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Biomedical subjects

D Rowland

Publications and source records attributed to D Rowland.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

The effect of Keyes' method of oral hygiene on the subgingival microflora compared to the effect of scaling and/or surgery.

The present study was conducted on 18 individuals to determine if Keyes' method of oral hygiene would present an alternative to traditional periodontal therapy in terms of establishing a subgingival microflora compatible with periodontal health. Oral hygiene, gingival conditions and subgingival microbial proportions assessed by dark field microscopy were measured at baseline, then once every 2 weeks for the remainder of this 8-week study. In addition, probing depths and bleeding on probing were evaluated. Group I (9 patients) was treated non-surgically, while Group II (9 patients) had received surgical therapy within the last 4 years. Both groups received routine scaling and root planing (Sc/RP) on one arch at time 0, and both were instructed to use Keyes' method of oral hygiene on one side of the mouth while the other side served as a control. This yielded a split-plot experimental design which permitted examination of the effects of Keyes' method of oral hygiene, Sc/RP and surgery. The results revealed no statistically significant differences between Keyes' method of oral hygiene and conventional oral hygiene in patients treated with a single session of Sc/RP. When scaling was not employed, Keyes' method was more effective than conventional oral hygiene. Surgical status was found to be the most significant factor in reducing clinical indicator values and establishing control of the subgingival microflora. In summary, oral hygiene alone had only minimal effects on subgingival microbial proportions. The primary antimicrobial effect observed, as evidenced by shifts in subgingival morphotype proportions, was produced by the Sc/RP procedure. This effect was enhanced by improved access (surgical status).

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Medicare financing reform: a new Medicare premium.

The original and continuing promise of Medicare can be preserved only through a complex package of fiscal reforms. Central to this should be a merger of Hospital Insurance and Supplementary Medical Insurance into a single Medicare trust fund, financed in part through income-related beneficiary premiums. Benefits could be expanded, while improving access and equity.

Cost Control↗
PubMed1983

Dimethyl sulfoxide does not suppress the clinical manifestations of collagen arthritis.

Parenteral administration of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to rats did not diminish the incidence or severity of collagen arthritis compared to groups receiving either saline injections or no injections. In contrast, hemagglutinating antibody responses to collagen were significantly (p less than 0.0001) decreased in the DMSO group. Delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to collagen were similar in the 3 groups. These data extend the previous finding that DMSO can decrease antireceptor antibody titers in experimental myasthenia gravis in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Comparative echocardiographic features of conditions presenting with symptomatic pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy in early infancy.

Echocardiographic dimensions in infants (less than 2 months) with pulmonary hypertension, associated with coarctation of the aorta in 21, total anomalous venous return in 10, and left-to-right shunts in 14 were compared with 10 infants with respiratory distress syndrome, seven with transient tachypnoea of the newborn, 20 normal children, and with each other. Distinguishing features of total anomalous pulmonary venous return were very significantly lower left atrial and left ventricular dimensions. Right ventricular enlargement was maximal in patients with coarctation of the aorta and total anomalous pulmonary venous return. Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension in coarctation of the aorta was not significantly different from normal but the left ventricular end-systolic dimension was significantly lower, suggesting a hypercontractile left ventricle. Similar findings were observed in patients with left-to-right shunts. M-mode echocardiograms are hence valuable in differentiating conditions which may present with intractable congestive cardiac failure in the newborn and also distinguishing them from common respiratory disease of the neonate.

Cardiomegaly↗
PubMed1979

Initiation of maternal behavior in the rat: possible involvement of limbic norepinephrine.

The dorsal norepinephrine (NE) fiber system was manipulated in pregnant female rats. Brainstem lesions of the dorsal bundle, depleting NE in cortex and hippocampus, resulted in deficits in maternal-behavior onset in primiparous rats. Similarly, fornix-bundle transections, depleting only hippocampal NE, were associated with an absence of pup care. Hypothalamic NE levels, as well as dopamine and serotonin concentrations in cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus, were not significantly affected by these manipulations. The data are discussed in terms of behavioral specificity, possible hormonal involvement and interactions with diencephalic mechanisms controlling the onset of maternal behavior in the female rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Serotonergic mediation of the suckling-induced release of prolactin in the lactating rat.

Lactating female rats were infused with the serotonergic neurotoxin, p-chloramphetamine (PCA), via stainless steel cannulae implanted into either the 3rd or the lateral ventricle. Those mothers receiving the drug in the 3rd ventricle sustained a more severe depletion of hypothalmic serotonin (43% vs 23%) and a significantly greater incidence of pup mortality (98% vs 48%) than those receiving the drug in the lateral ventricle. Coincident with the depletion of hypothalmic serotonin was a reduction in serum prolactin (Prl). Subcutaneous (s.c.) infections of Prl into each group of females sharply reduced the number of pup deaths. It was concluded that hypothalmic serotonergic neurons mediate the suckling-induced release of Prl necessary for the maintenance of lactation.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Hypothalamic norepinephrine: concentration and metabolism during pregnancy and lactation in the rat.

Both norepinephrine (NE) and its major metabolite, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), were assayed in rat hypothalamus during selected stages of pregnancy and lactation. No changes were observed in the concentration of either NE or MHPG at 5, 15 or 21 days' gestation. However, with 8-15 h after parturition, the concentration of NE decreased sharply while that of MHPG showed a correspondingly sharp increase. The possible significance of such change in hypothalamic catecholamine activity was considered in relation to parturition, postpartum estrus and onset of maternal behavior.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Insurance matters for low-income adults: results from a five-state survey.

Using survey data from 2,000 low-income adult respondents in each of five states, this DataWatch assesses how uninsured, low-income adults differ from low-income adults who have public or private insurance and how Medicaid expansions have affected insurance coverage patterns across states with different eligibility policies. Findings show that the proportion of low-income uninsured adults is two to three times higher in states that have not expanded Medicaid eligibility beyond relatively low welfare levels. Compared with persons who have either Medicaid or private insurance, uninsured persons report more difficulties getting needed care, are less likely to have a regular provider, and rate the care they do receive as lower quality.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Job-based health insurance in 2001: inflation hits double digits, managed care retreats.

Drawing on the results of a national survey of 1,907 firms with three or more workers, this paper reports on several facets of job-based health insurance, including the cost to employers and workers; plan offerings and enrollments; patient cost sharing and benefits; eligibility, coverage, and take-up rates; and results from questions about employers' knowledge of market trends and health policy initiatives. Premiums increased 11 percent from spring 2000 to spring 2001, and the percentage of Americans in health maintenance organizations (HMOs) fell six percentage points to its lowest level since 1993, while preferred provider organization (PPO) enrollment rose to 48 percent. Despite premium increases, the percentage of firms offering coverage remained statistically unchanged, and a relatively strong labor market has continued to shield workers from the higher cost of coverage.

Cost Sharing↗