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Biomedical subjects

D Stanley

Publications and source records attributed to D Stanley.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Physiological model for distribution of sulfathiazole in swine.

A physiological flow model was developed for the distribution of sulfathiazole residues in various tissues in swine. The approach was compartmental, in which the compartments and equilibrium constants had physiological meaning. Differential equations were developed, and appropriate parameter values and initial conditions were substituted and solved by a fourth-order Runga-Kutta technique. Simulation values corresponded with the experimentally determined concentration values in plasma and kidney, liver, muscle, fat, and heart tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Elevation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure associated with migration: the Tokelau island migrant study.

Cross-sectional univariate and multivariate analyses estimated differences between the blood pressure of adult Tokelauan migrants to New Zealand and non-migrants still living on three Polynesian atolls. Response rates were 97 and 99% in the two locations. Among males, the difference between migrants and non-migrants after adjustment for significant covariates was 7.2 mmHg systolic pressure (p less than 0.001) and 8.1 mmHg diastolic pressure (p less than 0.001). Among females, adjusted systolic pressure was not significantly higher in migrants compared to non-migrants (1.8 mmHg, p = 0.065) and diastolic pressure was only 3.0 mmHg higher (p less than 0.001). Body mass is significantly correlated with blood pressure in this study group; nonetheless, differences in body mass explain only a small proportion of the observed migrant/non-migrant differential in blood pressure. Estimates of blood pressure differences preceding migration are also reported. These indicate that blood pressure was neither consistently nor significantly higher among those who subsequently migrated. This report provides compelling evidence linking Westernization and the development of chronic disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Enkephalin action on the mesolimbic system: a dopamine-dependent and a dopamine-independent increase in locomotor activity.

Enkephalin has been identified by immunohistochemistry to be present in the vicinity of mesolimbic dopaminergic perikarya in the ventral tegmental area and axonal terminals in the nucleus accumbens. To evaluate the possibility that endogenous enkephalin may physiologically modulate the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system, the effect of microinjection of the peptidase-resistant enkephalin analog, D-Ala2-Met5-enkephalinamide (DALA), in the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens was examined. Locomotion and rearing behavior and alteration in concentration of DA and its metabolites in mesolimbic terminal areas were used to evaluate mesolimbic dopaminergic function. Microinjection of DALA into the ventral tegmental area produced a dose-dependent increase in locomotion and rearing which was antagonized by neuroleptic administration in the nucleus accumbens. Inasmuch as DALA administration into the ventral tegmentum was additive with a subthreshold dose of DA injected into the nucleus accumbens and produced a dose-related increase in 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and the 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid/DA ratio, these data are consistent with the postulate that this treatment with DALA activates the mesolimbic DA system. DALA microinjection into the nucleus accumbens also produced a dose-dependent increase in locomotion and rearing. However, this behavioral effect was shown to be independent of the mesolimbic DA system because neither neuroleptic injection into the nucleus accumbens nor destruction of the mesolimbic DA system with 6-hydroxydopamine blocked the behavioral response produced by this treatment. Furthermore, DALA injection into the nucleus accumbens did not alter nucleus accumbens levels of DA or its metabolites at 15, 30 or 60 min after injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The effect of atropine on the insulin release caused by oral and intravenous glucose in human subjects.

Oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed on normal fasting subjects, with and without atropine. Insulin release after oral glucose was significantly diminished by atropine, and this effect could not be ascribed to the drug delaying glucose absorption. However, insulin release brought about by intravenous glucose was not altered by atropine. Possible interpretations of these results are discussed.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of human serum on killing activity of vancomycin and teicoplanin against Staphylococcus aureus.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of pooled human serum (PHS) on the killing activity of vancomycin and teicoplanin against two isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from patients treated for endocarditis. DESIGN: An in vitro assessment of antibiotic susceptibility and killing rates. SETTING: An urban university teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Pooled human serum from patients treated for endocarditis. INTERVENTIONS: Two clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were obtained from patients treated for endocarditis. Media consisted of cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth alone and in 1:1 dilutions with PHS, 2-hour heat-inactivated PHS (HI-PHS), ultrafiltrate (UF), and 2-hour heat-inactivated ultrafiltrate (HI-UF). Heat inactivation of PHS and UF was accomplished by treatment at 56 degrees C for 2 hours. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Killing curves with vancomycin and teicoplanin were performed using drug concentrations of 45 micrograms/ml and a starting inoculum of approximately 1 x 10(6) colony-forming units (cfu)/ml. Bactericidal rates (-log cfu/ml/hr) were calculated from the slope of the killing curves over 0-12 hours (mean 3-8 replicates). CONCLUSIONS: The killing activity of vancomycin in PHS and HI-PHS against both isolates was significantly greater than all other media tested (p < 0.0001). Ultrafiltrate tended to reverse this enhancement effect. Addition of PHS or UF did not enhance teicoplanin's killing activity against either isolate. Further investigations in our laboratory will determine if the factor is antibiotic class or organism specific.

Blood Bactericidal Activity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Posterior surgical approaches to the elbow: a comparative anatomic study.

Triceps splitting, triceps reflecting, and olecranon osteotomy are the most common posterior surgical approaches to the adult elbow, but no comparative data exist as to the exposure provided by each approach. The aim of this study was to determine which of these approaches provides the greatest exposure of the distal humeral articular surface. Each approach was performed on 4 adult cadaveric elbows. After the completion of each approach, the visible articular surface was painted with methylene blue. The elbow was then disarticulated, and the percentage of articular surface visible was measured. The median exposed articular surface for the triceps splitting, triceps reflecting, and olecranon osteotomy approaches was 35%, 46%, and 57%, respectively. Olecranon osteotomy exposed more articular surface than the triceps splitting approach (Mann-Whitney test, P =.03) but was not significantly greater than the triceps reflecting approach. However, even the olecranon osteotomy approach failed to provide visualization of more than 40% of the distal humeral articular surface.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Restoring patency of thrombosed catheters with cryopreserved urokinase.

In order to eliminate wasting vials of urokinase, 5000 U/ml aliquots were reconstituted and frozen. The urokinase remained effective for clearing thrombosed catheters for as long as 9 months. When catheters become occluded, patency can be restored by previously frozen urokinase.

Catheterization↗
PubMedDate not supplied

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