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Biomedical subjects

D Shaw

Publications and source records attributed to D Shaw.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Transient acquired blood group B antigen associated with diverticular bowel disease.

Transient acquired B red cell antigen was found in a patient with inflammatory bowel disease. Removal of the affected portion of the bowel was associated with disappearance of the B antigen. This phenomenon has usually been recorded in association with neoplasms of the bowel, but appears to be a marker for the release of bacterial enzymes into the systemic circulation associated with breakdown of the normal bowel barrier to such materials.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1987

Identification and the primary structure of equine alpha-lactalbumin B and C (Equus caballus, Perissodactyla).

The presence of two new alpha-lactalbumins has been demonstrated in the colostrum of a single mare (Equus caballus, Persian Arab). They have been designated equine alpha-lactalbumin B and C, and that isolated previously from the milk of Australian horses (English Thoroughbred) as alpha-lactalbumin A. The primary structures of B/C have been determined by automatic Edman degradation of enzymatic cleavage of the oxidized protein. Cyanogen bromide cleavage of S-carbamoyl-methylated protein provided necessary overlapping peptides. Comparison of the sequences of B and C with that of A indicates 3 and 4 amino-acid exchanges, respectively. The phylogenetic difference of equine alpha-lactalbumin B/C from bovine alpha-lactalbumin B is indicated by 39 and 40 amino-acid exchanges, respectively. The structure-function relationship, calcium binding sites and variants of alpha-lactalbumin are discussed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

beta-Lactoglobulin identified in marsupial milk. The primary structure, binding site and possible function of beta-lactoglobulin from eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus).

beta-Lactoglobulin has been isolated in the milk of the Eastern Grey Kangaroo (Macropus giganteus). This is the first time this protein has been reported to be in the milk of marsupials. The complete amino-acid sequence has been determined by spinning cup and pulsed liquid phase microsequencing of the protein and peptides after enzymatic or cyanogen bromide cleavages. The 155-residue protein is the shortest beta-lactoglobulin so far sequenced. When the kangaroo protein is included in a comparison of the members of the beta-lactoglobulin family, the percentage of residues common to all members is reduced from 33% to 13%. Despite the large number of accumulated amino-acid exchanges the protein exists as a dimer and shows higher homology to the usually very conservative dimeric, ruminant beta-lactoglobulins than to the monomeric protein from monogastrics. Half-cystine residues that form disulphide bridges are conserved. The Eastern Grey Kangaroo beta-lactoglobulin possesses significant homology in several characteristic segments thought to be important for a functional trait common to the beta-lactoglobulin family and retinol-binding proteins. Structural similarity to the retinol-binding protein is indicated by 22% of identical residues. Homology to the beta-lactoglobulins and retinol-binding proteins, the binding site and possible function based on comparative structural studies are discussed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Health promotion behaviors in nursing students.

The purpose of the study was to determine if there were significant differences in wellness behaviors in three groups of nursing students. One group of students had completed a course entitled Health Promotion Behaviors, one group had participated in a personalized health assessment program in an interdisciplinary health clinic, and one group that served as the control had no unusual treatment. The intent was to determine if either teaching strategy was more effective in promoting health behaviors. The Lifestyle Assessment Questionnaire as well as physiological parameters, such as apical pulse and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and a height/weight ratio were used to measure wellness behaviors. While the findings revealed significant differences in the treatment groups with regard to exercise and pulse rate, the overall trend was for wellness behaviors to actually decrease in all groups over the course of six months. The results are discussed with their implications for nursing education.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Hereditary copper toxicosis in West Highland white terriers.

Histologic, histochemical and atomic absorption studies on liver tissue from 71 West Highland white terriers are reported. Twenty-seven dogs had histologically normal liver and copper concentration comparable to mongrel control dogs. Forty-four dogs had hepatic copper concentrations up to 22 times the mean copper concentration found in clinically normal mongrel dogs. Hepatitis, hepatic necrosis and cirrhosis were associated with the increased copper concentration in some dogs. Matings between dogs with high liver copper concentration produced pups with high liver concentration. The copper storage defect is inherited.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

The role of clinical and biochemical criteria and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the urgent diagnosis of common bile duct stones in acute pancreatitis.

The role of clinical and biochemical criteria in predicting common bile duct (CBD) stones was analyzed in 76 patients with acute pancreatitis undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) during the same hospital admission. Forty patients had ERCP within 72 hours; cholangiography was successful in 92%. Fifty patients had biliary pancreatitis; 25 patients had CBD stones and all were successfully removed by endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES). Twenty-six patients had nonbiliary pancreatitis. Two patients had complications from ERCP and/or ES; two patients died (no CBD stones) but ERCP was noncontributory. Significant differences were found between the biliary and nonbiliary disease groups with respect to age, and bilirubin. gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, and amylase levels. The first four factors also discriminated between those patients with and without CBD stones. Logistic discriminant functions were estimated providing probabilities for the presence of CBD stones for each patient but were too cumbersome for clinical use. A simple scoring system was devised on the basis of cut-off levels: bilirubin greater than or equal to 40 mumol/L, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase greater than or equal to 250 IU/L, alkaline phosphatase greater than or equal to 225 IU/L, and age greater than or equal to 70 years, indicating CBD stones. Bilirubin alone had a sensitivity and specificity of 80%; the specificity increased to 93% with all four factors. These results suggest that clinical and biochemical criteria and ERCP and/or ES may have important roles in the management of patients with suspected biliary pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Four restriction fragment length polymorphisms revealed by probes from a single cosmid map to chromosome 19.

We have discovered and characterized a compound polymorphic locus on chromosome 19, defined by an arbitrary genomic DNA segment cloned into a cosmid vector. Four different restriction fragment length polymorphisms with minor allele frequencies equal to or greater than 10% are revealed by Southern hybridization of subclones of cosmid 1-13 with TaqI, MspI, BamHI, and HindIII digests of human DNAs. Seventy-two percent of unrelated individuals are heterozygous at one or more loci, and seven of the 24 possible haplotypes occur with frequencies of 3%-38%. Using a somatic cell hybrid panel, we have mapped this locus to 19p13.2----19q13.3, whereas in situ hybridization suggests the probe is on 19p. Taken together, these results suggest localization to 19p13.2----19cen. The locus revealed by probes from cosmid 1-13 has been designated D19S11.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

High-dose intravenous therapy with immune globulin before delivery for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

A 15-year-old girl with a 9-year history of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura resistant to high-dose steroid therapy and to splenectomy was admitted to hospital at 35 weeks' gestation with a platelet count of 10 X 10(9)/L. The bleeding time was normal, and measures of platelet aggregation were nearly so. Treatment with high intravenous doses of polyvalent immune globulin led to a rise in the platelet count to more than 110 X 10(9)/L within 5 days. An elective cesarean section was performed through the lower uterine segment with good hemostasis. After delivery the platelet count fell to its former level, but no postpartum bleeding occurred. There was a brief episode of thrombocytopenia in the infant, with some petechiae but no other hemorrhagic manifestations. No untoward effects of the immune globulin infusion were observed in either mother or daughter.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Pharmacokinetics of iohexol, a new nonionic radiocontrast agent, in humans.

Sixteen healthy men received iohexol intravenously at a concentration of 346 mg of iodine/mL. Doses of 500, 750, 1000, and 1500 mg of iodine/kg of body weight were administered to four volunteers each. Neither clearance nor percent of dose excreted in the urine showed any significant correlation with size of the dose. The overall mean (+/- SD) renal and total body clearances were 120 +/- 18.6 and 131 +/- 18.6 mL/min, respectively. The overall mean apparent volume of distribution was 165 (+/- 30.7) mL/kg. Urine contained 92.3 +/- 4.4% of the dose. Most of the drug (89.9%) was excreted within the first 12 h. An open three-compartment body model gave the best fit to the experimental data. The mean apparent first-order terminal elimination (gamma-phase) half-life was 12.6 h.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

31P NMR studies of resting muscle in normal human subjects.

Study of human tissues using 31P topical Magnetic Resonance is completely atraumatic; it allows simultaneous measurement of the concentrations of many important metabolites and of intracellular pH. In some critical situations, TMR yields more accurate results than those obtained by chemical analysis of tissue biopsies. We have shown that TMR can be calibrated to obtain quantitative measurements in human subjects. We have also shown that theories of control of glycolysis based on regulation by key metabolites of rate-limiting enzymes are inconsistent with the observed changes in intact muscle.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1983

Cytogenetic findings in over 2000 amniocenteses.

Between 1971 and 1981, 58 (2.8%) of 2037 amniocenteses performed in Vancouver revealed chromosome abnormalities, 25 of which were trisomy 21. Of the 58 referrals that yielded abnormalities, 37 (63.8%) were for a maternal age of 38 years or more. The rates of detection of such abnormalities for single-year intervals of maternal age beyond 35 years were comparable to those calculated from pooled data obtained in multicentre studies in the United States, Canada and Europe.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed1983

Chelation therapy.

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Arteriosclerosis↗