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Biomedical subjects

D Shapiro

Publications and source records attributed to D Shapiro.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Animal and cellular models of Gaucher's disease. I. Refractoriness of thio analogs of glucocerebroside to enzymatic hydrolysis.

In order to develop a nonmetabolizable analog of glucocerebroside to investigate the distribution and accumulation of this lipid in model systems, thiohemiacetal derivatives were synthesized and their susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis by purified human placental glucocerebrosidase was examined. Sulfur analogs were found to be completely refractory to the activity of this enzyme, indicating their potential use in animal and isolated cell models and possibly for the preparation of affinity chromatography columns for the isolation of glucocerebrosidase.

Cerebrosides↗
PubMed1985

Psychotherapy and subjective experience.

It is our aim in psychotherapy to introduce the neurotic person to himself. He is in some sense cut off from certain of his feelings, wishes and intentions as a result of internal conflict and, in fact, he is cut off from the nature of that conflict itself, sometimes even from an awareness of its existence. He experiences the symptoms of that conflict but he is in no position to resolve it. Our aim, however, is not to introduce the neurotic person to himself merely in the sense of informing him about the existence, nature or history of such conflict; that would probably not help him much more than telling him his diagnosis. It is rather to actually enlarge his experience of himself, specifically to enlarge his experience of and to make articulate the feelings and thoughts involved in that conflict and in this way to create the conditions for its resolution. I wish to propose that the effectiveness of this process depends upon the recognition or articulation by the therapist of feelings or thoughts of the patient that are in a certain sense already conscious, are actually within conscious subjective experience, yet are not and for certain dynamic reasons cannot be fully articulated or recognized by the patient himself. In proposing this--I shall give an example in a moment--I am calling attention to a kind of self-estrangement and a level of subjective experience and mental activity that, though I believe perfectly well known to all of us, are not distinguished by the traditional psychoanalytic division of mental processes into conscious, preconscious and unconscious.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effects of alterations in cellular iron on biosynthesis of the transferrin receptor in K562 cells.

Treatment of K562 cells, a human erythroleukemia cell line, with desferrioxamine raised the levels of the receptor for transferrin (Tf) two- to threefold over that of the control cells. The levels of receptor were reduced by at least 50 and 35% of that of the control in cells treated with diferric Tf and ferric ammonium citrate, respectively. These changes were of total cellular receptors with no alteration in the proportion of receptors found on the cell surface. The half-lives of the receptor were identical in cells treated with desferrioxamine, diferric Tf, or ferric ammonium citrate. Cells metabolically labeled with [35S]methionine showed a 2.5-fold increase in the rate of receptor synthesis when treated with desferrioxamine and a 35 and 65% decrease when treated with ferric ammonium citrate and diferric Tf, respectively. In vitro translations of polyadenylated mRNA isolated from cells incubated with desferrioxamine showed a 2.5-fold increase in translatable mRNA for the receptor, whereas treatment of cells with ferric ammonium citrate and diferric Tf resulted in a 25 and 50% reduction, respectively, in translatable mRNA for this receptor.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1985

Effect of oxygen on aqueous humor dynamics in rabbits.

A study was made in albino rabbits of the effect on aqueous humor dynamics of 100% oxygen, administered by face mask. A mean decrease in intraocular pressure of 4.9 mm Hg was found. This was accompanied by a decrease in episcleral venous pressure of 4.5 mm Hg. Anterior chamber aqueous humor flow decreased transiently after oxygen administration but returned to pre-oxygen levels after about 60 min. It was concluded that the sustained decrease in intraocular pressure which was caused by oxygen was secondary to the decrease in episcleral venous pressure and not to a decrease in the production of aqueous humor.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Heart rate biofeedback and cold pressor pain: effects of expectancy.

The study investigated the effects of expectancy on the reduction of cold pressor test pain using heart rate biofeedback training. Thirty-six male subjects were given an initial 45-sec cold pressor test, 25 heart rate decrease feedback training trials, and a final cold pressor test in which they were told to decrease their heart rate, but without the aid of feedback. Two levels of outcome expectancy (increase pain, decrease pain) and two levels of cold pressor water temperature (0 degrees C, 5 degrees C), resulting in four groups (N = 9 per group), were used to assess the interaction between expectancy and aversive stimulus intensity. Immediately prior to the final cold pressor test, the increase pain expectancy subjects were told that decreasing their heart rate during the ice water immersion would cause more pain. Decrease pain subjects were told that decreasing their heart rate would cause less pain. Expectancy was found to be the major determinant of pain reports. The decrease pain subjects consistently reported less pain on the final cold pressor, whereas the increase pain subjects consistently reported more pain. Contrary to prediction, expectancy effects were greater for the colder water. The findings indicate the importance of expectancy in the clinical use of biofeedback to control pain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Heart-rate reactivity to cold pressor stress following biofeedback training.

Three previous studies have shown that biofeedback training is useful in modifying heart-rate and pain ratings during ice water stimulation (cold pressor test). Subjects were given an initial cold pressor followed by heart-rate biofeedback training and a final cold pressor test in which they were instructed to control their heart rate in accordance with the prior training. It was assumed that a heart-rate control skill had been learned. In the present study, two groups of subjects (N = 9 each) were given either increase or decrease heart-rate biofeedback training following the same procedures as previously, but subjects were not instructed to control their heart rate during the final cold pressor test. Heart rate, skin conductance, electromyographic activity, and respiration were measured. The biofeedback training effects replicate the previous results. However, no heart-rate or pain rating differences were found between the two groups during the final cold pressor test. Thus, previous findings cannot be accounted for simply by a shift in heart rate and/or pain reactivity following training itself. The findings suggest that a biofeedback strategy may be useful in modifying physiological and subjective responses to painful stimuli but only if it can be used as an active coping skill.

Adolescent↗