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Biomedical subjects

D Reid

Publications and source records attributed to D Reid.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Long-term survival in patients undergoing resection of abdominal aortic aneurysm.

The long-term survival of patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery is presented. Three-hundred and thirty-eight patients who presented with elective, urgent, or emergency abdominal aortic aneurysms, have been followed retrospectively for five years. We found no statistical difference in the long-term survival in these three groups of patients. As expected patients who had successful operation survived better than patients who were not offered surgery because of their poor medical condition. Interestingly, advancing years, history of myocardial infarction or hypertension did not significantly influence long-term survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The specific psychosocial effects of orthognathic surgery.

This study was to test the validity of patients' opinions and provide a more accurate method than previously reported of assessing the specific psycho-social effects of orthognathic surgery. Questionnaires were used preoperatively and postoperatively providing a longitudinal sample, while those patients who only completed questionnaires either before or after surgery provided cross-sectional samples. Different questionnaires were used to provide data on a 'Body Satisfaction Scale', 'Fear of Negative Evaluation', 'Social Avoidance and Distress', and a 'General Health Questionnaire'. The results indicate that surgery produced an improvement in body image, particularly in the evaluation of facial attractiveness.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Salmonella outbreak in a nursing home.

We performed a retrospective review of an outbreak of Salmonella gastroenteritis that occurred in a community nursing home in 1987. Forty-four of 199 residents had a diarrheal illness; Salmonella heidelberg was isolated from the stool in 19 cases. Although the distribution of cases suggested a common source for the outbreak, no common source of infection could be demonstrated, despite extensive investigation. The clinical presentation of symptomatic individuals ranged from mild diarrhea to a severe gastrointestinal illness, and 26% of symptomatic, culture-positive patients required hospitalization. The median duration of pathogen excretion during convalescence in untreated residents was six weeks, but six patients who were treated with antibiotics shed S. heidelberg for a median duration of 14.5 weeks. We conclude that (1) the clinical spectrum of Salmonella gastroenteritis in nursing-home patients is variable, ranging from mild to severe illness; and (2) nursing-home Salmonella outbreaks impose a high economic burden because of expense of epidemiologic investigation, prolonged isolation measures, hospitalization for severely ill residents, and potential institutional closure.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Screening impotence by home nocturnal tumescence self-monitoring.

Twenty subjects complaining of impotence were assessed using nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT), neurological, vascular and hormonal analysis. Subjects undertook NPT in both home and hospital environments: 10 hospital first and 10 home first. There were high levels of agreement between diagnosis using NPT in the two conditions and diagnosis from the physiological tests. There was a high correlation of frequency of erections between the home and hospital conditions, together with a high consecutive night reliability when using the monitor in the home condition (r = .94, p = .001).

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1989

Direct evidence for a role of intramitochondrial Ca2+ in the regulation of oxidative phosphorylation in the stimulated rat heart. Studies using 31P n.m.r. and ruthenium red.

1. The concentrations of free ATP, phosphocreatine (PCr), Pi, H+ and ADP (calculated) were monitored in perfused rat hearts by 31P n.m.r. before and during positive inotropic stimulation. Data were accumulated in 20 s blocks. 2. Administration of 0.1 microM-(-)-isoprenaline resulted in no significant changes in ATP, transient decreases in PCr, and transient increases in ADP and Pi. However, the concentrations of all of these metabolites returned to pre-stimulated values within 1 min, whereas cardiac work and O2 uptake remained elevated. 3. In contrast, in hearts perfused continuously with Ruthenium Red (2.5 micrograms/ml), a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, administration of isoprenaline caused significant decreases in ATP, and also much larger and more prolonged changes in the concentrations of ADP, PCr and Pi. In this instance values did not fully return to pre-stimulated concentrations. Administration of Ruthenium Red alone to unstimulated hearts had minor effects. 4. It is proposed that, in the absence of Ruthenium Red, the transmission of changes in cytoplasmic Ca2+ across the mitochondrial inner membrane is able to maintain the phosphorylation potential of the heart during positive inotropic stimulation, through activation of the Ca2+-sensitive intramitochondrial dehydrogenases (pyruvate, NAD+-isocitrate and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenases) leading to enhanced NADH production. 5. This mechanism is unavailable in the presence of Ruthenium Red, and oxidative phosphorylation must be stimulated primarily by a fall in phosphorylation potential, in accordance with the classical concept of respiratory control. However, the full oxidative response of the heart to stimulation may not be achievable under such circumstances.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1989

The cGMP-gated channel of bovine rod photoreceptors is localized exclusively in the plasma membrane.

Although there have been several reports pertaining to the existence of the cGMP-gated channel in the disk membrane of rod photoreceptors, its density there relative to that of the photoreceptor plasma membrane is unknown. Using immunoblotting, immunohistochemical, and reconstitution techniques on purified disk and plasma membrane preparations, we found that the density of channels in the plasma membrane was at least 50-fold higher than that of the disk membrane. Purification of membrane fractions without prior digestion of cytoskeletal components by mild trypsinization was found to increase the amount of channel protein present in disk membrane preparations. We propose that the presence of the channel protein in rod disk membrane preparations is an artifact arising from fusion of plasma membrane components during permeabilization of the photoreceptor cell.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Lochgoilhead fever: outbreak of non-pneumonic legionellosis due to Legionella micdadei.

Analysis of case histories from 187 people who had visited a hotel and leisure complex in Lochgoilhead, a village on the west coast of Scotland, indicated that 170 had had an acute illness characterised by headache, fatigue, arthralgia, myalgia, cough, and breathlessness. These symptoms were consistent with Pontiac fever-like illness. Legionella micdadei was isolated from the leisure complex whirlpool spa at the time that 60 of 72 individuals with symptoms seroconverted to L micdadei antigen. This outbreak is thought to be the first of a Pontiac fever-like illness ascribed to L micdadei and the first large-scale outbreak of its kind to have occurred outside North America. Whirlpool spas can be a major reservoir of legionella organisms; they must therefore be properly maintained and operated to prevent outbreaks of infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Development of a multidisciplinary feeding profile for children who are dependent feeders.

The multidisciplinary feeding profile (MFP) is the first statistically based protocol for the quantitative assessment of feeding disorders in severely disabled children. This assessment can be completed in 30-45 min with foods and facilities that are available in homes, hospitals, and chronic care units. This paper describes the state of current testing methods, the parameters of successful feeding activity, the development of the test protocol, and the results of statistical analyses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

How necessary is immunoglobulin for travellers going abroad?

Sera obtained from 511 travellers overseas from the West of Scotland were tested for antibody to hepatitis A; 64 per cent were seropositive. The seropositivity rate varied with age, ranging from 30 per cent in those aged under 20 years to 89 per cent in those over 60. These findings indicate that the beneficial effect of giving immunoglobulin to prevent hepatitis A is likely to be high in younger travellers but becomes increasingly less necessary in older persons.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Health hazards of international travel.

The growth of travel and the increasing numbers of those affected by travel-related illnesses, some of a serious nature, will cause this subject to demand the attention of the medical profession, the travel trade, travellers themselves and the health authorities of countries receiving tourists. Provision of appropriate advice for the traveller is a shared responsibility, best channelled mainly through travel agencies; it can moreover be shown to be cost-beneficial. Continued monitoring of illness in travellers and provision of information systems geared to this problem and its prevention are fully justified. They should be based on traditional channels of communication and currently-available modern technology, and be readily accessible to medical and related workers. Increased collaboration between medical workers, health educators and those involved in the travel trade would be a positive and useful contribution towards the reduction of illness and discomfort among travellers and the associated expense incurred by the various national health services concerned. There are clearly economic benefits from the development of international tourism, but these have to be balanced in countries accepting tourists by attention to the prevention of illnesses associated with travel.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Qualitative discrimination between cocaine and amphetamine in rats.

After extensive training, rats discriminated amphetamine (1 mg/kg) from cocaine (either 5, 10 or 12.5 mg/kg) in a two lever drug versus drug discrimination task. In tests with saline, selection of the cocaine lever occurred in animals trained with 5 mg/kg cocaine. At higher training doses of cocaine, a (dose-related) tendency for lever selection to be equally distributed between the two levers was seen after saline injections. These data show that, at specific pairs of doses of cocaine and amphetamine, a qualitative discrimination between the drugs develops.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1988

Cell sedimentation with gravity activation.

Murine monoclonal antibody T101 has been coupled to thinly polymer-coated heavy alloy particles (LaMn2Ge2). These conjugates are coupled to cultured cells of the human T-cell leukemia line RPMI 8402 (T8402). The sedimentation velocities of cells, of particles, and of cells with particles attached are measured. After determining the mean radii of cells, of particles, and of cells with particles attached, one may compute a mean number of 33 particles attached to a cell. Independently one may compute a mean number of 144 particles/cell for surface saturation. The Appendix handles the underlying theory in three parts: number of particles/cell, saturation number of particles/cell, and resolution for gravity activation. Regarding the latter, cell radii from 4 to 10 microns and particle radii from 0.01 to 1 micron are considered.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1988

The Ontario College of Occupational Therapists: a survey.

A survey was conducted to examine how familiar Ontario occupational therapists are with the Ontario College of Occupational Therapists (OCOT), and to identify their attitudes concerning self-regulation. A questionnaire was mailed to 100 occupational therapists, 50 non-members and 50 members of the OCOT. Sixty-four (64%) occupational therapists comprised the final sample; 30 members and 34 non-members. The prototypical member is over the age of 30 years, has worked more than ten years, and has graduated from a diploma program in occupational therapy. The prototypical non-member has worked for less than five years, has graduated from a degree program in occupational therapy, and is under the age of 30 years. The results indicated that: (1) both members and non-members work full-time in a hospital setting in the area of adult physical medicine as staff therapists; and (2) are involved in their professional associations, i.e., the Ontario Society of Occupational Therapists (OSOT) and the Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists (C.A.O.T.). Both groups support the concept of a self-regulatory body, however they view its purpose quite differently. The study further suggested that the majority of occupational therapists surveyed are not aware of the many issues surrounding regulation, i.e., provisions asked for by the OCOT under the Health Disciplines Act. The results are discussed with their implications for the OCOT and for Ontario occupational therapists.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1988

Influenza and the 'spotter' general practitioner.

The title ;spotter' practitioner has come to refer particularly to influenza surveillance. Worldwide, a variety of surveillance schemes have been developed, influenced by local health care systems. In the United Kingdom general practitioners can contribute to the Royal College of General Practitioners' weekly returns service or to national or regional schemes. Scotland has had a national system since 1971, supplemented by weekly laboratory returns and local employment and school absenteeism records. Further sources of information about morbidity and their validity need to be explored as does the contribution of new technological developments. However, the prime source - the general medical practitioner - should not be neglected.

Data Collection↗