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Biomedical subjects

D Passàli

Publications and source records attributed to D Passàli.

52 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Multicenter study on the treatment of secretory otitis media with ambroxol. Importance of a surface-tension-lowering substance.

Animal studies showed the presence of a surfactant substance in the Eustachian tube. On the premise that alteration of surfactant-like substance might cause pathology of the middle ear in man, a multicenter (24 ENT hospitals) double-blind trial versus placebo was carried out in 435 adults and children with secretory otitis media. Treatment was ambroxol, a drug that changes the bronchial secretions and promotes surfactant synthesis. The dosage regimen was as follows: adults--one 30-mg tablet of ambroxol 3 times/day; children--9 mg of ambroxol syrup, 4 times daily. The treatment lasted 15 days. The clinical signs and symptoms (hypoacusis, conduction deafness) and the otoscopic and rhinoscopic findings of treated patients improved. The differences in these parameters between patients given ambroxol and the controls were statistically significant (p less than 0.05). The symptomatological amelioration was supported by improvement in tympanometric findings and hearing threshold. Drug tolerance was excellent.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Normal values of mucociliary transport time in young subjects.

The authors studied the behaviour of nasal mucociliary transport (MCT) in 54 (33 female/21 male) normal children aged between 3 and 12 years, in orthostatic and clinostatic positions. The nasal MCT time was recorded with the stained tracer method; vegetal coal powder was used since it fulfills the required characteristics: it is neither toxic, nor soluble and can be easily detected. The examinations were carried out at the same time of day on two consecutive days under the same conditions of temperature and relative humidity. The statistical analysis of the results indicated an average nasal MCT time of 9.96 +/- 2.61 min in the orthostatic (upright) position and of 9.98 +/- 2.31 min in the clinostatic (lying) position: these values should be considered normal. No statistically significant difference was noted attributable to sex or posture.

Child↗
PubMed1984

Transtympanic iontophoresis: personal experience.

After having described the method of application used for iontophoresis and the results of previous studies carried out by other authors in the hope of finding a definite use for its clinical application, the authors present their personal experience carried out with the use of various chemical substances applied to both the guinea pig and to man. The chemicals taken into consideration were those used in the treatment of otitis media: anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, and mucolytic products. Iontophoresis proved to be a simple and effective method for the treatment of certain middle ear diseases, and offered a more rapid recovery in comparison with subjects treated uniquely by traditional methods.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1983

Screening of allergic rhinitis.

The author, in an attempt to define the most suitable means for the preclinical diagnosis of allergic rhinopathy, submitted 1620 pupils from seven different state schools to examination. Their parents were asked to fill in a questionnaire through which 370 were considered to be "at risk". All children underwent scratch skin tests: 73 with positive skin reactions also underwent nasal examination, measurement of immunoglobulins in nasal secretion, rhinomanometry, nasal exposition tests, determination of blocking antibodies and radiological examination of the paranasal sinuses. RAST was carried out in 30 cases. After the analysis of the clinical data, the author came to the conclusion that the tests of nasal conductance and provocation, of mucociliary clearance and determination of blocking antibodies are adequate means for the long term study of allergic rhinitis and for the follow-up of contingent hyposensitization therapy. As far as the preclinical diagnosis is concerned the skin tests and the radiological examination of the paranasal sinuses are to be considered more specific than RAST which, in the population sample taken into consideration, was positive exclusively in those cases that already had a manifest symptom complex.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of inhalation form of furosemide to prevent postsurgical relapses of rhinosinusal polyposis.

The aim of the work is to demonstrate the efficacy of furosemide to prevent relapses of rhinosinusal polyps after surgical treatment. Two groups of people with rhinosinusal polyposis were enrolled: the study group consisted of 64 patients and the control group of 40 subjects. After surgical treatment, the study group started the therapy with topical furosemide; the control group had no treatment administered after the operation. Six years after the operation only 4 cases of relapse were noticed in the study group (10%), while there were 12 relapses, 4 slight (6.4%) and 8 severe (20%), in the control group. In conclusion, furosemide could represent a valid therapeutic aid in the prevention of nasosinusal polyps.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experiences in the determination of nasal mucociliary transport time.

This study is an attempt to establish the most suitable inert substance and normal parameters for nasal mucociliary transport time in normal adults: 79 subjects were taken into consideration, aged between 19 and 74 years, and were selected on the basis of negative outcome to anterior and posterior rhinoscopy , absence of any recent manifestation of rhinopharyngeal pathology and absence of allergy. The authors examined the possible modification of this particular index of nasal function in relation to the position of the head, when inclined or erect, to physical stress and to the hour at which the trials were carried out (9.30 a.m.-5.30 p.m.); they also carried out a statistical analysis of the results. For the study of the nasal mucociliary transport (MCT) time, an original composition of vegetable charcoal powder and saccharin powder at 3% is used. Vegetable charcoal powder was chosen because, not only it is non-toxic and easy to trace, but also because it is insoluble in water and therefore able to provide data on MCT time much nearer to that of effective MCT. Pure saccharin powder was added to the vegetable charcoal powder both in order to offer further data on a soluble substance as opposed to an insoluble one, and also because, as such, it interacts readily with the fluid which covers the mucus and provides an MCT time presumably nearer to that of clearance. From the statistical analysis of the data, it is possible to affirm that charcoal powder is the most suitable inert substance for the quantification of the parameter of 'normality'.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Circadian changes in the secretory activity of nasal mucosa.

In this experiment the authors examined the nasal secretum of 36 normal subjects. Samples were taken at 10 a.m., 1 p.m., 4 p.m., 7 p.m., 10 p.m., 1 a.m., 4 a.m., for 3 days and 2 weeks later. SIgA, albumin and urea were measured in the secretum. The values obtained showed an increase in the three substances, when correlated to a different transudation during the 24 h, but the greater increase in SIgA must be attributed to an accentuated local production. Undoubtedly there exists a circadian modification in the production of SIgA, with higher values during the night than during the day.

Albumins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Haemostatic ointment efficacy in the treatment and prevention of epistaxis: a multi-centric study in 100 patients].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the protective effects of an haemostatic ointment, at rhinosinusal mucosa level, on the development of bleeding in patients affected by epistaxis or with a positive clinical history for epistaxis in previous 7 days. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 100 patients affected by epistaxis or with a positive clinical history for epistaxis in previous 7 days. Patients underwent 15 days of treatment with an haemostatic ointment 2 times/day. RESULTS: The haemostatic ointment significantly reduced the percentage of patients affected by epistaxis and the number and severity of bleeding episodes (p < 0.001). 51% of patients experienced nasal obstruction during treatment, which persisted at the end of therapy only in 11% of them (p < 0.001). Nasal burning, nasal itching and rinorrhea involved less than 40% of patients in the first days of treatment and no more than 10% at the end of therapy (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The use of the haemostatic ointment in the treatment and in the prevention of not severe epistaxis acquire, in our opinion, a strong rationale.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Efficacy and distribution pattern of the medical device Prima Difesa on rhinosinusal area].

AIM: Common cold is the commonest form of acute rhinitis and the first pathology of the upper airways. Viruses, the main responsible of this pathology, carry out their cytopathic effect on the ciliated cells of the airways mucosa. Mucociliary transport shows their dangerous effect. The aim of our study is to evaluate the effect of the medical device Prima Difesa on the functioning of the mechanism thanks to its composition and its distribution modality in the nasal cavities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study has been performed on three groups of subjects with their informed consent: Group A (30 healthy subjects: 19 M, 11 F; 18-36 yrs, mean age: 29.1 yrs), Gruppo B (30 patients affected by rhinosinusal pathology: 7 M, 13 F; 19-38 yrs, mean age 30.7 yrs) and Group C (20 healthy subjects: 12 M, 8 F; 20-40 yrs, mean age: 32.2 yrs). The protocol of administration for the Group A and B, in order to evaluate the efficacy of Prima Difesa, consisted of 2 puff per nostril of Prima Difesa 4 times a day over 15 days. The follow-up of patients belonging to Grup A and Group B was articulated in three consecutive visits, each consisting of: anterior rhinoscopy, active anterior rhinomanometry, measurement of mucociliary transport (TMCt). The C patients underwent only one administration of the device to the extent of evaluating through endoscopy its distribution modality in the nasal cavities. RESULTS: The results show that clinical effects, evaluated in term of improvement of MCTt and in term of decreasing of nasal resistance, are particularly clear in patients with alterations of these parameters caused by rhinosinusal pathologies. The device can reach the "key" areas of rhinosinusal pathologies that are: middle turbinate and osteomeatal complex. Beside, the percentage of diffusion, about 30% of the middle turbinate head, justifies its clinical effect. CONCLUSIONS: The medical device Prima Difesa has resulted to be able in interfering with the correct maintenance and performance of the Mucociliary Transport mechanism, that represents an important aspecific machinery for the local defence of nasal mucosa by microbial injuries.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Arteriovenous anastomosis in nasal cavities using microcorrosion technique].

In the present study the morphology of arteriovenous anastomoses in the nasal area are analyzed using the microcorrosion technique. This technique calls for perfusion of the vascular system, passing through the left ventricle, with Batson's of the vessels. For the first time in the microcorrosion study of the nasal vascular network human fetuses (from the 12th to 24th week of intrauterine life) obtained from spontaneous abortions were used as well as rats weighing from 250 to 300 gr. The animals were anesthetized with sodium thiopental prior to administration of the resin. A specimen containing the facial muscles, the nasal pyramid, the maxillary bone and the palatine bones was excised. Then, from this specimen the nasal septum and the two lateral portions of the nose were obtained. The bony and soft perivascular tissues were removed by placing the casts in an aqueous 20% KOH solution. Finally the corrosion cases were observed under a scanning electron microscope (EM). Within the nasal cavities the microcorrosion technique makes it possible to identify three different vascular layers: superficial, intermediate and deep. In the latter it proved possible to visualize the two types of arteriovenous anastomoses: i.e. simple and complex. On the basis of both vascular course and the impressions left by the endothelial cell nuclei it proved possible to differentiate between the arterial and venous portions of the anastomoses.

Animals↗