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Biomedical subjects

D Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to D Taylor.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Eye movement and electrophysiological findings in an infant with hemispheric pathology.

A visually unresponsive infant had a normal ophthalmological examination. Eye-movement studies using electro-oculography revealed asymmetrical binocular smooth pursuit, binocular optokinetic nystagmus and vestibulo-ocular reflex. Electrophysiological testing showed markedly asymmetrical occipital flash and pattern visual evoked potentials. Both investigations suggested a posterior right-hemispheric problem, which was confirmed with cranial ultrasound. This case study illustrates the usefulness of non-invasive techniques in neuro-ophthalmological investigations of young children.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1993

In vitro susceptibilities of isolates of Haemophilus ducreyi from Thailand and the United States to currently recommended and newer agents for treatment of chancroid.

We determined the in vitro susceptibilities of 54 isolates of Haemophilus ducreyi from Thailand (29 isolates) and San Francisco (25 isolates) to penicillin G, tetracycline, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftriaxone, cefixime, erythromycin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Isolates were susceptible to < or = 0.25 microgram of ceftriaxone per ml, < or less 0.5 microgram of cefixime per ml, < or = 0.125 microgram of ciprofloxacin per ml, and < or = 0.06 microgram of ofloxacin per ml. Erythromycin was active against all isolates (MIC for 90% of isolates tested, 0.25 microgram/ml), as was azithromycin (MIC, < or = micrograms/ml). In contrast, all but one isolate were resistant to > or = 8.0 micrograms of tetracycline per ml, 11.1% of the isolates were resistant to and 40.9% of the isolates were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (MIC, > or = 4/76 microgram/ml.)

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1993

Isolation and location on the R27 map of two replicons and an incompatibility determinant specific for IncHI1 plasmids.

Two replicons were isolated independently from different IncHI1 plasmids. One was isolated from R27, and a second was isolated from pIP522. We demonstrate, by DNA-DNA hybridization experiments, that these maintenance regions are different and that they are specific to, and carried by, all IncHI1 plasmids tested. In view of this specificity we decided to designate the replicon isolated from R27 as RepHI1A and the replicon isolated from pIP522 as RepHI1B. These two autoreplicative regions are not related to a third replicon present in all IncHI1 plasmids that bears homology with RepFIA and that expresses the characteristic incompatibility of IncHI1 subgroup plasmids toward F factor (D. Saul, D. Lane, and P. L. Bergquist, Mol. Microbiol. 2:219-225, 1988; D. E. Taylor, R. W. Hedges, and P. L. Bergquist, J. Gen. Microbiol. 131:1523-1530, 1985). These results demonstrate that all IncHI1 plasmids tested contain at least three replicons. An incompatibility (Inc) region that hybridizes specifically to all the IncHI1 plasmids was previously isolated (M. Couturier, F. Bex, P. L. Bergquist, and W. K. Maas, Microbiol. Rev. 52:375-395, 1988). Although this Inc locus is not located in an autoreplicative region of IncHI1 plasmids, we observed that this locus stabilizes a low-copy-number replicon. This Inc locus is probably a component of an active partition locus involved in the maintenance of IncHI1 plasmids. The nucleotide sequence of the Inc region contains direct repeats of 31 bp. In addition, this incompatibility determinant hybridizes specifically with IncHI1 plasmids but expresses incompatibility toward plasmids of both IncHI subgroups (IncHI1 and IncHI2). In this communication, we present the mapping of these maintenance elements on the R27 genome.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Early treatment of juvenile xanthogranuloma of the iris with subconjunctival steroids.

Five infants with biopsy proved juvenile xanthogranuloma of the iris were reviewed. Early treatment with subconjunctival injection of steroids and topical steroid drops resulted in regression of the lesion in four patients. One patient, reviewed at the age of 8 months after glaucoma which had developed secondary to the iris xanthogranuloma, had been treated by surgery alone: the visual outcome was very poor.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1993

Delirium.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Delirium↗
PubMed1993

An isoelastic prosthesis using a new composite material.

A new particulate composite material has been assessed with regard to the design of an 'isoelastic' or 'modulus matched' hip prosthesis. Three different prototype designs were assessed, each of which consisted of a femoral component made from the composite material, attached to a metal ball via a metal 'spike' insert. The prototypes varied in terms of the detailed shape of the spike, which was modified in the light of photoelastic stress analysis, so as to produce a more acceptable stress distribution to the composite material in the proximal region. Prototypes were made by hand moulding and by transfer moulding; both methods produced defects of various kinds. Simulation tests were conducted using a model of the proximal femur constructed from glass fibre composite, cyclically loaded in a servo-hydraulic testing machine. Though some difficulties were experienced with defective mouldings, especially for the transfer moulding process, a clear improvement was demonstrated for the final (Mark III) design. The fatigue endurance of this prototype was similar to that of conventional metal prostheses tested under similar conditions. Fatigue crack propagation tests were carried out on samples of the composite material to establish its propagation threshold. These results were combined with a finite element stress analysis and fracture mechanics theory to estimate the critical crack length for fatigue in this prosthesis. It was thus possible to specify the maximum safe size of defect that could be tolerated in use.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1993

Congenital cataract, microphthalmia and septal heart defect in two generations: a new syndrome?

The association of congenital cataracts, microphthalmia and heart disease is well recognized in fetal rubella, but genetic causes are comparatively rare and recurrence risks are usually low. We describe a woman with an atrial septal defect, bilateral congenital cataracts, unilateral microphthalmia and minor dysmorphic features, originally attributed to an unidentified infection in utero, whose daughter has a similar constellation of heart, eye and facial abnormalities. This may represent a new dominantly inherited syndrome.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1993

An anthropometric study of pedophiles and rapists.

Anthropometric measurements were obtained on pedophiles (n = 23) and rapists (n = 13) who were in a forensic treatment facility. Hand grip strength was measured with a Jamar hand dynamometer. Ten separate body measurements were taken including height and weight. As an indicator of body fat, triceps skinfold thickness was obtained with calipers on the non-dominant arm. The findings provided mild support for the hypothesis that the rapists in the sample would be stronger, more muscular, and have less body fat than the pedophiles.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Solid oral dosage forms.

The oral route of drug administration is the most convenient for patients, with tablets emerging as the most popular solid oral dosage form used today. Standard compressed, controlled-release and coated tablets are the most common form of solid oral dosages. A wide range and diversity of ingredients are often included in tablet formulations. A knowledge of the difference between tablet and capsule formulations should enable nurses to improve patient compliance with respect to solid oral dosage forms.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Whiplash and temporomandibular joint dysfunction.

This article examines the relationship between Temporomandibular joint dysfunction and rear-end (whiplash) motor vehicle accidents. The clinical and statistical evidence relating TMJ damage to whiplash is reviewed. The sequence of events regarding the head, neck and jaw movements which occur in these accidents is considered. The jaw movements are discussed in detail. An analysis of the forces resulting from these movements indicates that tensile, compressive and shear forces occur which challenge the integrity of the soft tissues of the Temporomandibular joint. An overview of the mechanisms whereby damage may occur is considered. A more detailed analysis of these mechanisms will be dealt with in further articles, to evaluate the precise magnitude and direction of forces in all phases of the accident.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1992

Solid phase enzyme immunoassay of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate. Effect of coating strategy upon assay performance in comparison with radioimmunoassay.

We have evaluated two novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) used to quantitate cyclic AMP. In one assay ELISA plates are coated with antigen consisting of a cyclic AMP-polylysine conjugate. Cyclic AMP samples added to plates are quantified by their ability to decrease the binding and anti-cyclic AMP antibodies to the coated antigen. A second ELISA utilizes a plated anti-immunoglobin technique in which plates are coated first with anti-goat IgG and then with goat anti-cyclic AMP antiserum. Cyclic AMP samples are quantified by their ability to compete with cyclic AMP-peroxidase conjugates for binding to the plated anti-cyclic AMP antibodies. The plated anti-immunoglobin ELISA proved to be somewhat more sensitive than the plated antigen ELISA and was comparable in sensitivity to an automated RIA for measuring cyclic AMP in standards and urine samples. Our data fit with the generalization that optimal ELISA sensitivity is obtained through the use of plated anti-immunoglobins rather than plated antigens. Further they demonstrate the practicality of utilizing small ligand-enzyme conjugates for ELISAs.

Cyclic AMP↗
PubMed1992

Proof of differentiative mode of action of all-trans retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukemia using X-linked clonal analysis.

Using X-linked clonal analysis, mechanism of action of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) was sought in a 16-year-old female with relapsed clonally evolved acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), who achieved complete remission. On ATRA, metamorphosis of peripheral blood leukemic promyelocytes to mature neutrophils was observed, despite the persistence of t(15;17) in 100% of bone marrow metaphases. DNA was extracted from fractionated serial blood specimens, collected at diagnosis, in first complete remission (CR), relapse, and during ATRA treatment. Using a phosphoglycerokinase (PGK) probe, the patient was heterozygous for both Bgl I and Bst XI PGK polymorphisms. Methylation analysis showed monoclonal leukemic promyelocytes with a polyclonal first CR achieved by standard chemotherapy. Subsequent examination, in relapse, of granulocytes appearing during ATRA treatment showed these to be monoclonal, proving these were derived from the neoplastic clone. The X-linked clonal analysis methodology has provided in vivo evidence of cellular differentiation as the mechanism of action of ATRA. Parallel studies of cytogenetic and clonal analysis showed a regression of the t(15;17) cytogenetic abnormality and return of a polyclonal PGK methylation pattern in 5 weeks, indicating a repopulation of marrow by normal stem cells. As standard cytogenetic techniques are inappropriate for nondividing cells, X-linked clonal analysis provides a marker system to allow insight into mechanism of drug action in malignant hematologic disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Effects of precocenes on vitellogenesis in the adult female tick, Ornithodoros moubata (Acari: Argasidae).

Vitellogenin (Vg) concentrations in the hemolymph and ovarian development were studied in Ornithodoros moubata after treatment with precocenes 1 (P1) and 2 (P2). Precocene was dissolved in acetone or DMSO and topically applied to the dorsal surface of ticks: (1) at adult ecdysis; (2) 24 h before engorgement; (3) immediately after engorgement; and (4) 24 h after engorgement. Subsequently, P1 and P2 were dissolved in olive oil and injected through the gonopore into the body cavity 24 h after engorgement. Vitellogenin concentration was measured on days 5 and 10 after engorgement and ovarian development was scored on day 10, 20 or 30. Oviposition was also recorded and the average weight of eggs laid by females was determined. No differences in concentration of Vg in the hemolymph occurred between the control ticks and ticks treated topically or by injection with P1 and P2. Precocene did not suppress the synthesis of Vg in O. moubata. However, oviposition was reduced in ticks that survived repeated treatment with high doses of P2 dissolved in acetone.

Animals↗