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Biomedical subjects

D Rosenberg

Publications and source records attributed to D Rosenberg.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Health care characteristics associated with women's satisfaction with prenatal care.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to explore the relation between prenatal care characteristics and satisfaction among Medicaid recipients. METHODS: African-American (n = 75) and Mexican-American (n = 26) nonadolescent primiparous pregnant women who had at least three prenatal care visits participated in a 25-minute telephone survey that asked them about satisfaction with prenatal care (art of care, technical quality, physical environment, access, availability and efficacy); prenatal care characteristics (practitioner attributes, service availability, and features of the delivery of care); and, personal characteristics (sociodemographics, health status and behaviors, and pregnancy-related variables). Univariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to explore the relations between personal characteristics and satisfaction and between care characteristics and satisfaction. RESULTS: For the overall sample, the following prenatal care characteristics were associated with increased satisfaction: having procedures explained by the provider, short waiting times at the prenatal care site, the availability of ancillary services, and reporting that the prenatal care practitioner was male. When examining the data by ethnicity, whether the provider explained procedures was the most important determinant of satisfaction for both African-American and Mexican-American women. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of the care characteristics that impact low-income pregnant women's satisfaction can be utilized to alter service delivery to increase use of prenatal care and ultimately to improve perinatal outcomes.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Decreased caudate volume in neuroleptic-naive psychotic patients.

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies, mostly involving neuroleptic-treated patients, have suggested enlarged basal ganglia size in schizophrenia. The authors sought to examine basal ganglia volume in neuroleptic-naive psychotic patients. METHOD: Magnetic resonance imaging volumetric studies were conducted in newly diagnosed neuroleptic-naive schizophrenic and non-schizophrenic psychotic patients and in matched healthy comparison subjects. RESULTS: Both patient groups had bilaterally reduced caudate, but not putamen, volumes, compared to the healthy subjects, after adjustment for intracranial volume. CONCLUSIONS: Decreases in caudate volume in newly diagnosed psychotic patients may be related to the primary pathophysiology of these disorders; prior observations of increased caudate volume may reflect effects of neuroleptic treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

6-[18F]fluoro-L-m-tyrosine: metabolism, positron emission tomography kinetics, and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine lesions in primates.

The tracer 6-[18F]fluoro-L-m-tyrosine (FMT) was studied with regard to its biochemistry and kinetics, as well as its utility in evaluating brain dopaminergic function in primates before and after 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treatment using positron emission tomography (PET). Plasma analysis of FMT and its F18-labeled metabolites 6-fluoro-3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (FPAC) and 6-fluoro-3-hydroxyphenylethylamine (FMA) during PET scanning enabled kinetic analysis of FMT uptake. A separate study examined brain FMT metabolism in MPTP-naive monkeys euthanized 60 or 120 min after FMT injection. Almost 60% of total plasma F-18 activity was associated with FPAC and FMA 120 min after FMT injection. The FMT signal accumulated preferentially in dopaminergic areas such as caudate and putamen. This bilateral FMT signal was disrupted after unilateral intracarotid artery (ICA) MPTP infusion which reduced ipsilateral striatal activity. A three compartment three kinetic rate constant model for FMT uptake revealed reduced FMT decarboxylation (k3) in ipsilateral caudate and putamen after unilateral MPTP although a further decrease was not evident after intravenous MPTP. FPAC was the major F-18 species in all brain regions except in cerebellum where FMT was predominant 60 min post-mortem. FPAC was most concentrated in dopaminergic areas whereas lower levels occurred in areas containing few dopamine terminals. These data demonstrate preferential FMT metabolism and F-18 retention in dopaminergic tissue and support the use of FMT to evaluate normal and abnormal dopaminergic function.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in offspring at risk for schizophrenia: preliminary studies.

1. Studies of first-degree relatives of persons with schizophrenia provide an opportunity to characterize risk factors for the development of this illness. In this report the authors will provide preliminary data from an ongoing study of neurobiological alterations in the offspring of schizophrenia patients. 2. A series of offspring of schizophrenic patients (OS) were compared with age and sex matched healthy controls (HC) without psychiatric history in first degree relatives on psychiatric, volumetric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of whole brain and proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H MRS) evaluations of the ventral prefrontal cortex. 3. Compared with HC group, high risk subjects had reduced left amygdala volume, enlarged third ventricular volume, and smaller overall brain volume. 4. 1H MRS studies showed a trend for decreased NAA/choline ratios in the anterior cingulate region in the OS group as compared to HC subjects. 5. Follow-up studies of these subjects are needed to confirm the predictive value of these measures for future emergence of schizophrenia in subjects at risk for this illness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Prospective recruitment of women receiving prenatal care from diverse provider arrangements: a potential strategy.

OBJECTIVES: This study describes the use of a Medicaid managed care list to prospectively recruit into a research project pregnant women receiving care from a variety of providers. METHOD: A list of women enrolled in Medicaid managed care was used to recruit pregnant African-American and Latina women into a study of prenatal care satisfaction. Due to privacy concerns, the researchers were not able to directly access names from the list. Instead, a managed care contract agency sent recruitment letters to 1009 pregnant African-American and Latina Medicaid recipients. Response rates by ethnicity and several other key variables are calculated. The biases associated with this method of recruiting pregnant women from a variety of providers are discussed. RESULTS: Thirty-five percent of the women contacted returned consent forms and agreed to have researchers approach them; the response rate for African-American women was 43% and for Latinas was 29% (p < 0.0001). Respondents were younger and later in their pregnancies than nonrespondents, but did not differ from them by zip code of residence. The women recruited into the study obtained prenatal care from a diverse group of providers. CONCLUSIONS: While the use of a prospectively generated list of pregnant Medicaid recipients to recruit low-income pregnant women into a research study may be associated with some selection bias, the potential cost savings, decreased effort, and diminished recall bias may make their use a feasible sampling alternative, particularly when the researcher desires to recruit women seeking care from a variety of provider arrangements.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Going mainstream.

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California↗
PubMed1995

[Familial association of penoscrotal transposition and diphallia (double penis) with patella aplasia].

BACKGROUND: Diphallia and penoscrotal transposition are rare, generally sporadic, abnormalities. CASE REPORTS: Case 1: A 2-1/2-month-old boy was admitted in hospital because he suffered from complete penoscrotal transposition, with moderate hypospadias for which he was operated on. Examination at the age of 6 years showed hypoplastic and dislocated patellae. Case 2: A 2-month-old boy, brother of case 1, also suffered from incomplete penoscrotal transposition, associated with diphallia but without double bladder, that was operated on. Ultrasonography at the age of 17 months showed absence of patellae. The sister of these two patients was normal but her mother displayed ambiguous genitalia with phallic structure located beneath partially fused labial folds. Her patellae were also absent. CONCLUSION: This is the first familial case of true diphallia associated to penoscrotal transposition. This abnormality is also associated to absence of patellae and seems to be dominantly inherited.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1995

Implant stability related to insertion torque force and bone density: An in vitro study.

Seventy-five implants were installed in 12 fresh ethanol-treated bovine ribs by use of a torque gauge manometer to measure the force needed to screw the implants fully into the bone. Digital radiographs were taken and a density histogram of the bone at the implant/bone interface was obtained. The damping characteristics of the implant/bone interface were assessed by tapping the abutment with the Periotest (PT) device. Abutments of several lengths screwed at 20 N/cm were used to conduct PT measurements and the PT values (PTVs) were related to the insertion torque force, the bone density, and implant and abutment length. The results indicated that high correlations exist between PTVs and insertion torque force (R value -0.74579), and PTVs and bone density (R value -0.83031). There was also a significant difference (p 0.001) among the PTVs of the different abutment lengths used. Implant length did not demonstrate influence on PTVs (p 0.3847).

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1995

The influence of splinting procedures on the periodontal and peri-implant tissue damping characteristics. A longitudinal study with the Periotest device.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the capability of the Periotest device in detecting and monitoring functional changes in the periodontal as well as in the pari-implant damping characteristics. In the first part of this study, 107 teeth were splinted by means of 40 full acrylic fixed prostheses (AFP) and another 37 teeth were splinted by means of 14 ceramometallic fixed prostheses (C-MFP). The Periotest measurements of individual teeth were done the day the fixed prostheses were cemented temporary (PTV 1), and again after a mean observation period of 27.4 days (PTV 2). In the 2nd part, 78 osseointegrated two-stage implants were splinted by means of 23 full acrylic fixed prosthesis (AFP) and other 18 implants were left without it. Using the same abutment length, Periotest measurements were performed, at abutment connections and before installation of the final prosthesis. In a 3rd part, using both implants and teeth as abutments, 29 osseointegrated implants were connected with 25 abutment teeth by means of 7 AFP. The measurements were performed at the beginning of the prosthetic treatment and 2, 4 and 6 weeks later. After splinting teeth by means of AFP for the observation period, no statistically significant reduction in PTVs was found. When on the other hand, a C-MFP was used, PTV 2 showed a significant reduction. The PTVs at abutment connection went down after a period of time, during which some implants were interconnected by means of an AFP and others were not.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1995

Efficacy on supragingival plaque control of cetylpyridinium chloride in a slow-release dosage form.

To evaluate the relative efficacy of a non-degradable osmotic slow-release dosage form containing 6.6 mg cetylpyridinium chloride (MOTS [Mucosal Oral Therapeutic System] CPC) to inhibit new plaque formation and gingivitis, a single-blind, randomised, parallel group pilot study was set up. 52 healthy volunteers were assigned to receive one of the following treatments for 18 days of non-brushing: holding 1 MOTS CPC 2 x daily for 2 h intra-orally, or rinsing 30 s with 15 ml Peridex 2 x daily, or dissolve Cepacol (each 1.6 mg CPC) lozenges 2 x daily unsupervised. Before the test period, the subjects received a thorough tooth cleaning followed by tooth polishing 1 x a week for 3 weeks to achieve clinical gingival health. After the start of therapy, the subjects were examined at day 4, 7 (+/- 2), 14 (+/- 2) and 18 (2 +/-). Relative efficacy was assessed by the modified Navy plaque index, the Quigley and Hein index, the planimetric plaque index, as well as the papillary marginal gingival index. There was an increase in both plaque formation and gingivitis over the 18 +/- 2 day period of nonbrushing for all subjects in the study. Peridex was the most effective in inhibiting plaque and gingivitis formation over that period of time. There was no difference between MOTS CPC and Cepacol at any time point in plaque accumulation and gingivitis intensity. Peridex was considered more convenient than MOTS CPC. Cepacol resulted in more staining at 18 days than MOTS CPC and Peridex.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Assessment of periodontal tissues damping characteristics: current concepts and clinical trials.

The reproducibility of an electronic device for the assessment of periodontal tissues damping characteristics was judged by evaluating the inter-examiner, inter-device and day to day variations of the measurements (PTVs). Nine young periodontally healthy volunteers were examined by two examiners (EX-1 and EX-2) and two devices (D-1 and D-2) in the following sequence: EX-1 D-1, EX-2 D-1, EX-1 D-2, and EX-2 D-2. PTVs were obtained at 5 different occasions during the same day. In some instances examiner 2 measured higher scores than examiner 1 with both devices. This difference was statistically significant (P = 0.05), if the total of 900 measurements was considered. The measurements of device 2 were approximately 0.5 PTV units higher, also reaching a statistical significance (P = 0.05). This difference is of limited clinical significance. The day to day variation was evaluated by comparing the scores obtained at 8 a.m. with the ones at the four other periods. The lowest scores were measured at 8 a.m. Only the 11 a.m. and the 2 p.m. measurements differed significantly. The effect of hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle and of smoking habits on PTVs were also evaluated. Ten female periodontally healthy volunteers were examined three times a week, during a period of two menstrual cycles. No significant PTV changes were found during the menstrual cycle. The effect of the smoking habit on PTVs was tested on 23 periodontally healthy patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1995

A method for assessing the damping characteristics of periodontal tissues: goals and limitations.

The Periotest method, an objective, noninvasive clinical diagnostic method, is a dynamic procedure that measures the resistance of the periodontium to a defined impact load. It has been reported that Periotest values depend to some extent on tooth mobility, but mainly on the damping characteristics of the periodontium. Nevertheless, the real clinical meaning of the measurements and some important limitations of the Periotest measuring principle still seem to be poorly understood. In the present study, the relationship between damping characteristics of periodontal tissues and tooth mobility was investigated. The best correlations between tooth deflection and Periotest values were found for teeth showing a certain degree of clinical mobility (R2 from .79 to .91). Nevertheless, this correlation was clearly lower when only healthy subjects were examined (R2 from .43 to .54). The better correlation found for forces greater than 1.0 N indicates that the damping characteristics assessed with the Periotest method are related to secondary tooth movement. The Periotest methodology, measuring principle, and limitations are critically reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Prehospital actions by health-care providers and physicians.

Extensive worldwide experience and literature exist on the benefits of early intervention in patients with an acute myocardial infarction. To make these benefits available to as much of the population as possible a number of goals have to be accomplished. Patients and bystanders must be taught to recognize the significance of symptoms and call immediately for assistance. Local emergency medical service has to dispatch appropriate personnel and equipment to the scene expeditiously. Transport without unacceptable delays must occur to appropriate facilities along with rapid initiation of treatment. A program to achieve these goals would be expected to substantially reduce morbidity and mortality. Attention is directed to prehospital actions by health-care providers including dispatch of personnel and equipment to the scene, stabilization and treatment in the field, and triage and transport of the patient to the most appropriate medical facility.

Emergency Medical Services↗
PubMed1994

Managing the mind.

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Health Care Reform↗