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Biomedical subjects

D S Miller

Publications and source records attributed to D S Miller.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1966

Actinomycin D: inhibition of respiration and glycolysis.

Actinomycin D inhibited respiration and anaerobic glycolysis of human leukemic leukocytes and lowered the adenosine triphosphate content of the cells. Inhibitory effects on respiration and on RNA synthesis could not be dissociated from one another over a wide range of drug concentrations. Actinomycin D also impaired protein synthesis, probably by decreasing the availability of adenosine triphosphate and by inhibiting messenger RNA.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Insulin-like actions of vanadate are mediated in an insulin-receptor-independent manner via non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases and protein phosphotyrosine phosphatases.

Most or all mammalian cells contain vanadium at a concentration of 0.1-1.0 microM. The bulk of the vanadium in cells is probably in the reduced vanadyl (IV) form. Although this element is essential and should be present in the diet in minute quantities, no known physiological role for vanadium has been found thus far. In the years 1975-1980 the vanadate ion was shown to act as an efficient inhibitor of Na+,K(+)-ATPase and of other related phosphohydrolyzes as well. In 1980 it was observed that vanadate vanadyl, when added to intact rat adipocytes, mimics the biological actions of insulin in stimulating hexose uptake and glucose oxidation. This initiated a long, currently active, field of research among basic scientists and diabetologists. Several of the aspects studied are reviewed here.

Adipocytes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A test of socioeconomic status as a predictor of initial marijuana use.

The current study examined the effects of socioeconomic status (SES) on adolescent marijuana use using data from a national longitudinal survey of subjects aged 11 to 17 (N = 1,725). Both direct and indirect measures of SES (e.g., Hollingshead's measure of SES, predicts marijuana use among adolescents. For males, our study found a nonlinear relationship between the Hollingshead measure and marijuana use that had not been identified in previous research. For females, the Hollingshead measure was nonsignificant when alcohol use and having friends who use marijuana were added to the model. This finding suggests that the effects of SES on marijuana use may be mediated by alcohol use and friends' use of marijuana. Weekly alcohol users were much more likely than nonusers to initiate marijuana use for both males (Odds ratio [OR] = 18.28, Confidence interval [CI] = 4.93-67.81) and females (OR = 11.75, CI = 3.22-42.86). Other significant variables for both sexes included having a job, having friends who use marijuana, and having used some alcohol in the past year. For males, grade point average (GPA), commitment to friends, urbanicity, time spent with friends, and peer strain were also significant predictors of initial marijuana use. For females, prior victimization and low school aspirations were significant. In sum, our findings suggest that psychosocial risk factors for marijuana use are substantially different for males than for females and that future researchers need to test for nonlinear relationships between SES and adolescent substance use.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detection of partial anomalous right pulmonary venous return with an intact atrial septum by transesophageal echocardiography.

Partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage with intact atrial septum is a rare congenital anomaly. We report a case of a 63-year-old woman who recently had dyspnea on minimal exertion and was found to have pulmonary hypertension, right atrial enlargement, and right ventricular enlargement by two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography. Transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated anomalous venous drainage of the right lung into the superior vena cava with an intact interatrial septum. This diagnosis was confirmed by angiography and the patient underwent successful repair. This case illustrates the importance of locating all four pulmonary veins in patients with pulmonary hypertension or suspected intracardiac shunt in addition to scanning the atrial septum.

Echocardiography, Transesophageal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Genetic changes during the multistage pathogenesis of human papillomavirus positive and negative vulvar carcinomas.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the molecular alterations found in 30 human papillomavirus (HPV) positive (n = 15) and negative (n = 15) vulvar carcinomas (VC) and their associated preinvasive lesions (VIN [vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia]) and normal epithelium to determine a common molecular pathogenesis of HPV positive and negative VC. METHODS: Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at seven 3p chromosomal regions (3p12, 3p14.2, 3p14.3-21.1, 3p21.3, 3p22-24, 3p24.3, 3p25), 13q14 (RB) and 17p13.1 (p53) loci, and TP53 gene mutations in microdissected archival tissues were investigated. RESULTS: Fourteen of fifteen HPV positive VC had HPV 16 DNA sequences. The fractional regional loss index (FRL), an index of total allelic loss at all chromosomal regions analyzed, was greater in the HPV negative VCs than in the HPV positive tumors (FRL = 0.55 versus 0.32; P = .048) and was also greater in the HPV negative high-grade VINs as compared with the HPV positive lesions (0.29 versus 0.02; P = .002). Overall, LOH at any 3p region was frequent (80%) in both groups of cancers and in their associated VIN lesions. Although TP53 gene mutations were present in a minority of VCs (20%), allelic losses at the TP53 locus were frequently present, especially in HPV negative VCs, as compared with the HPV positive tumors (62% versus 15%; P = .02). CONCLUSION: A greater number of molecular alterations are found in HPV negative VCs compared with HPV positive tumors. Allelic losses at 3p are common early events in vulvar carcinogenesis in HPV negative cancers detected at a high rate in the corresponding high-grade precursor lesions (VIN II/III). TP53 gene mutations with associated 17p13.1 LOH are more common in HPV negative cancers.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Jog your memory: a community screening model.

This study's objectives were to establish an annual memory-screening week, heighten public awareness of the issues surrounding cognitive impairments, promote baseline cognitive screening as part of routine examinations in primary care settings for the older adult, and detect early dementia and depression. The 264 participants completed demographic and anecdotal information and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Nurses scored the GDS and administered the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Clock Drawing Test. Screening results and educational information were given to the participants. Results revealed that 14% of participants scored abnormally on the MMSE and approximately 14% had an abnormal GDS score.

Aged↗