk 2.1; P less than 0.05), and cholelithiasis (relative risk 3.5; P less than 0.05), but not with alcohol drinking (relative risk 0.7; P less than 0.20) and some other variables. There was a statistically significant increase of serum copper in patients suffering from pancreatic cancer in comparison with noncancer hospital controls. No consistent differences were found with respect to zinc and magnesium.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Alphafetoprotein levels of liver cancer patients and controls in a European population.

Serum alphafetoprotein (AFP) levels were determined by radioimmunoassay for 80 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC), 40 with metastatic liver cancer (MLC), and 204 controls; all were Caucasians of Greek nationality. Among histologically confirmed PHC cases, 62% had more than 1000 International Units per millilitre (IU/ml) AFP. Only one case with MLC (3%) exceeded 1000 IU/ml AFP, but lower elevations were not uncommon (13%). Among controls, none exceeded 40 IU/ml. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected among 6% of 17 histologically confirmed PHC patients with AFP less than 100 IU/ml and 60% of 63 PHC patients with more than 100 IU/ml of AFP (p < 0.001). Control subjects positive for HBsAg had significantly higher AFP values compared to those negative for it (P < 0.01) and male controls had slightly higher AFP values than female controls.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Hepatitis B serology in Greek prostitutes: significance of the different serum markers.

One hundred and ninety-eight prostitutes (mean age 41.8 years) and 117 control women of low socio-economic class (mean age 43.8 years) were tested by solid-phase radioimmunoassay for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), its antibody (anti-HBs) and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). The prevalence of HBsAg was higher among prostitutes (11% v. 4%, P approximately 0.06). This difference was accounted for by the higher infection rate of prostitutes to hepatitis B virus (HBV) 97% v. 45%, P less than 10(-6)), since the proportion of HBsAg carriers among those infected was practically the same between the two groups (11% v. 9%). Among the previously infected prostitutes who did not become carriers the majority (75%) were positive for both anti-HBc and anti-HBs, whereas among control women about half (52%) were positive only for anti-HBc.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Absence of an association between past infection with hepatitis A virus and primary hepatocellular carcinoma.

Serum samples from 77 caucasians of Greek origin with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) and 77 age- and sex-matched controls were tested for antibody to the hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV). Anti-HAV was detected in 63 patients with PHC (82%) and in 70 controls (91%). These data suggest that past infection with hepatitis A virus is not related to the development of PHC, in marked contrast to the strong association between PHC and HBV.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Maternal age and birth rank of women with breast cancer.

Data from a large international case-control study of breast cancer suggested that women born to young mothers had a 25% lower risk of breast cancer. The association was not secondary to a tendency for these women themselves to have had children at early ages. The data provided no indication of a meaningful association between breast cancer risk and birth rank. Confounding was controlled by stratification according to a summary confounder score.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Smoking and hepatitis B-negative primary hepatocellular carcinoma.

Smoking histories were obtained from 79 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) (of whom 40 were negative and 39 positive for serum hepatitis B surface antigen), 39 patients with liver cancer not primary in the liver (LCNP), and 204 hospitalized controls. All subjects were Caucasians of Greek nationality and residence. No significant difference in smoking habits was found between controls and either PHC patients positive for serum hepatitis B surface antigen or LCNP patients. In contrast, there was a highly significant association between smoking and PHC negative for serum hepatitis B surface antigen (P less than 10(-4)); this association was not accounted for by the greater alcohol consumption of smokers. The risk ratios were 1.3, 2.5, 3.7, and 8.4 for current smokers of 1-10, 11-20, 21-30, and 30+ cigarettes per day.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1980

Socioeconomic status, urine estrogens, and breast cancer risk.

Urine estrogens were measured in 46 women students, ages 15-18, at a middle-class high school in Athens and in 40 women of the same age residing at one of three orphanages in the same city. The lower socioeconomic status (SES) of the latter group was documented by their lower mean height (by 5.2 cm) and weight (by 5.3 kg) relative to the high school students. Both in follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle, the women with lower SES had 50% higher estriol ratios (ratio of the concentration of estriol to the sum of the concentrations of estrone and estradiol). In luteal specimens the concentration of all three major estrogens was higher in the group with low SES than in the women in the other group, but the concentration of estriol was most increased. There was also an indication of less frequent anovular cycles among the women with low SES. These findings are consistent with hypotheses linking either the estriol ratio or the frequency of anovular cycles to breast cancer risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Estrogen profiles of primiparous and nulliparous women in Athens, Greece.

Urine estrogens of 144 primiparous women and 122 nulliparous women of similar age were measured. The primiparae were at least 6 months post pregnancy. The ratio of the estriol concentration to the sum of the concentrations of estrone and estradiol (the estriol ratio) was higher among primiparous women under 25 years of age than among nulliparous women of the same age. The difference was greater in specimens collected in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle than in those collected in the follicular phase and was statistically significant (P less than 0.05, one-tailed t-test) only in the luteal phase. The high estriol ratios of the primiparous women did not decline with increasing interval after pregnancy, at least up to 24 months. Among the younger women, significantly lower levels of pregnanediol, suggestive of a higher frequency of anovular menstrual cycles, were also seen in the nulliparous women. The findings were consistent with the hypothesis that the protective effect against breast cancer of a full-term pregnancy at an early age operates either through a change in the pattern of estrogen metabolism induced by the pregnancy or through a change in the frequency of ovular cycles.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Serum immunoglobulins in a rural and an urban population of Greece with special reference to immunoglobulin A.

The serum concentration of immunoglobulins G, A, and M was studied in 390 inhabitants of a rural community and in 204 residents of an urban area of Greece. It was found that serum IgA levels were significantly higher in the rural area where intestinal infections were more prevalent. No significant difference in serum IgG was found between the two groups. IgM was found to be lower among residents of the rural area. The present findings suggest a possible ecological association between increased IgA and chronic exposure to intestinal infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Antimeningococcal antibodies in healthy mothers and their newborn (author's transl)].

Blood specimen from 180 healthy mothers and their newborn were obtained during the delivery for the evaluation of placental transfer of anti-A, anti-B and anti-C antimeningococcal antibodies. The detection of titration of antibodies were performed by passive haemagglutination. Anti-A antibodies were found in 22%, anti-B in 64%, and anti-C in 30% of the mothers. In the newborns the corresponding proportions were 4.5%, 50% and 28%. For anti-A and anti-B antibodies a moderate positive correlation was found between the titre in mothers and their newborn. For anti-A antibodies, titres were generally low among both mothers and newborn and passive transfer was found in only 20%. For anti-B antibodies, titres were higher among both mothers and their newborn. Titre in newborn was as a rule lower than the corresponding titre of mother. Placental transfer of anti-B antibodies was high (78%). Finally, a strong positive correlation between the titre of mothers and their newborn was found for anti-C antibodies. Titres were usually similar in mothers and newborns and the placental transfer of anti-C antibodies was practically free (93%).

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1979

[Sero-epidemiological characteristics of the MENINGOCOCCAL carrier state in Greece (author's transl)].

Nasopharyngeal swabs for the isolation and identification of meningococci, and blood specimens for the detection of antimeningococcal A, B and C antibodies were obtained from 341 Army and Navy recruits in the spring and autumn 1977. Samples were taken twice, at the arrival at the training camp and after 25 days. The main findings are as follows. 1) About 1/3 of the inductees at the arrival at the training camp were carriers of meningococci. Strains of serogroup B were more prevalent, followed by non-typable strains and strains of group C. After 25 days of residence in the camp the prevalence of carriers of meningococci has increased by 42%, and about half of the recruits were carriers. The prevalence of serogroup C has increased by 86%, of the non-typable strains by 48% and of serogroup B by 36%. 2) At the induction, 73% of the recruits had anti-B antibodies, whereas the corresponding figure was 33% for anti-A and 24% for anti-C. After 25 days in the camp the prevalence of anti-B antibodies was 83%, of anti-A 36% and of anti-C 47%. 3). At the induction the prevalence of meningococci B was higher among those who had no anti-B antibodies. Furthermore, the probability of a recruit who was not carrier of meningococcus B at the induction to become a carrier of meningococcus B at the second sampling was higher when he had no anti-B antibodies at the induction. Similar associations were not evident for serogroups A and C probably on account of the much smaller numbers in these groups. 4) The carrier state is associated with an increase of the titre of the corresponding antibodies.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗