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Biomedical subjects

D Stein

Publications and source records attributed to D Stein.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Effects of one-stage and serial ablations of the middle third of sulcus principalis on delayed alternation performance in monkeys.

Recovery of a spatial delayed alternation habit following partial frontal lesions was investigated in mature rhesus monkeys. All animals subjected to serial ablation of the middle third of sulcus principalis were found to be capable of reacquiring preoperative levels of performance on the task. However, one-stage removal of the mid-principalis region resulted in both more severe and more protracted impairments than were evident after serial surgery. These results in conjunction with previous findings suggest that recovery following serially induced neurological insult may be dependent upon the integrity of neural tissue adjacent to the locus of injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1972

A search for the spatial engram within the frontal lobes of monkeys.

Four investigations were conducted concerning the relationship between sulcus principalis and the monkey's spatial capacities. The results of the first two studies indicated that lesions limited to the middle third of sulcus principalis but including both the superior and inferior banks resulted in severe deficits on spatial delayed-alternation and plsace reversal learning. Lesions of the anterior or posterior sectors of principalis or of the periarcuate region produced only mild, if any, impairments on the same spatial tasks. The third study demonstrated that the midprincipalis sector could be differentiated from the anterior and posterior sectors of principalis on anatomical as well as functional bases. The midprincipalis sector had heavy projections to the cingulate and retrosplenial regions while the posterior third had many efferent connections with the parietal lobe. The anterior third had limited projections to the cingulate region and none to the parietal lobe. The fourth investigation demonstrated that intact neural structures could assume some spatial functions after sequential destruction of sulcus principalis. Monkeys with serial, in comparison to one-stage, bilateral ablations of sulcus principalis demonstrated normal performance on a delayed-response task and on some place reversals, and partial recovery of delayed-alternation.

Animals↗
PubMed1971

Recovery of function after serial ablation of prefrontal cortex in the rhesus monkey.

Rhesus monkeys with one-stage or serial ablation of sulcus principalis (prefrontal association cortex) were compared on three spatial tasks. On all tests, the serial monkeys made fewer errors than did the monkeys with onestage lesions. These results indicate that partial recovery of function can occur after extensive destruction of association cortex in the mature primate brain if the damage is distributed over a number of operations.

Animals↗
PubMed1970

Surgery in amoebic colitis.

The feasibility of surgery in amoebic colitis is presented by illustrative case histories in two patients. Subtotal colectomy and ileostomy were carried out for fulminating colitis in the one and exteriorization, excision, and subsequent re-anastomosis of a localized perforated area of bowel in the other. It is suggested that the place of surgery in amoebic colitis should be reappraised, particularly with the advent of modern medical and surgical methods now available. The indications for contemplating surgery in abdominal amoebiasis are outlined and a workable approach is presented.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Speech and swallowing function after oral and oropharyngeal resections: one-year follow-up.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the speech and swallowing function of surgically treated oral cancer patients improves between 1 month and 1 year after surgery. METHODS: Speech and swallowing performances were assessed for 28 men and 10 women preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively following a standardized protocol. Speech tasks included an audio recording of a brief conversation and of a standard articulation test; swallowing function was examined using videofluoroscopy. Data were also collected on the number and duration of speech/swallowing therapy sessions, as well as the amount and duration of radiotherapy. RESULTS: Statistical analyses revealed that the speech and swallowing function of surgically treated oral and oropharyngeal cancer patients did not improve progressively between 1 and 12 months postsurgery; the level of functioning that these patients demonstrated at the 1- and 3-month posthealing evaluations was characteristic of their status at 1 year after surgery. CONCLUSION: The lack of improvement between 1 and 12 months postsurgery may be related to the relatively small amount of therapy that these patients received during that period. Several outcome variables worsened significantly at the 6-month evaluation; the reversal of function at the 6-month evaluation point could be the effect of postoperative radiotherapy, because irradiated and nonirradiated patients differed in their pattern of recovery on oropharyngeal swallow efficiency and several speech variables.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perception of physical pain in accident and suicide attempt patients: self-preservation vs self-destruction.

The perception of physical pain and its relationship to psychological variables were examined in emergency-room (ER) patients who were admitted following suicide attempts or accident injuries, and in a control group of community subjects. Two pain measures, involving electric shocks, were administered to the subjects. Psychological variables included hardiness, body image, body satisfaction feelings about the body, stressful events, anxiety and depression. Suicidal subjects endured the highest number of shocks, scored lowest on the appraisal of pain, and scored lowest on psychological hardiness. Moreover, it was found that, among the suicidal subjects, the more negative the scores of psychological variables, the higher the endurance of pain. In accident victim subjects, the relationships were exactly opposite. These results were interpreted as reflecting two different core attitudes towards life under stressful circumstances: a life-destroying tendency in the suicidal subjects vs. a life-preserving tendency in the accident-victim subjects. These two core attitudes indicate different modes of defense: defensive detachment in the suicidal patients and avoidance of stress in the accident victims.

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The efficacy of amitriptyline and acetaminophen in the management of acute low back pain.

Thirty-nine patients with acute low back pain were treated with amitriptyline (150 mg/d) or acetaminophen (2,000 mg/d) in a controlled double-blind design for 5 weeks. Both groups revealed mild depression, normal coping, and increased anxiety at the beginning, with significant improvement in anxiety state and pain at the end of treatment. A repeated measures analysis of variance demonstrated that amitriptyline was more effective than acetaminophen in reducing pain intensity from the second week of treatment. Age and depression were the only significant pretreatment predictors of posttreatment pain. The study evaluates the significance of these findings.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tolerance for physical pain in suicidal subjects.

This study investigated the tolerance for physical pain in suicidal subjects. Suicidal, psychiatric nonsuicidal, and normal young males and females were administered pain measures including electric shocks, appraisal of shocks, and a measure of thermal pain. Additional study variables included diagnosis, past suicide attempts, severity of suicidal intent, and length of hospitalization. Suicidal individuals showed higher tolerance for pain and appraised the pain as less intense than the other groups, regardless of diagnosis, length of hospitalization, and motivation to participate in the study. These findings were explained as a result of dissociative processes inherent in the development of suicidal tendencies and in terms of pain management strategies.

Adolescent↗