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Biomedical subjects

D Robert

Publications and source records attributed to D Robert.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[The polishing of composite resins, a preliminary study using laser reflection].

Four types of composite resins have been submitted each to twelve different surface treatments. A Helium-Neon laser was used to illuminate these surfaces and the reflected beams were photographed. The pictures were ranked in increasing order of diffusion. The data collected in this pilot study, although they are not statistically valid, indicate that this method of analysis can be useful.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1989

Home positive pressure ventilation via nasal mask for patients with neuromusculoskeletal disorders.

29 patients with chronic respiratory failure due to neuromuscular deficits and restrictive chest wall disorders were treated with nocturnal ventilation via nasal mask at home for at least one year. Home ventilation was provided by a volume cycled positive pressure ventilator attached to a nasal mask which was made to measure by modelling silicon paste onto the patient's face. This method was well tolerated. The majority of the symptoms of hypoventilation rapidly disappeared with nocturnal ventilation and the daytime PaO2 and PaCO2 improved significantly allowing the patients to perform more daily activities. Nocturnal nasal ventilation is efficient but needs strict supervision. The nasal mask can replace or postpone tracheostomy which, if needed, remains a possible and efficient method.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMed1989

[A new enamel-dentin adhesive. Method of use].

This article reviews instructions for the use of a new enamel-dentin bonding agent, Scotchbond 2 from the 3M company. Precise recommendations relative to cervical lesions are presented and discussed.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1989

[Closure of residual clefts of the palate. Indications and technic].

Residual defects of the palate, a possible complication of early surgery in the view of MALEK and PSAUME, should be closed as early as possible in order to avoid compromising normal acquisition of language while respecting bony growth. The technique described (staphylorrhaphy under cover of a rigid compression arch) takes both these requirements into account.

Cleft Palate↗
PubMed1988

[Superiority of fiberoptic inflation compared to fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the early treatment of atelectasis under mechanical ventilation].

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a simple technique of active lung reexpansion through a fiberoptic bronchoscope, using a large volume syringe, with that of the conventional fiberoptic bronchoscope suction. Thirty consecutive patients with atelectasis were divided at random into two groups: with and without active inflation. The two groups were similar as regards age, sex-ratio, side and area involved in atelectasis. The group without inflation was less hypoxaemic than the other group (PaO2 202 and 140 mmHg respectively). Early and lasting improvement in chest X-ray and arterial blood gases occurred in both groups, but patients were significantly more improved during fiberoptic inflation. No pneumothorax or haemoptysis was observed during the procedure. These data prompt us to recommend active inflation instead of fiberoptic bronchoscopy suction alone for the emergency treatment of patients with severe hypoxaemic atelectasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Home parenteral nutrition for adults. Results of a multicenter survey in France].

Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is a growing therapy in North America and Europe. This first multicenter retrospective study of HPN in France has collected data on 81 patients sent home before December 31st, 1985. Intestinal failure, secondary to short bowel syndrome, small bowel stenosis or fistula, was the main indication for HPN. In 95 p. 100 of the cases, the clinical nutritional status during HPN was either normal or subnormal. The annual incidence of catheter change for technical complication was 0.78 and the mortality rate was 1.2 p. 100. Social rehabilitation was recovered during HPN in 60 p. 100 of patients. Thirty percent of the patients died of their primary disease during HPN but 43 p. 100 were off treatment, and 27 p. 100 were on HPN at the end of the study. The cost of HPN was reduced by 64 p. 100 in comparison with the cost of parenteral nutrition carried out in hospital.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Modifications in the urinary excretion of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid induced by vitamin K].

To evaluate urinary GLA excretion, a marker of vitamin K metabolism, the effect of an oral calcium load was studied in 8 volunteers under three conditions: (1) after 1.5 g elementary calcium (calcium carbonate), (2) after 1.5 g calcium (Ossopan, a preparation containing 1 mg osteocalcin per g) and (3) after 1.5 g calcium but with pretreatment of 10 mg vitamin K1 orally for 3 days. No differences in blood calcium, osteocalcin concentration of calciuria were observed. However, GLA excretion was significantly higher with Ossopan or after pretreatment with vitamin K1.

1-Carboxyglutamic Acid↗
PubMed1988

RNA in the nucleus of a motile plant spermatozoid: characterization by enzyme-gold cytochemistry and in situ hybridization.

To investigate the decrease of transcription and to determine the localization of RNA molecules during spermiogenesis in the fern Scolopendrium, we have used the enzyme-gold electron microscope method. During cell differentiation, the labeling decreases over the cytoplasm and increases over the nucleus. In the latter, the nucleolus disappears at the beginning of differentiation and the gold particles that were at first situated over the dispersed chromatin are then located over the condensed chromatin. In mature gametes, gold particles linked to RNA are abundant over the dense and homogeneous nucleus and sparse over the cytoplasm. By using in situ hybridization of RNA-poly(A) tails with radioactive poly(U) probes, we have shown that these RNA molecules are mRNA; they are located in the condensed chromatin of the mature sperm nucleus.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1988

Bacteremia following cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

After out of hospital CPR thirty three resuscitated patients were studied for bacteremic complications. Thirteen patients (39%) had two or more positive blood cultures during the twelve hours following CPR. Source of superinfection was a central venous catheter in one case (staphylococcus). The twelve other bacteremic patients had fetid diarrhea a few hours after admission. The same organism were found in blood and faeces (streptococcus D, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, acinetobacter, enterobacter). Mesenteric ischemia caused by a low cardiac output may explain the diarrhea and the intestinal origin of the septicemia. All patients (12 cases) with diarrhoea and bacteremia died. Patients who recovered without neurologic sequelae (4 cases) had never been septic and never had diarrhea.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Prematurity and work in pregnancy.

The frequency of low birth weight (less than or equal to 2500 g) and of preterm birth (less than 37 weeks) was studied in 22,761 single live births in relation to maternal employment, taking account of 11 nonoccupational confounding factors. There was some increase of low statistical significance in both types of prematurity in service and manufacturing sectors of industry. A substantial excess of preterm births was seen in women employed in food and beverage service (O/E = 1.29, p = 0.03) and psychiatric nursing (O/E = 2.47, p less than 0.01) and of low birth weight in food and beverage service (O/E = 1.30, p = 0.02), in chambermaids and cleaners (O/E = 1.42, p = 0.03), and in those employed in the manufacture of metal and electrical and certain other goods (O/E = 1.57, p less than 0.01). Heavy lifting and long hours of work were consistently related to both outcomes, changing shift work less consistently. Noise was associated with low birth weight in the health and manufacturing sectors. The findings of this study are unlikely to have resulted from subject or observer bias but the role of unidentified factors related to selection for work are difficult to assess.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Fetal death and work in pregnancy.

The relation between spontaneous abortion (n = 5010), stillbirth without congenital defect (n = 210), and working conditions was analysed in 22,613 previous pregnancies of 56,067 women interviewed, 1982-4, immediately after termination of their most recent (current) pregnancy. The 22,613 previous pregnancies were those in which at time of conception the women were employed 30 or more hours a week. Ratios of observed (O) to expected (E) fetal deaths after allowance by logistic regression for seven non-occupational confounding variables were calculated at four stages of pregnancy in 60 occupational groups and six main sectors for women whose work entailed various physical demands, environmental conditions, and exposure to chemicals. The O/E ratios for abortion were raised in the sales sector (1.13, p less than 0.05) and services sector (1.11, p less than 0.01) and for stillbirth in the sales sector (1.50, p less than 0.1). Substantially increased O/E ratios for late but not early abortion were found in operating room nurses (2.92, p less than 0.05), radiology technicians (3.82, p less than 0.01), and employees in agriculture and horticulture (2.40, p less than 0.05); in all categories the O/E ratio for stillbirth were also raised but only significantly (5.55, p less than 0.01) in the latter group. The O/E ratio for stillbirth was also raised in leather manufacture (3.09, p less than 0.01). In both individual and grouped analysis (the latter undertaken to minimise the possible effect of recall bias) significantly increased O/E ratios for abortion were found in women exposed to various high levels of physical stress, particularly weight lifting, other physical effort, and standing (p less than 0.01). Increased ratios for stillbirth at this level of significance (p less than 0.01) were found for other physical effort and vibration. Noteworthy chemical exposure was identified only in the health, services, and manufacturing sectors; the O/E ratio for stillbirth approached two in women exposed to solvents, almost all in manufacturing (p less than 0.01). In the latter sector exposed to solvents was also associated with an approximately 20% increase in abortion ratio at similar probability level.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1988

Work with visual display units in pregnancy.

Data from the Montreal survey on occupational factors in pregnancy were used to test the hypothesis that visual display units (VDUs) constitute a hazard to reproduction. Use of a VDU was recorded in 4712 current and 2164 previous pregnancies of women in full time employment at time of conception. After allowance for seven confounding variables, the risk of spontaneous abortion in current pregnancies relative to all working women was 1.19 (90% CI 1.09-1.30) and in previous pregnancies, 0.97. In an analysis by occupational title, in which 60 occupational groups were aggregated into eight categories according to use of VDUs, the relative risk for spontaneous abortion was 1.06 (90% CI 0.8-1.4) in current pregnancies and 1.01 (90% CI 0.7-1.3) in previous pregnancies. This suggests that the small excess of spontaneous abortions among individual women reporting the use of VDUs in current pregnancies may have been due to recall bias. Relative risks for stillbirth, preterm birth, and low birth weight all had 90% confidence limits which included unity. In an analysis of congenital defects the number of pregnancies was increased to include women who worked 15 or more hours a week. In all but one of nine groups of congenital defect examined confidence limits for the relative risk included unity in both current and previous pregnancies. The relative risks for the renal urinary group of defects were raised in both current (1.84, 90% CI 1.07-3.15) and previous pregnancies (1.66, 90% CI 0.82-3.25). There being no prior reason to suspect a causal link with this type of defect, interpretation remains open to question.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗