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Biomedical subjects

D Russell

Publications and source records attributed to D Russell.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Cluster headache. The sweating pattern during spontaneous attacks.

Sweating in the forehead, on the eyelids, in the face and on the trunk was measured with the Evaporimeter during 31 spontaneous cluster headache attacks of varying severity in 18 patients. The evaporimeter measures evaporative water loss (sweating + transepidermal water loss) rapidly and accurately as g/m2/h. The patients themselves acted as controls. Sweating was also estimated in 25 healthy individuals at a temperature of 27 +/- 1 degree C, and a mean relative humidity of 19%. During eight severe attacks, sweating in the medial part of the forehead on the symptomatic side was invariably increased. In moderate attacks the increment was less pronounced and in the inter-cycle period, no definite increase was found. The cause of increased sweating during cluster headache attacks remains enigmatic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Rift Valley fever in humans in South Africa.

During an epizootic of Rift Valley fever in South Africa in 1974/1975, mainly affecting sheep and cattle, a large number of human cases occurred. The majority of the patients, mostly farmers, farm labourers and veterinary surgeons, acquired the infection while handling the carcasses of animals which had died of Rift Valley fever. Some gave no history of contact with infected animals and it is presumed that they were infected by mosquitoes. Complications were common. Retinitis clinically associated with defective vision occurred in about 20% of patients investigated. In others, meningo-encephalitis developed; 1 patient died and the brain showed perivascular cuffing and round-cell infiltration. In 110 cases the diagnosis was confirmed in the laboratory, in 17 by isolation of the virus and in 93 by the finding of an antibody response in serological tests. In 3 fatal cases the virus was isolated from the liver, and in a further 4 fatal cases in which virus isolation was not attempted, there was clinical and epidemiological evidence of the diagnosis; in each case a haemorrhagic state associated with hepatitis had developed. In 1978, follow-up studies showed that immune rates among residents on affected farms varied from 10% in children to 17,1% in adult males, with an overall immunity rate of 14,5%.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Complex partial status epilepticus following myelography with metrizamide.

Complex partial status epilepticus developed in two patients following myelography with metrizamide. The status epilepticus was manifested by confusion and complex motor symptoms, and electroencephalograms (EEGs) showed ictal activity alternating independently over both hemisphere. Immediate clinical improvement occurred with antiepileptic treatment, and to date no sequelae have been observed. Neither patient had a previous history of epileptic seizures, but both had preexisting EEG abnormalities.

Electroencephalography↗
PubMed1980

The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: concurrent and discriminant validity evidence.

The development of an adequate assessment instrument is a necessary prerequisite for social psychological research on loneliness. Two studies provide methodological refinement in the measurement of loneliness. Study 1 presents a revised version of the self-report UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) Loneliness Scale, designed to counter the possible effects of response bias in the original scale, and reports concurrent validity evidence for the revised measure. Study 2 demonstrates that although loneliness is correlated with measures of negative affect, social risk taking, and affiliative tendencies, it is nonetheless a distinct psychological experience.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1980

Simplified method for detecting anti-insulin antibodies and insulin-anti-insulin immune complexes.

A simplified approach for estimating free and total anti-insulin antibodies and soluble insulin-anti-insulin immune complexes in serum has been developed and evaluated. For determination of free anti-insulin antibodies, a binding ratio for 125I-labeled insulin at fivefold serum dilution is calculated; the binding ratios obtained are reproducible (run-to-run coefficient of variation, 7.3%) and correlate well with titration of anti-insulin antibodies by other techniques (correlation coefficient, 0.9327). Total anti-insulin antibody concentrations are determined by calculating the [125I]insulin binding ratio for a sample previously acidified, adsorbed with acid dextran-coated charcoal, and neutralized. The difference in binding ratios between two aliquots of the same serum, one diluted 10-fold without manipulation and the second studied at an identical dilution after acidification and removal of free insulin, is taken as an index of the presence of soluble insulin-anti-insulin immune complexes. Because the tests can be performed at a single dilution, both time and materials are conserved without apparent loss of discrimination between sera with high antibody titers and high concentrations of insulin-anti-insulin immune complexes and sera with negative titers or low concentrations.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1979

Treatment of familial hypercholesterolaemia by partial ileal bypass.

Ten patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (Fredrickson type II) were treated by the operation of partial ileal bypass. Postoperatively, serum cholesterol levels fell by an average of 34% (P less than 0.005), and the decrease was satisfactorily sustained over a period of 12-30 months. Angina and xanthomas also improved in some patients. Postoperatively all patients experienced considerable diarrhoea, which lessened with time. Other complications of surgery included abdominal distension and cramps, colonic dilatation, sepsis and intestinal obstruction. It is concluded that partial ileal bypass significantly lowers serum cholesterol levels, but that in view of the complications the operation should be offered only to carefully selected patients who are intolerant of or unresponsive to conservative measures.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Anxiety, aging and the third emergency reaction.

Severe anxiety, unlike severe depression, is not common among the aged. In view of the multitude of stresses accompanying later life and considering the fact that lack of success in mastering stress typically produces anxiety, one should expect a high frequency of anxiety among the aged. To explain the deficit, it is proposed that those who survive into old age have developed strategies to successfully deal with stress, that among these strategies is a passive stance, termed "freeze," and that "freeze" is a third emergency reaction, one which was omitted from the fight-flight paradigm of emergency reactions.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1979

Cluster headache: trial of a combined histamine H1 and H2 antagonist treatment.

Fifteen patients with symptomatic cluster headache participated in a double-blind crossover trial of a combined histamine H1 and H2 antagonist treatment. The trial lasted six weeks. There was no significant improvement on active treatment as regards mean number of headache attacks per week, intensity, or duration of attacks. These results suggest that histamine does not play a significant role in the pathogenesis of cluster headache.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Developing a measure of loneliness.

Research on loneliness has been hindered by the lack of a simple and reliable assessment technique. The development of the UCLA Loneliness Scale, a short, 20-item general measure of loneliness is reported. The measure has high internal consistency (coefficient alpha = .96) and a test-retest correlation over a two-month period of .73. Concurrent and preliminary construct validity are indicated by correlations with self-reports of current loneliness and related emotional states, and by volunteering for a "loneliness clinic."

Female↗
PubMed1978

Human parasitoses of the Malili area, South Sulawesi (Celebes) province, Indonesia.

A biomedical survey was conducted in 9 villages in the Malili area of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Blood specimens were examined for malaria and microfilariae; stool specimens were examined for intestinal parasites. Malaria parasitemias were rare; Plasmodium falciparum was detected in 10 and P. vivax in 11 of 985 blood smears. Malayan filariasis was endemic to all villages surveyed. The overall prevalence of detectable microfilaremias was 15%, varying from 34% in Kawata to 1% in Nuha. Microfilarial densities, expressed as MfD50 averaged 8.0 and varied from 1.1 in Timampu to 16.0 in Karabbe. Intestinal parasites were common. Although Schistosoma japonicum was not found, 97% of the examined had one or more intestinal parasites as follows: Ascaris lumbricoides (74%), Trichuris trichiura (65%), hookworm (62%), Entamoeba coli (38%), Endolimax nana (10%), Entamoeba histolytica (6%), Iodamoeba bütschlii (4%), Entamoeba hartmanni (3%), Giardia lamblia (2%) Chilomastix mesnili (1%) and Enterobius vermicularis (1%). Strongyloides stercoralis larvae and Hymenolepis nana eggs were detected once each and heterophyid-like eggs were detected twice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The last segregation: systems of care for the aged and chronically ill.

Adequate criteria are needed before patients are admitted to nursing homes. Separation of categories of patients is desirable. Thos with rehabilitation potential should have greater certainty of receiving therapy. Demented patients should be separated from the mentally intace. We need to give serious thought to the quality of life for patients who are permanently placed.

Aged↗