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Biomedical subjects

D Schmidt

Publications and source records attributed to D Schmidt.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Blood pressures in gestosis patients under general anaesthesia following hypotensive treatment (author's transl)].

A retrospective evaluation was made of the blood pressures of 131 patients with hypertensive late gestosis who had undergone caesarean section for maternal or foetal indications, between 1971 and 1977. Rauwolfia preparations should be avoided in both long-term and acute hypotensive treatment of late gestosis patients not only for their unfavourable impact upon circulation at large, but also for their cumulative effects in terms of drastic depression of blood pressure in case of anaesthesia necessary for whatever reason. Acute hypotensive-sedative treatment should be discontinued and resumed, only if necessary, not until anaesthesia is over following surgical termination of pregnancy. Imminent eclamptic fit would be the only exception acceptable. Anaesthesia should be induced, using the base anesthetic propanidid which worked extremely well in terms of circulatory stabilisation. It is obviously superior to barbiturates in that particular respect.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1979

[Cerebromeningeal fibroxanthoma. A case report].

This is a report on an almost seven-year-old girl with a histologically evident fibroxanthoma of the leptomeninx and dura mater cerebri. To the authors' knowledge, this is the fifth case of an intracranial fibroxanthoma reported in the literature. Histologically, the tumor consists of close-lying pleomorphic cells and giant multinuclear cells with vacuolate or homogeneous eosinophilic cytoplasm and fusiform cells occasionally arranged in meningeoma-like whorls. The experience gathered thus far shows that, so far as intracranial fibroxanthomata are concerned, predictions or conclusions regarding the course of disease and the probability of recovery should be made with reservation only.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

[Idiopathic blepharospasm. Clinical and electrophysiological investigations in 27 patients (author's transl)].

Idiopathic blepharospasm is reexamined and the differential diagnosis discussed on the basis of the signs and symptoms of 27 unpublished cases. As in tardive dyskinesia, middle-aged and elderly women are mostly affected. Contrary to general opinion, spontaneous improvement occurred in about one-fifth of the patients. The habituation of the orbicularis oculi reflexes (investigated electromyographically) was diminished in 52% of the patients. These and other symptoms indicate an organic cerebral lesion as the main cause of the disease. Similarities existing between blepharospasm and torticollis spasticus are discussed.

Basal Ganglia Diseases↗
PubMed1978

Co-activation of the M. transversus auris with eye movements (Wilson's oculo-auricular phenomenon) and with activity in other cranial nerves.

Extreme lateral gaze induces a perceptible backward movement of the upper part of the pinna (Wilson, 1908). In 29 subjects (15 normal controls and 14 patients with peripheral eye-muscle or facial paresis) electromyographic (EMG) investigation of the transverse auricular muscle with simultaneous electronystagmographic (ENG) recording of the various ocular movements was carried out. Tonic activity was detected in the transverse auricular muscle during extreme horizontal eye movements, but was detected in only a few subjects during convergent or vertical movement of the eyes, or in the primary position. Investigation of the other cranial nerves revealed that EMG activity of the transverse auricular muscle is also occasionally present during chewing, coughing, swallowing, straining, inspiration, and vestibular stimulation.

Cranial Nerves↗
PubMed1978

[Epidemiology of primary bronchus cancer from which the African Negro suffers (author's transl)].

The study of 86 cases collected along 5 years regarding the primary bronchus cancer from which the African Negro in Abidjan suffers, points out the recent increase of this pathology, the predominating epidermolid histological type, the fact that men reaching a critical age of 45 years old are mostly concerned and especially those living in the rural areas. Because of the absence of industrial pollution and occupational exposure in Ivory Coast, the very important relation between bronchus carcinoma and smoking cigarettes is suggested.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1978

Saccadic system plasticity in humans.

A subject with a medial rectus paresis secondary to a partial third nerve palsy was forced to use the affected eye for six days while the good eye was constantly patched. Saccadic eye movements were carefully measured each day; the grain increased, with a time constant of 0.85 day. The patch was then switched to the paretic eye and the gain decreased, with a time constant of 0.85 day. The patch was then switched to the paretic eye and the gain decreased, with a time constant of 1.54 days. This demonstrated central nervous system plasticity of the pulse and step of neural activity responsible for the generation of saccades in the adult human. In addition to gain changes, postsaccadic drift velocity and saccadic velocity/amplitude relationship alterations during the patching are reported. A major conclusion that can be drawn from analysis fo these data is that the gain changing is accomplished by pulse width changes rather than pulse height (firing frequency), which was not markedly altered.

Eye Movements↗
PubMed1978

[Oculomotor signs in cerebellar disease shown in ataxia telangiectasia (Louis Bar) (author's transl)].

Disturbances of the eye movements are described in 2 brothers with ataxia telangiectasia (Louis Bar): pathological smooth pursuit and command movements of the eyes (hypometry) with a preseved doll's phenomenon, increased reaction times of voluntary saccades, failure of gaze holding, gaze nystagmus, altered optokinetic nystagmus, and distinct convergence defect. These oculomotor defects are the result of cerebellar lesions. The E.N.G.-findings in pathologically changed pursuit movements are in accordance with those disturbances of eye movements shown by Westheimer and Blair in cerebellectomized monkeys.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Development of tolerance of phenobarbital after administration over several days (author's transl)].

In mice daily testing by maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole infusion (PTZ) 2 h after an i.p. injection of 25 mg/kg penobarbital (PB) was performed on days 1, 2, 4 through 8. The first twitch was delayed as compared to NaCl controls (50.4 +/- 4.8 s; 36.6 +/- 3.6 s; n = 53) on day 2, 4, 6 through 8. There was no tolerance of the PTZ induced tonic extension with Pb-treatment. In contrast, MES-tested mice developed tolerance, at day 5 the number of protected animals fell to about 50%. In view of the constant phenobarbital levels in plasma, a functional tolerance was assumed. The development of tolerance seemed to be connected with the spread of the discharge but not with discharge of the neurones themselves since it was observed only with MES but not wih PTZ-testing.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Rehabilitation training with chronic mental patients (author's transl)].

In a half-way house a behaviorally oriented rehabilitation training with chronic schicophrenics, hospitalized more than 12 years averagely, was conducted and evaluated. With interviews it was systematically investigated with what kind of difficult situations a patient is confronted at discharge and which behavioral competencies are therefore especially needed. Behavior therapy with the main components of instruction, behavior rehearsal and social reinforcement changed the behavior of the patients significantly. A general plan for diagnosis and training of competencies is developed that can be applied to structure the training of the staff in educational-therapeutic behavior as well as the training of the patients themselves.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1978

The stability of children's fears.

The stability of fears in a group of 27 fourth-grade children over a 1-year period was investigated. The fears were obtained by individual interview and were coded according to the categories of Jersild and Holmes. The kinds of fears expressed by the children were similar to those found in other surveys. These fears were also found to be highly stable both in number and in kind. The implications of this high stability were discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1978

[Light-and electron microscopic appearances of the orbicularis oculi muscle in patients with chronic progressive ocular muscular dystrophy and in normal persons (author's transl)].

In 8 patients with chronic progressive ocular muscular dystrophy, of whom some showed a weakness of lid closure, and in 3 normal persons (aged 62 to 69 years) biopsies of the orbicularis oculi muscle were investigated with the light- and electron microscopes. We tried to find out if the histopathological investigation alone of the orbicularis oculi muscle can establish the diagnosis of ocular muscular dystrophy or not. Both groups of investigated persons showed myopathic changes in the orbicularis oculi muscle. These changes were explained as followings of catabiosis (so called "secondary myopathic reaction") in the normal persons. The changes of the patients with myopathies, however, were explained as primarily myopathic, especially with regard to the anomalies of structure, and the pathological inclusions of the mitochondria. The findings showed that there occurred similar histopathological phenomena seen by light microscope in both groups of investigated persons; the muscle cell changes of the myopathy patients, however, were more prominent in the examination of the ultrastructure.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Amphetamine-haloperidol interactions in rat striatum: failure to correlate behavioral effects with dopaminergic and cholinergic dynamics.

Previous reports have suggested that the hyperactivity and stereotypy produced by amphetamine (AMP) and the catalepsy produced by haloperidol (HAL) are mediated by striatal dopaminergic mechanisms. In the present study, we have measured the behavioral effects of AMP and HAL, and their effects on striatal dopaminergic function, using both an index of pre-synaptic activity (synaptosomal dopamine (DA) synthesis) and a parameter which we suggest will reflect post-synaptic dopaminergic function (sodium-dependent, high affinity choline uptake). Administration of 2 mg/kg AMP produces hyperactivity and causes a decrease in DA biosynthesis, both of which are blocked by 0.75 mg/kg HAL. AMP (5 mg/kg) produces stereotypy, further decreases DA biosynthesis and causes a decrease in choline uptake, consistent with stimulation of DA receptors. However, while pretreatment with 3 mg/kg HAL completely blocked the stereotypy induced by 5 mg/kg AMP it failed to reverse the effects of this dose on either DA biosynthesis or choline uptake. These data suggest that either 5 mg/kg AMP affects straital dopaminergic and cholinergic parameters by a mechanism independent of HAL sensitive receptors, or the stereotypy produced by high doses of AMP are not related to striatal dopaminergic and cholinergic function.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1977

[Plasma concentrations after injection or infusion of phenytoin (author's transl)].

Intravenous injection of 3 mg/kg phenytoin produced plasma concentrations of 4.2 mug/ml in five volunteers, which were below the concentration of 10-20 mjg/ml necessary for effective antiarrhythmic and antiepileptic treatment. Intravenous injection of 250 mg phenytoin followed by infusion of 750 mg phenytoin in a mean dosage of 1.7 mg/kg x h in nine patients with epilepsy produced plasma concentrations of 10.2 resp. 15.1 mug/ml after 4 resp. 8h. An oral maintenance therapy of 5-6 mg/kg is suggested. Therapeutic plasma concentrations were rapidly reached with this regimen.

Adult↗