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Biomedical subjects

D Scholz

Publications and source records attributed to D Scholz.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity, HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A in serum of patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis.

In comparison with a control group, significantly lower lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activities and HDL-cholesterol values were found in the serum of patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis, while apolipoprotein A concentration remained unchanged. Reduced activity of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase is an indication of the abnormal cholesterol metabolism in haemodialysed patients and could be, in addition to other factors, an explanation for the high incidence of cardiovascular diseases in this patient group.

Apolipoproteins↗
PubMed1980

Spontaneous rupture of cadaver kidney allotransplants: how successful is a repair? Report of 22 cases and review of the literature.

Spontaneous rupture of the transplanted cadaver kidney is not rare in the early posttransplant period. Experience with this complication in 22 of 364 kidney transplantations performed from 1968 to 1978 is reviewed. Rupture is associated with typical symptoms and immediate exploration is mandatory. If the diagnosis and surgical repair is delayed for more than 24 h, the outcome is poor. This study emphasizes the possibility and necessity of conservation and repair of the ruptured allograft. In 15 out of 22 cases of rupture, graft repair was performed and normal graft function could be restored with long-term success in 11 of the 15 cases.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1980

An optimized assay of alanine aminopeptidase activity in urine.

Elaboration of an optimized kinetic test for urinary alanine aminopeptidase at 37 degrees C is described. As final concentrations, 50 mmol/L tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane x HCl buffer, pH 7.8, and 2 mmol/L alanine-4-nitroanilide are proposed. Five- to sixfold activitiy is obtained as compared with a generally used test procedure. Coefficients of variation for the method (within-run and between-day precision) ranged from 1.56 to 3.45%. Men excreted more alanine aminopeptidase than did women if urinary volume or urinary timed volume was used as basis of reference. We saw no sex-related differences in excretion of alanine aminopeptidase when enzyme excretion was related to urinary creatinine.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Intravenous glucose tolerance and islet cell function following pancreatic duct occlusion in rats (author's transl)].

Microsurgery, intraductal pancreatic occlusion by an Ethibloc bolus and intravenous glucose load in the rat enable investigations to be made into the feed-back relationships between occlusion-induced acinar atrophy and the response of the islet hormones insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and glucose tolerance. Thirteen days after duct occlusion the latter is moderately delayed from 40-60 min, serum insulin is lowered, plasma somatostatin unchanged, and plasma glucagon moderately elevated, as compared with sham-operated control animals. It is suggested that the employed experimental conditions reveal an exo-endocrine pancreatic functional axis, but that the results obtained are not representative for states with an intact entero-insular axis.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Urolithiasis - a review of pathophysiology, diagnostic procedures and therapy (author's transl)].

The present state of knowledge of the pathophysiology of urolithiasis and the assignment to subgroups according to varying aetiology is outlined. In addition, a diagnostic programme is insight proposed which has proved of value in ambulatory patients attending specialist departments. It permits into the underlying disturbances and may be considered a prerequisite for effective treatment. It is suggested that this general scheme of clinical investigation is a reasonable basis to the medical care of patients with urinary calculi.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

[Organ preservation and long-term function after spontaneous rupture of kidney transplant].

The spontaneous rupture of the transplanted kidney is no rare complication of the early postoperative period after human allotransplantation of a kidney. From 1968 to 1980 434 kidney transplantations were performed. It is reported on 26 spontaneous ruptures. Typical symptoms characterize the appearance and an immediate surgical treatment is then necessary. A retardation of the diagnosis and of the operative treatment by more than 24 hours is accompanied by a clear deterioration of the prognosis of the transplant. We report on the possibility and necessity of the preservation of the organ and the suturing of the rupture of the transplant, which was done in 19 cases. Following to this 15 ruptures kidneys began their function and the recipients live for 3 months up to nearly 7 years with their transplant.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

[Efficacy of thiazide in idiopathic calcium urolithiasis. Results of a one-year double-blind study (author's transl)].

In a one-year double-blind study, the efficacy of hydrochlorothiazide was tested in 51 out-patients with recurrent calcium lithiasis. In the group to which thiazide had been administered, urinary calcium was significantly and lastingly reduced (p < 0.001 in fasting and daily urine), in the placebo group, however, it remained unaltered. Total serum calcium was unspecifically raised in both groups (protein-bound fraction) since ionized and ultrafiltrable calcium remained unchanged and parameters for parathyroid gland function tended to be reduced. The daily oxalate excretion in the urine was reduced in both groups during treatment and most expressedly in the placebo group (p < 0.05), which indicates an influence of unspecific factors. Activity products of calcium oxalate and brushite were reduced in both groups almost equally within the metastable region. In each group, 6 patients spontaneously developed kidney stones while treated. Our data indicate that effective reduction of urinary calcium by means of hydrochlorothiazide without dietary sodium restriction is possible and that causes other than urinary calcium must account for stone formation under thiazide administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Gastrinemia, serum minerals and calciotropic hormones following highly selective vagotomy in duodenal ulcer patients. Results of a 1-year study.

Duodenal ulcer patients with normal (n = 36) or increased (n = 24) gastric acid production during maximal pentagastrin stimulation, were examined preoperatively and at different intervals (up to 1 year) after highly selective vagotomy (HSV). Fasting levels of gastrin, parathormone, calcitonin, proteins, calcium and magnesium fractions, inorganic phosphate and alkaline phosphatase were determined in serum, those of glucagon in plasma. Both types of patients have the same gastrin levels preoperatively (approx. 36 pg-equiv./ml). Magnesium and alkaline phosphatase are significantly higher in patients with a normal secretory response than in those with hypersecretion. The postoperative gastrin increase is significantly higher in the former than in the latter, while postoperative glucagon levels drop in both groups. The analysis of calcium fractions and the dissociation constant did not show any HSV-mediated change in calcium metabolism. The magnesium levels, however, are lower one year after the operation than in the pre-operative period in patients with normosecretion. In this group parathormone and calcitonin remain unchanged while in patients with a hypersecretory response a slight (parathormone) or moderate (calcitonin) tendency towards low values can be recognized in the post-operative period. We conclude that the duodenal ulcer patients probably belong to groups with different pathophysiological behaviour which do not have identical reactions to HSV. Imbalances in the metabolism of minerals and that of related hormones could not be demonstrated up to one year after HSV.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Effective treatment of urolithiasis requires metabolic classification (author's transl)].

A diagnostic program for the metabolic classification of urolithiasis is proposed on the basis of pathophysiologic mechanisms. It allows categorization of patients in various subgroups, which is a prerequisite for the different regimens of non-surgical treatment. The characteristic clinical and biochemical features underlying this classification are outlined.

Calcium↗
PubMed1979

[Use of gen5 and gen6 ts-mutants of phage T3 as indicators of inhibitors of DNA synthesis].

In an enzyme-specific drug screening system nalidixic acid and 3'-FTdR, inhibitors of DNA synthesis, both reduce the growth of wild type and temperature-sensitive point mutants of phage T3 with different efficiencies. The wild type shows the strongest sensitivity against the drugs, while an exonuclease mutant is the most insensitive variant. The DNA polymerase mutants exhibit an intermediate degree of inhibition. The anthracycline antibiotics violamycin BI and adriblastin which preferentially inhibit RNA synthesis show the same degree of inhibition for all mutants. This is true also for the RNA synthesis inhibitor lambdamycin, which is identical with chartreusin. The protein synthesis inhibitors chloramphenicol and o-phenanthroline, a chelating agent, impair all mutants to the same extent. Our data confirm the hypothesis that structural variants of essential viral enzymes, when compared with the wild type should reveal different sensitivities against specific inhibitors and show that this T3 system could be used for the indication of specific inhibitors of DNA synthesis.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1979

[Differences in sensitivity of T3, T7, T4 and lambda phages to bleomycin and phleomycin].

In contrast to phage lambda the phages T3, T7 and T4 are not inhibited by as much as 150 microgram bleomycin/ml, while the chemically related antibiotic phleomycin increasingly inhibits the propagation of the phages in the order T4-T3-lambda. 20 microgram phleomycin/ml inhibit T3 by 95%. The resistance against bleomycin is surprising, because 10 microgram BM/ml block completely the colony-forming capacity of the host bacterium. The drug resistance of the phage growth correlates with the weak decrease of phage DNA synthesis, while the host cell DNA synthesis ceases rapidly. In accordance with these data is the in vivo inhibition of Escherichia coli cells and the in vitro degradation of their DNA. However, a contradiction exists between the in vivo resistance of T3 and T4 and the in vitro susceptibility of their DNA against nucleolytical fragmentation by bleomycin. The mechanism of the insensitivity of T3, T7 and T4 against bleomycin is unknown.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1979

Composition of renal stones and their frequency in a stone clinic: relationship to parameters of mineral metabolism in serum and urine.

Stone analyses (kidney, upper urinary tract) of the department of Urology, University of Erlangen, from a four-year-period (1974-1977) have been recorded with emphasis to stone composition, sex and age of the pertinent stone forming patients. During this time period there were no substantial changes as regards the per cent frequency of the various stone types. The most frequent type was calcium oxalate (CaOx), followed by uric acid, calcium phosphate (CaP), struvite and cystine. Stone analyses were mostly requested for patients between 46 and 55 years of age. Stone incidence in our clinic is calculated to be 1.22 times higher in males than females, especially beyond 36 years of age. The frequency peaks are: pure (= 100 per cent) CaOx 36-45 years; CaOx with additional mineral phases (mostly CaP) 46-55 years; uric acid 56-65 years; CaP 26-35 years. From those patients who underwent further investigations in searching for metabolic abnormalities serum concentrations, urine mineral clearances in fasting urine samples, and activity products of stone forming mineral phases in sequentially collected specimens from 24 h and 2 h fasting urine had been measured and compared with values from healthy control subjects. In urolithiasis (idiopathic) there is a normal parathyroid hormone blood level, a generally lower serum inorganic phosphate and magnesium concentration. In pure (= 100 per cent) CaOx and uric acid lithiasis serum uric acid and creatinine are higher than in controls, urine pH and calcium clearance in some groups are different too. Clearances of magnesium, uric acid, phosphate, sodium are within normal limits in urolithiasis. When expressing the propensity to form stones in terms of activity products, then only uric acid lithiasis deviates substantially from normal. All other stone types differ only slightly or not at all from each other and controls respectively. It is concluded that 1) in our geographic region the various stone types prevail in different age periods; 2) there are distinct alterations of parameters of mineral metabolism in urolithiasis; 3) measuring urine clearances may lead to assume falsely normal mean urine excretion of stone forming constituents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Clinical experiences in the Gambro-preservation unit: analysis of 101 human cadaver kidneys.

101 human cadaver kidneys were preserved by means of hypothermic pulsatile perfusion in the Gambro perfusion unit with human albumin as perfusate. Perfusate flow and some biochemical parameters were assessed during perfusion and correlated with renal function after transplantation. There is a good correlation between perfusate flow and recovery of physiological renal function. LDH released to the perfusate as viability test is of limited value: a direct correlation was only found between LDH activity and perfusion time, and LDH activity and ischemia time. Determination of pH and lactic acid level 1 h after beginning of perfusion is without practical value according to our experience. The quality of albumin in perfusion solution influences the immediate graft function.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Creatine kinase isoenzyme BB in serum of patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis and with kidney transplant.

The activity of creatine kinase isoenzyme BB (CK-BB) was determined in serum of healthy adults and in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and with kidney transplant. In the healthy adults examined, an activity of 0.56 +/- 0.16 U/l (mean +/- SD) was found. The arithmetic mean of CK-BB activity in patients with renal insufficiency under hemodialysis was 1.42 +/- 0.87 U/l and differed from that of the healthy group. The CK-BB activity in patients with kidney transplant was not different from that of the control group. The occurrence of CK-BB in serum is discussed from diagnostic and methodological point of view.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Late prognosis in acute posttransplant renal failure in 102 patients.

An ivestigation was made of the effect of the duration of posttransplant renal failure on the late prognosis of graft as well as patient survival and on the frequency of complications in 102 patients who had a functioning graft at three months after transplantation. A direct correlation was found between duration of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and the late prognosis of the graft. The creatinine clearance was significantly higher and the frequency of complications was lower in the group with immediate resumption of renal function. The mortality rate increased with the duration of ATN.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1979

[Reproduction following kidney transplantation (author's transl)].

Reported in this paper are the first two pregnancies and childbirths in the GDR following kidney transplantations. The point is made that pregnancy following kidney transplantation should remain to be a rare exception, though the courses were favourable in both cases described. Reference is made to most suitable forms of anticonception.

Adult↗