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Biomedical subjects

D Robert

Publications and source records attributed to D Robert.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Pefloxacin: evolution of in vitro activity during 18 months of use in an intensive care unit.

The MIC of pefloxacin against all the strains (3122) isolated in an intensive care unit during 18 months was studied. The MIC of pefloxacin was estimated by standard agar diffusion method in Mueller-Hinton agar. All the strains with a MIC lower than 2 mg/l were considered as sensitive, between 2 and 4 mg/l as "intermediary" and over 4 mg/l as resistant. Geometrical means of MICs were calculated for each month and for different species. The study continued for 18 months from the introduction of the drug which was in widespread and constant use as a first-choice antibiotic. No significant increase was detected in the incidence of resistant strains during the study; on the other hand, small, limited clusters of resistant strains were observed during minor nosocomial epidemics. The general features of quinolone activity, the spectrum of this new quinolone and the slow evolution of the bacterial population are discussed.

Bacteria, Aerobic↗
PubMed1985

Does vitamin K excess induce ectopic calcifications in hemodialysis patients?

Vitamin K promotes the formation of gamma-carboxylated glutamic acid (Gla) residues within different protein classes such as vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, bone Gla-protein (BGP or osteocalcin), and atherocalcin. Gla-containing proteins have a high affinity for the Ca2+ ion. In addition to bone and atheromatous plaques they are also regularly found in ectopic calcifications, but not in uncalcified soft tissue. In the present study we investigate the possibility that vitamin K and BGP, in addition to previously recognized factors, may play a role in soft tissue calcification of chronic hemodialysis patients. Patients without radiovisible ectopic calcifications (group A) are compared to patients with such Ca deposits (group B). Both patient groups have comparable values of predialysis plasma Ca, P, alkaline phosphatases, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 25 hydroxyvitamin D. The CaxP product is slightly higher in group B than in group A patients. Plasma vitamin K1 levels of group B patients are increased to more than twice the values observed in group A patients. Plasma BGP, even though not significantly different, shows a trend towards decreased levels in group B patients. A positive correlation exists between plasma vitamin K1 and BGP for patient group A alone, but not for group B alone. A correlation is also observed between plasma PTH and BGP (all patients) and between serum alkaline phosphatases and plasma BGP (all patients). Taken together, these results favor the hypothesis that in addition to an increased CaxP product a vitamin K excess may induce soft tissue calcification in hemodialysis patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Eisenmenger's syndrome and pregnancy. Apropos of 2 spontaneous deliveries, one of which was fatal].

Two cases of spontaneous delivery at 27 weeks and 38 weeks are reported in two patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome. One case did not present any problems, while the other was followed by maternal death on the 6th day post-partum. The cause of death was similar to that of other cases reported in the literature. The pathophysiological explanation of the terminal clinical condition with refractory hypoxia remains unclear. In view of the maternal mortality of about 50 per cent, these patients should be prescribed effective contraception, free of thrombogenic and infectious risks. The therapeutic approach in patients who become pregnant is not well defined. However, a number of principles should be observed during delivery: oxygen therapy, rapid correction of haemorrhages, the timing and the modalities of anti-coagulation are controversial. The failure of the usual methods of resuscitation in the terminal stage raises the possibility of using fibrinolytics.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Local low-dose thrombolytic treatment with sequential urokinase-plasminogen in deep central venous thrombosis].

Four patients with recent central deep vein thrombosis (pelvis-superior mediastinum) were treated by local low dose infusions of urokinase (500 to 1000 IU/kg/h for 6 to 9 hours) followed by plasminogen (20 to 30 microkatals/h for 2 to 3 hours) associated with simultaneous anticoagulation with heparin. The treatment was continued for 83 to 160 hours until control phlebography showed dissolution of the thrombus. There were no haemorrhagic complications despite the presence of a number of risk factors which contraindicated treatment by a systemic route. Fibrinogen and FDP levels did not alter significantly. This therapeutic approach is worth considering and should be integrated among the therapeutic options available for cases of central deep vein thrombosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Role of the polysaccharide and of the lipopolysaccharide in the immunoprotective capacity of Klebsiella pneumoniae ribosomes.

Ribosomes, ribosomal RNA (r-RNA), capsular polysaccharide (PS-K) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were isolated and purified from Klebsiella pneumoniae, type I. The protective capacity of these different fractions was investigated in function of their analytical composition. The results show that ribosomes, and in particular, ribosomal RNA have the greatest protective activity at the lowest concentrations. The role of PS-K in the specific immune response to ribosomes was also investigated. Even at very high levels PS-K failed to afford any significant protection. LPS gave no protection. A stable r-RNA/PS-K complex was isolated by means of affinity chromatography. This complex was uncontaminated by LPS and its existence indicated strong bonding between surface polysaccharide antigens and r-RNA. The r-RNA/PS-K complex was not antigenic in itself but conferred good protection when combined with an adjuvant.

Animals↗