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Biomedical subjects

D Stanley

Publications and source records attributed to D Stanley.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Simultaneous or staged bilateral total knee replacements in rheumatoid arthritis. A prospective study.

In a prospective study of 100 knee arthroplasties in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, simultaneous bilateral surgery was compared with staged bilateral replacements. All patients had improved function following their operations but those who had staged surgery only achieved maximum benefit after the second knee had been replaced. The complication rate was no greater for simultaneous surgery and we therefore advocate the method for those patients who require bilateral replacements.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1989

Vitamins A and E do protect against oral carcinoma.

Tumorigenesis requires accelerated polyamine biosynthesis, and elevated levels of ornithine decarboxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in this reaction chain. The primary goal of this study was to determine whether induction of oral cavity carcinoma by dimethylbenzanthracene was accompanied by increased ornithine decarboxylase. It has previously been demonstrated in an oral carcinogenesis model that cotreatment with vitamins A or E delayed tumor development. The second goal of this study was to determine whether this chemoprotective effect was associated with a decrease in ornithine decarboxylase activity. We found that dimethylbenzanthracene did stimulate ornithine decarboxylase. Vitamins A and E alone also stimulate ornithine decarboxylase, and this effect is additive with dimethylbenzanthracene. Use of both vitamins together prevents the additive effect of either, alone, and vitamin A inhibits the late-phase ornithine decarboxylase response to dimethylbenzanthracene in all animals. We conclude that pretreatment with vitamins A, or A and E together protects against the carcinogenic action of dimethylbenzanthracene, and that the mechanism of this protection is early truncation of the ornithine decarboxylase response to dimethylbenzanthracene.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1988

Recovery following fractures of the clavicle treated conservatively.

A consecutive series of 140 patients with fractures of the clavicle were reviewed a minimum of 3 months after their injury. All had been treated conservatively using either a figure-of-eight bandage or broad arm sling. No statistical difference was found in the speed of recovery P greater than 0.05 when these two methods of treatment were compared in patients matched for sex and age. The patient's age at the time of the injury, however, did affect recovery with 33 per cent of those over the age of 20 years still having symptoms 3 months after they had sustained their fracture. Although lateral third fractures occurred more commonly in this age group than in the younger patients, the site of fracture did not adversely affect the speed of recovery P greater than 0.05.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The mechanism of clavicular fracture. A clinical and biomechanical analysis.

A consecutive series of 150 patients with clavicular fractures is presented. In 81% detailed information regarding the mechanism of the injury was available and, of these, 94% had fractured their clavicle from a direct blow on the shoulder; only 6% had fallen on the outstretched hand. This finding, at variance with commonly held views regarding the mechanism of this injury, was further investigated by biomechanical analysis of the forces involved in clavicular fractures. The biomechanical model supported the clinical findings.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1988

Whitehead's varnish and Jelonet--a better dressing for skin graft donor sites than Jelonet alone.

Two methods of skin autograft donor site management were evaluated in 40 patients in a prospective randomised double-blind clinical trial. Donor sites were dressed using either a standard dressing of Jelonet, gauze, wool and a crêpe bandage or Jelonet, Whitehead's varnish (compound iodoform paint BPC), gauze, wool and a crêpe bandage. Donor site pain was assessed daily using a linear analogue scale, and the healing time of the donor area was recorded. Whitehead's varnish significantly reduced donor site pain compared to the standard dressing (P = 0.0006). Although overall healing time was not statistically different in the two groups, larger donor sites treated with Jelonet and Whitehead's varnish healed more quickly than those treated with the standard dressing alone.

Bandages↗
PubMed1988

The pathogenesis and treatment of rheumatoid wrist and hand deformities.

As rheumatoid arthritis progresses, pannus formation causes subchondral bone damage and later cartilage and bone destruction. Stretching of ligaments due to capsular distension causes joint instability, and infiltration. These processes are frequently responsible for deterioration in hand function. However, present surgical treatments of wrist and hand deformities allow a degree of independence.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1987

Rheumatic complaints in Tokelau. I. Migrants resident in New Zealand. The Tokelau Island migrant study.

The three Tokelau atolls are 8 degrees south of the equator. In 1966 the islands were involved in a severe hurricane which drew attention to overcrowding and led to resettlement of more than half the population in New Zealand. One thousand three hundred and eighty one migrants over 15 years old were examined in New Zealand in 1980 and 1981 for rheumatic complaints as part of a continuing assessment. Clinical criteria for osteoarthritis (COA), including crepitus in any joint and in the knee, showed an increase in prevalence with age and weight in both sexes. Partial correlation coefficient analysis showed an association of the number of affected joints or the severity of knee COA (COAK) with both age and weight. Stepwise regression showed that age was the best predictor of both COA and COAK scores. Weight had predictive value only for COAK and only in women. Using the tracking method, previous high and/or increasing weight was related to COAK observed at this assessment. Heberden nodes increased with age and were more prevalent in women but were not associated with weight. Low back, dorsal and neck pain showed no association with age or sex. Low back pain was associated with weight. Joint pain following injury occurred in 15.4% of men. Gout, more common in men, was the only frequent inflammatory arthritis found. Two definite cases of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were identified and four had criteria 1 and 2 for the New York criteria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Rheumatic complaints in Tokelau. II. A comparison of migrants in New Zealand and non-migrants. The Tokelau Island migrant study.

The migration of 1381 Tokelauans 15 years and over to New Zealand leaving 811 in Tokelau, provided a unique opportunity to test centuries of speculation on the impact of environment on rheumatic disease. There was no change in all rheumatic complaints. The migrant men had more gout, joint pain following injury, and neck pain. The migrant women had more dorsal back pain. There was no change in the prevalence of clinically defined osteoarthritis (COA) despite positive associations with weight and higher weights in the migrants. Rheumatoid arthritis was infrequent in both populations. Low back pain was common but was not more common in migrants, though compensation payments are readily available in New Zealand and are not in the Islands.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Interaction between thyrotropin-releasing hormone and the mesolimbic dopamine system.

The involvement of the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system in the excitatory behavioral effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) has been a controversial topic. In this study TRH was injected into the nucleus accumbens, lateral ventricles or ventral tegmental area and changes in spontaneous motor activity and metabolism of DA in the nucleus accumbens and striatum measured. Injection of TRH into all three areas of the brain produced an increase in photocell counts of locomotor activity and, in the nucleus accumbens, a significant decrease in photocell counts of rearing was measured. Injection of TRH into the nucleus accumbens caused a marked increase in metabolism of DA in both the nucleus accumbens and striatum. A smaller increase in metabolism of DA was also observed after injection of TRH into the lateral ventricles, but no significant change was found after intra-ventral tegmental administration of TRH. These data indicate that while TRH probably acts in the nucleus accumbens to enhance the metabolism of DA, and presumably release of DA, the excitatory behavioral effect of TRH is only partially mediated by this dopaminergic mechanism.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗