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D Rosenberg

Publications and source records attributed to D Rosenberg.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Building the analytic capacity of the State Maternal and Child Health workforce--a history of the HRSA/MCHB Academic Partnership.

The Maternal and Child Health Bureau of the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) in conjunction with Schools of Public Health has sponsored a variety of graduate education and continuing education initiatives during the last 15 years aimed at enhancing the analytic capacity of the maternal and child health (MCH) workforce. These initiatives are described, with lessons learned as well as recommendations for future efforts provided.

Child↗
PubMed2000

The abortion pill.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Abortifacient Agents, Steroidal↗
PubMed2000

Human nerve growth factor protects common marmosets against autoimmune encephalomyelitis by switching the balance of T helper cell type 1 and 2 cytokines within the central nervous system.

Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), in which an immune attack directed against myelin constituents causes myelin destruction and death of oligodendrocytes, the myelin-producing cells. Here, the efficacy of nerve growth factor (NGF), a growth factor for neurons and oligodendrocytes, in promoting myelin repair was evaluated using the demyelinating model of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the common marmoset. Surprisingly, we found that NGF delayed the onset of clinical EAE and, pathologically, prevented the full development of EAE lesions. We demonstrate by immunocytochemistry that NGF exerts its antiinflammatory effect by downregulating the production of interferon gamma by T cells infiltrating the CNS, and upregulating the production of interleukin 10 by glial cells in both inflammatory lesions of EAE and normal-appearing CNS white matter. Thus, NGF, currently under investigation in human clinical trials as a neuronal trophic factor, may be an attractive candidate for therapy of autoimmune demyelinating disorders.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Prepregnancy body mass index and pregnancy weight gain: associations with preterm delivery. The NMIHS Collaborative Study Group.

OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between rate of pregnancy weight gain and preterm delivery among women of varying prepregnancy body mass indices (BMI). METHODS: Subjects were 3511 mother-infant pairs from the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey. Prenatal weight measured between 14 and 28 weeks' gestation was used to calculate rate of pregnancy weight gain for each woman. Weight gain (lb/week) was categorized as low (under 0.5), average (0.5-1.5), or high (above 1.5). Prepregnancy BMI was calculated as weight divided by height in (kg/m(2)) and categorized as low (under 19.8), average (19.8-26.0), and high (above 26). Delivery before 37 weeks' gestation was considered preterm. Associations between BMI, weight gain, and preterm delivery were examined before and after exclusion of medically indicated preterm deliveries and pregnancies complicated by maternal medical conditions potentially related to weight gain or fetal growth restriction. Associations were expressed as odds ratios (OR) adjusted for several potential confounding factors. RESULTS: Women with low pregnancy weight gain were at increased risk of preterm delivery. The magnitude of risk varied according to a woman's prepregnancy BMI. After all exclusions and adjustments for confounders, ORs, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for low pregnancy weight gain were 6.7 (1.1, 40.6) for underweight women, 3.6 (1.6, 8.0) for average-weight women, and 1.6 (0.7, 3.5) for overweight women compared with average-weight women with average pregnancy weight gain. CONCLUSIONS: Low weight gain in pregnancy was associated with increased risk of preterm delivery, particularly if women were underweight or of average weight before pregnancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Proliferation of hepatic lineage cells of normal C57BL and interleukin-6 knockout mice after cocaine-induced periportal injury.

The cellular response to periportal liver injury, induced by phenobarbital feeding and cocaine injection, is used to compare the restitutive proliferation of hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, and oval cells in the livers of normal control to those of interleukin-6 (IL-6) knockout mice. After this injury hepatocytes in noninjured middle and central zones start to proliferate first, followed by proliferation of cholangiocytes and intraportal oval cells. Proliferation of all cell types peaks at 2 days, but oval cells continue to proliferate and differentiate through days 4 and 6 as they reconstitute the necrotic zone. By day 10, the injured zone is completely repaired, and no dividing cells remain. During the first 3 to 4 days after injury, the number of proliferating hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, and sinusoidal cells is lower in IL-6 knockout mice than in normal mice, whereas the number of dividing oval cells is higher. However, overall repair of the injury is accomplished in the same time period in both groups. During repair of the periportal zone, oval cells acquire differentiation markers of hepatocytes as they cross the zone of injury. In conclusion, the phenobarbital/cocaine injury model is useful to study restitutive proliferation of mouse liver cell lineages. The proliferative response in IL-6 knockout mice shows that IL-6 is not required for proliferation of liver cells; timely repair of liver injury occurs in both normal and IL-6 knockout mice. Increased proliferation of oval cells in IL-6 knockout mice may compensate for the lower proliferation of other liver cell types.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed2000

Preliminary test of effects of cognitive ability, experience, and teaching methods on Verbal Analogy Test scores.

The methods from which one can choose when preparing for the GRE Verbal Analogies include books, software, audiotapes, and formal classroom instruction. What teaching method will work best for a given individual? To begin the search for an answer, Gray's test of reasoning ability was given to 28 undergraduates who also answered a questionnaire detailing their experience with analogies. They were randomly assigned to teaching conditions ranging from self-directed workbook study to intensive interactive assistance. No teaching method was superior overall, but interactions showed that (1) students who scored worst on the pretest improved the most, (2) those higher in cognitive functioning and experience performed better after intensive interactive assistance, and (3) those lower in both cognitive functioning and experience did significantly better with self-paced workbooks. This preliminary work suggests that it may be profitable to assess the prior experience and reasoning of potential students and adopt the methods for teaching formal operational thought found empirically to be most suitable.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Pseudotumoral subacute osteomyelitis: a series of 41 children].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: To confirm that subacute osteomyelitis in children is a real entity, and give the main characteristics of this disease MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed 41 cases as well as the litterature. RESULTS: Pain without fever was the only constant symptom. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was increased slightly. XRays were the most important investigation, showing a geode in the metaphysis or more rarely in the epiphysis evoking a benign bone tumor in a child. DISCUSSION: The treatment was most often surgical: scraping permits the isolation of the microbe in 50 per cent of cases (staphylococcus most often) and usualy leady to recovery. CONCLUSION: This form of osteomyelitis is relatively frequent and must be discussed in front of a cystic tumoral image of the child's long bone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Validity of self-reported pregnancy delivery weight: an analysis of the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey. NMIHS Collaborative Working Group.

This study examined the validity of self-reported delivery weight among 3,518 respondents to the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey. Self-reported delivery weight was ascertained from a mail survey administered during the postpartum period. Measured delivery weight was obtained by abstraction of medical records from the hospital of delivery. On average, a woman's reported delivery weight was 2.82 pounds (1 pound = 0.45 kg) less than her measured delivery weight (p < 0.001). The level of underreporting increased significantly with increases in prepregnancy body mass index, current body mass index, pregnancy weight gain, and weight change from delivery to recall. Reporting error also increased among women who were non-White, less educated, and unmarried; whose pregnancy was unintended; and who initiated prenatal care late, responded late to the survey questionnaire, became pregnant again before responding, and reported a delivery weight ending in zero. When reported delivery weight was used to calculate weight gain and was categorized into typical weight gain categories, 30-40% of women were classified incorrectly. An empirical evaluation of how this misclassification might impact epidemiologic analyses indicated that associations between weight gain and birth weight were attenuated when weight gain was based on reported delivery weight rather than on measured delivery weight.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Expression of biologically active atrial natriuretic factor following intrahepatic injection of a replication-defective adenoviral vector in dogs.

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is a potent natriuretic, diuretic, and vasoactive hormone produced and released by atrial cardiomyocytes. We investigated whether adenovirus-mediated ANF gene delivery to dogs leads to a sustained increase in circulating ANF levels resulting in long-lasting biological effects. An adenoviral vector containing the canine ANF cDNA under the control of the Rous sarcoma virus 3' long terminal repeat (AdRSV-ANF) was injected via the intrahepatic route to nonvaccinated 2-month-old dogs. In the first group of four dogs injected with AdRSV-ANF (10(10.2) TCID50), a short-lived increase in plasma ANF concentrations not associated with biological effects occurred 8-10 days after the injection, as compared with four control dogs injected with an adenovirus encoding a luciferase reporter gene (AdRSV-luc). In a second series of experiments, six dogs received AdRSV-ANF at a dose of 10(10) TCID50 and a replication-defective type 5 adenovirus harboring a modified VAI gene (Ad-VAr) at the same dose. Sustained increases in plasma ANF concentrations and urinary cGMP excretion starting on day 2 and persisting until day 20 were seen, as well as concomitant elevations in natriuresis and diuresis, a transient increase in cardiac output, and a delay in body weight gain, as compared with control dogs injected with AdRSV-luc/Ad-VAr. These results show that adenovirus-mediated ANF gene expression can lead to systemic biological effects in dogs, a finding of potential relevance for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and sodium-retaining disorders.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1999

Networks of persons with syphilis and at risk for syphilis in Louisiana: evidence of core transmitters.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Differences in sociodemographic attributes and healthcare access may explain differences in regional sexually transmitted disease rates but don't fully explain why syphilis persists disproportionately in certain populations. GOAL OF THIS STUDY: To understand the behavioral epidemiology of syphilis, we conducted a social network analysis of persons with syphilis and their contacts and developed and applied a definition of core transmitters. STUDY DESIGN: We interviewed 10 index persons with primary or secondary untreated syphilis and 80 of their named sexual and social contacts. RESULTS: Fourteen (16%) of 90 interviewed persons met the definition of core transmitters, 9 of whom had past or current syphilis. The other interviewed persons had only moderately risky behaviors. Seventy-eight (42%) of the network sexual contacts were connected directly or indirectly to a core transmitter. CONCLUSION: This analysis suggests that syphilis transmission is maintained by a community with a small percentage of high-risk persons centrally placed amidst a larger group with moderately risky behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Identification of a signal sequence necessary for the unconventional secretion of Engrailed homeoprotein.

BACKGROUND: Engrailed-1 and Engrailed-2 are homeoproteins--transcription factors implicated in the morphogenesis of discrete structures. Engrailed proteins have a role in patterning the midbrain-hindbrain region and are expressed in the nuclei of rat embryo midbrain-hindbrain cells. We have previously found that both endogenous and exogenously expressed Engrailed proteins also associate with membrane regions implicated in signal transduction and secretion. Within total membrane fractions, a small proportion of Engrailed--about 5%--is protected against proteinase K proteolysis, suggesting that Engrailed has access to a luminal compartment. Together with our finding that homeodomains and homeoproteins can be internalized by live cells, these observations suggest that Engrailed might act as a polypeptidic messenger. In order to investigate this possibility, we looked to see if Engrailed could be secreted. RESULTS: Engrailed expressed in COS cells can be recovered in abutting primary neurons and this is dependent on a short sequence in its homeodomain distinct from 'classical' secretion signals. This sequence, which overlaps with the sequence necessary for Engrailed internalization and which is highly conserved among homeoproteins, is the first example of an 'unconventional' sequence necessary for secretion. Less than 50% of total intracellular Engrailed is secreted and there is a correlation between secretion and access to the membrane compartment where the protein is protected against proteinase K. CONCLUSIONS: Our results lend weight to the proposal that Engrailed, and possibly other homeoproteins, might act as intercellular polypeptidic messengers.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Measuring satisfaction among low-income women: a prenatal care questionnaire.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability and construct validity of a prenatal care satisfaction scale. METHOD: A prenatal care satisfaction scale that included six dimensions of care based on the literature was tested during a telephone interview with 101 first-time African-American and Mexican-American mothers 18 and over who receive Medicaid. RESULTS: The scale exhibited high reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.95), as well as good construct validity. The correlation between the scale and rating of the quality of care overall was 0.74 (p < 0.001); the correlation between the scale and whether the women would recommend this provider to a friend was 0.67 (p < 0.001). Results from correlation and factor analysis suggested a different set of dimensions than those described in the literature. CONCLUSION: The 22-question satisfaction with prenatal care scale has excellent reliability and construct validity and taps six established dimensions of satisfaction, including the art of care, technical quality, access, physical environment, availability, and efficacy. The multidimensional scale allows for alternative groupings of the domains of satisfaction as our understanding of prenatal care satisfaction increases.

Adolescent↗