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Biomedical subjects

D Schmidt

Publications and source records attributed to D Schmidt.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Pleuropulmonary manifestations in amebiasis. Sixty-one cases seen in Abidjan over a three-year period (author's transl)].

Sixty-one observations of pleuropulmonary amebiasis are reported with a detailed analysis of radioclinical features In 13.1% of the cases there were no clinical signs of associated hepatic involvement. Diagnostic difficulties were encountered in 42.6% of the cases which were suggestive of bacterial pleuropulmonary disease, tuberculosis or carcinoma. Serologic tests for amebiasis, which were positive in 95% of the cases, are very helpful diagnostic tools. Metronidazole and its derivatives were used in 80% of the cases with satisfactory results: death occurred in 3.5% of the cases and good short-term results in 84.6%. Sequelae were mainly observed after amebic empyema which resulted in chronic pleural disorders in 27.7% of the cases.

Amebiasis↗
PubMed1982

Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney. Histopathology, ultrastructure and comments on differential diagnosis.

Clinical and histopathological features of two cases of malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney are presented. One of these cases was also studied by electron microscopy. Histologically, both tumors consisted of an admixture of undifferentiated polygonal or elongated cells and cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm frequently containing hyaline globular structures. Ultrastructurally, these cytoplasmic inclusions were composed of large masses of actin-size and intermediate-size filaments. The poor prognosis of this type of tumor is emphasized and histological criteria for differential diagnosis from other malignant renal tumors of childhood and adolescence are discussed.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1982

Comparative analysis of physiologic responses to three different maximal graded exercise test protocols in healthy women.

The purpose of this study was to compare the three most commonly used maximal graded exercise test (GXT) protocols in healthy women. Submaximal and maximal metabolic and hemodynamic responses were determined from two treadmill protocols, Bruce and Balke, and a bicycle protocol, in 49 women. Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) was significantly different among protocols (Bruce=40.3, Balke=38.4, and Bike=36.6 ml/kg . min -1). Maximum heart rate (HR max) was significantly lower during Bike (178 beats/min) than during Bruce (182) and Balke (183) protocols. No differences in rate of increase in HR or systolic blood pressure (BP) per increase in multiples of the rest metabolic (METs) were found between Bruce and Balke protocols. The rate of recovery of HR and systolic BP was not different among tests. Comparisons of active and sedentary groups showed differences in VO2 max and submaximal HR and recovery HR at common minutes; however, the rate of increase in HR and systolic BP during exercise and the rate of decrease during recovery were not significantly different. Prediction of VO2 max with Bruce and Balke protocols from treadmill time was r=0.91 (SEE +/- 2.7 ml/kg . min -1) and r=0.94 (SEE 2.2 ml/kg . min -1), respectively. These data suggest a difference between men and women in increased HR and systolic BP per METs increase in exertion.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1982

[Ocular myasthenia in sisters (author's transl)].

The case histories of two sisters with ocular infantile myasthenia are reported. The older girl has been suffering from the disease for 11 years now. Infantile myasthenia is clinically and genetically different from myasthenia gravis which occurs in older patients. The disease is probably due to a number of factors, a special genetical disposition which facilitates the specific effect of environmental factors. It cannot be ruled out, however, that in rare cases as for example in the family with parental consanguinity reported on here there is an autosomal recessive mode of transmission. The clinical and genetic heterogeneity of infantile myasthenia and the heredity of the disease are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Teratogenic and pharmacokinetic studies of primidone during pregnancy and in the offspring of epileptic women.

Fourteen epileptic women treated with primidone, either alone or in combination with other antiepileptic drugs, were studied prospectively during their pregnancy. Plasma levels of primidone and its metabolites were monitored and correlated to findings in the offspring. Maternal serum concentrations of primidone and metabolites were generally low during pregnancy. The levels of its main metabolites--phenobarbital and PEMA--were found to drop within the first month of pregnancy in two cases. The plasma concentrations remained low until birth and rose sharply thereafter. The phenobarbital/primidone ratio (mean 0.84) and PEMA/primidone ratio (mean 0.56) in pregnant patients were found to be lower than in non-pregnant patients, except when primidone was given in combination with phenytoin in which case the expected phenobarbital/primidone (mean 2.5) and PEMA/primidone (mean 1.5) ratios were found. A ventricular septal defect was found in one of the offspring of the fourteen mothers and five children had microcephaly. There was a high incidence of poor somatic development with dystrophy (n=3) and short stature (n=2). Head circumferences (n=8), lengths (n=4) and/or weights (n=8) were below the 10th percentile in a number of children. Four children showed marked facial dysmorphy. Our preliminary data suggest that primidone intake during pregnancy may be important in the pathogenesis of minor anomalies and in the induction of poor somatic development.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1982

Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid gamma-aminobutyric acid in neurological disorders.

In 49 patients with various neurological disorders plasma and CSF gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations were determined by radioreceptor assay. The CSF GABA concentration of 127 +/- 47 pmol/ml (range: 65-275; n = 52) was independent of the age, the sex and the intake of various drugs including benzodiazepines, baclofen and antidepressants. Patients with diverse neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis, ischaemic strokes, intracranial tumour and polyneuropathies had similar CSF GABA levels. The mean plasma GABA concentration was 309 +/- 79 pmol/ml (range: 179-498; n = 44). The correlation between the GABA concentrations of CSF and plasma was very poor (r = 0.18; n = 44). Therefore plasma GABA is not a suitable indicator for CSF GABA.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1982

Two antiepileptic drugs for intractable epilepsy with complex-partial seizures.

The value of adding a second antiepileptic drug in intractable epilepsy with complex-partial seizures was studied in a long-term prospective trial in 30 adult patients who failed to respond to the maximum use of carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital or primidone as the first drug. Based on the individual previous history of one-drug treatment, the most promising antiepileptic drug (carbamazepine, clobazam, clonazepam, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, valproic acid) was added, if necessary until clinical toxicity occurred. A reduction of the seizure frequency by more than 75% was seen in only four patients (13%) exposed to a second drug in the event of failure of optimum one-drug treatment. The remaining majority of patients (87%) did not benefit from the second drug; in three patients the seizure frequency increased by more than 100%. The common practice of adding another drug in difficult-to-treat cases may need to be reconsidered until further evidence is presented that two drugs are more beneficial than one drug in the treatment of intractable epilepsy.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1982

Kearns-Sayre syndrome: primarily a mitochondriopathy?

Histopathological changes of the external eye muscles and of the peripheral skeletal muscles of 2 patients with Kearns-Sayre syndrome are demonstrated histochemically and electron microscopically. In one case the progression of the mitochondrial anomalies in this disease was documented through ultrastructural investigations of muscle biopsies over a period of 17 years. By freeze-fracture the membrane fracture faces of the transformed mitochondrial were examined in both patients. Biochemical results of one patient show that energy production by glycolysis is distinctly decreased with respect to oxydation. Clinical, morphological and biochemical results support the hypothesis that the Kearns-Sayre syndrome is caused by a primary mitochondriopathy which is not limited to the musculature.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The influence of antiepileptic drugs on the electroencephalogram: a review of controlled clinical studies.

The effect of antiepileptic drugs on the EEG was studied in a review of 23 controlled trials with therapeutic drug monitoring and serial EEG observations. There is a good correlation of suppression of paroxysmal discharges and an increase in the plasma concentrations of diazepam, phenobarbital, phenytoin, alone or in combination with phenobarbital or primidone. The correlation is variable during treatment with carbamazepine and in patients with focal discharge receiving sodium valproate or a delayed response to sodium valproate treatment. An increase in beta activity is correlated with a raised plasma concentration of clonazepam, phenytoin and phenobarbital, but not in all patients receiving these drugs. The degree and the localization of cerebral impairment seem to influence the drug-induced fast EEG response. Slowing of background occurs with high plasma concentrations of diazepam, phenytoin, alone or in combination with phenobarbital or primidone. The correlation of paroxysmal discharges with clinical seizure frequency is good for phenobarbital, phenytoin, alone or in combination. The correlation is variable for carbamazepine and the delayed response to sodium valproate. A slowing of background activity is correlated with clinical drug toxicity due to carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital and primidone treatment in most patients.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed1982

[Human pentastomiasis in Abidjan. A report on 29 cases].

The authors report 29 cases of human pentastomida detected radiologically in the medical thoracic service over 10 years and a fatal case occurring in the paediatric clinic. After a parasitological review of the life cycle and localisation of the pentastomida in man, the epidemiology clinical picture and typical radiological appearance of thoracic and abdominal calcification are discussed. They are always detected by chance and it is the case history which establishes the link between the eating of poorly cooked snakes or their handling. Finally a case is mentioned (which is currently unique in the literature) of a massive fatal septicaemia in a five years old child caused by Armillifer grandis, which poses the problem of the diagnostic difficulty in current clinical practice of this infestation. Since 1973 the disorder can be diagnosed immunologically thanks to the Marseilles school, but it is difficult to achieve in practice. It would only allow an estimation of the frequency of this infestation and to define the clinical features possible.

Adult↗