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Biomedical subjects

D Robert

Publications and source records attributed to D Robert.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Congenital defects and work in pregnancy.

The risk of congenital defect was examined in 47,913 pregnancies of women employed for 15 hours a week or more at time of conception. The rate of defects of all types per 1000 births in this series was 25.0; 1.8 from defects classified as chromosomal (group A), 10.8 as developmental (group B), and 12.5 as musculoskeletal (group C). Some evidence of an excess in the risk ratio (p less than 0.05) was found in the services sector and in four occupations--agriculture and horticulture (2.61), telephone and postal clerks (1.74), a miscellaneous group of service jobs (1.68), and receptionists and information clerks (1.47); excesses of lower statistical significance (p less than 0.1) were found in those engaged in plastics and rubber manufacture (2.02) and in child minders (1.84). There were two cases of tracheo-oesophageal fistula--a rare defect--among eight defects (1.32 expected) in agriculture and horticulture. Overall, the distribution of risk ratios in the 60 occupations examined was not significantly heterogeneous. Analysis of chemical exposure profiles for each occupational group showed no evidence of any increased risk, perhaps due to lack of sensitivity and discrimination in this method of exposure estimation. In 152 pregnancies of doctors and nurses who had administered antineoplastic drugs in the first month eight defects, miscellaneous in type, were observed compared with 4.05 expected (p = 0.05). Special study of musculoskeletal defects and work demands showed some evidence of an association with a long working week (greater than or equal to 46 hours) but no other ergonomic factor. With these few exceptions the survey failed to identify appreciable risk of congenital defect related to occupation.

Anesthetics↗
PubMed1988

[Severe pulmonary varicella in 7 non-immunodepressed adults].

We report seven cases of seven pulmonary varicella occurring in seven adults without any previous history of known immunological deficit. In all the cases the vesicular eruption was diffuse, occurring after contact with a child presenting with benign varicella. The respiratory signs appeared five to seven days after the cutaneous signs. On admission there was significant hypoxaemia (PaO2 = 35 to 47 mmHg on air), requiring positive pressure expiration (10 to 18 cmH2O) on mechanical ventilation (4 times) or spontaneous ventilation (3 times). The pulmonary radiographs showed diffuse nodular interstitial shadowing. Treatment consisted of Acyclovir (10 mg/kg/8 h). Five patients were cured without any sequellae five to six days after ventilation. One patient died (3 months pregnant), 1 patient presented with a superinfection with staphylococcus aureus. The occurrence of respiratory signs in an adult presenting with varicella requires hospitalisation for treatment with Acyclovir and also the prevention of superinfections.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1988

[Sleep apnea syndrome: late sequela of poliomyelitis].

A syndrome of sleep apnoea may appear 15 to 29 years after acute anterior poliomyelitis (PAA). It is generally a mixed syndrome with an association of central type and obstructive apnoea in variable proportions. We report such a case occurring in a patient who had presented 30 years before with PAA, and presenting on this occasion with resting pulmonary artery hypertension, polycythaemia but without disturbance of blood gases. Treatment with positive pressure ventilation was given by the nasal route at 10 cm of water leading to an improvement with a significant decrease in the number and duration of apnoeic episodes and a disappearance of desaturation. The sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS) should be considered as a possible late sequel of PAA.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Lipid myopathy: a heterogenic familial case].

A case is reported of lipid storage myopathy in a 24-year-old patient and her family. In the patient and an aunt, muscle biopsy disclosed intrafibrillar lipid depositions, and electron microscopy revealed lipid vesicles in the sarcolemma border. In the father, no lipid depositions were observed but electron microscopy showed alterations to mitochondria compatible with a mitochondrial myopathy. In the patient muscular biochemistry revealed a major reduction in NADH oxydase activity and in the aunt a diminished level of carnitin compatible with carnitin deficiency. The heterogeneity of these lipidic myopathies is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Mediastinitis caused by anaerobic bacteria. 4 cases].

In 4 cases of mediastinitis caused by anaerobes and consecutive to dental abscess (2 cases), perforation of the oesophagus and tonsillar abscess, the diagnosis was based on widening of the mediastinum associated, in 2 cases, with pneumomediastinum. II all 4 cases, Bacteroides fragilis was present among other germs. Treatment consisted of surgical drainage by thoracotomy (2 cases), or cervicotomy and antibiotic therapy. Two of the patients, who were old and had underlying diseases, died.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Laryngeal edema after extubation. Do corticosteroids play a role in its prevention?].

The role of corticosteroids in the prevention of post-extubation laryngeal oedema was evaluated in a randomized study of 276 patients under mechanical ventilation. Fifty per cent of the patients received methylprednisolone 40 mg intramuscularly and intravenously. The nasotracheal tubes used had a large volume, low-pressure balloon. Laryngeal oedema, confirmed by laryngoscopy, occurred in six patients (2%), 4 of whom were in the corticosteroid-treated group, and required immediate reintubation in 4 cases. Thus, the incidence of laryngeal oedema was not modified by corticosteroids. Regular prescription of corticosteroids does not seem to be useful before extubation of patients intubated with large volume, low-pressure balloon tubes.

Adolescent↗