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Biomedical subjects

D Osborne

Publications and source records attributed to D Osborne.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Disturbances of trabecular architecture in the upper end of the femur in childhood.

Trabeculae represent the smallest functional component of bone visible with conventional radiographic methods. Their architecture is affected by mechanical, hormonal, nutritional, genetic, toxic, and local disease processes. Trabecular evaluation, if coupled with a knowledge of normal trabecular development in children, can represent a sensitive index of bone malfunction, at least as judged radiographically. This paper explores alterations in the trabecular architecture of the upper end of the femur in children.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1981

Single photon emission computed tomography in the canine lung.

A whole body single photon emission computed tomographic system (SPECT) has been used to investigate canine pulmonary perfusion utilizing 99mTc-microspheres and has been compared to conventional radionuclide pulmonary perfusion studies. The SPECT data were reconstructed and displayed in 32 transverse, 16 sagittal, and 16 coronal plane sections, producing additional anatomical information on the pattern of pulmonary perfusion compared to that available with the conventional perfusion scan. The major bronchi, the major blood vessels, and the pulmonary hila are readily seen on the SPECT examination (confirmed anatomically) but are not easily identified on a conventional lung scan. Qualitative assessment of serial SPECT scans established that the distribution and relative concentration of infected radiopharmaceutical was consistent provided the studies had been performed with the animal in the same anatomical position. Changes in the dog's position resulted in a redistribution of radiopharmaceutical such that the most dependent lung contained the greatest concentration.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Case report. Atypical findings in adrenoleukodystrophy.

Computed tomography (CT) in a child with typical clinical and biochemical features of adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) revealed striking pathologic enhancement in the centra semiovalia, posterior corpus callosum, and corticospinal tracts within the internal capsules, cerebral peduncles, and basis pontis. Central calcifications were detected within otherwise typical symmetrical low attenuation lesions in the periatrial white matter. These findings further expand the spectrum of CT abnormalities in ALD and may represent a link between the recently described Type 1 and Type 11 CT patterns.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1981

Case report. Transient cerebral ischemia as a manifestation of ruptured intracranial dermoid cyst.

Transient cerebral ischemia was the initial manifestation of a ruptured intracranial dermoid cyst in a young adult male. The ischemia could have resulted from vasospasm caused by release of the contents of the dermoid cyst into the subarachnoid space or from other local effects of the tumor. The role of computed tomography in the evaluation of patients with transient cerebral ischemia is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Dynamic computed tomography study of the brain.

The dynamic computed tomography study of the brain consists of the rapid intravenous injection of 49 ml of radiographic contrast material in 7 sec followed by serial 5-sec CT scans with interscan times of only 1 sec. The data from these scans can be reprocessed to create 12 segmented images in 35 sec. When small samples of four or six pixels of cortex are examined by the cursor, sharp rises of 20 to 25 CT units (500 scale) are seen on the time-density curves. Samples of white matter are usually no more than two CT units. When larger cursor samples of 220 to 255 pixels including cortex and white matter are examined, the time-density curves represent a combination of these two patterns. Comparison between symmetrical areas in the two hemispheres generally shows parallel curves in controls. The studies provide high-resolution cerebral perfusion images. In ischemia secondary to ipsilateral carotid stenosis, there is depression of the up-slope and a depressed late peak. Infarctions show a flat perfusion curve. Several patterns in brain tumors have been illustrated. The study, simple to perform, adds significant perfusion information to the previously static CT examination of the brain.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Chronic pain patients and spouses: marital and sexual adjustment.

Fifty married patients who were referred to a pain-management program and their spouses were interviewed independently concerning marital-sexual adjustment. The effect of pain on frequency and quality of sexual activity, and the effect of sexual activity on pain, showed a consistent trend toward deterioration in sexual activity after the onset of pain complaints in both patient and spouse groups. Ratings of overall sexual adjustments and adjustment in marriage were essentially the same for both groups before the onset of pain; but after pain onset a significantly large number of spouses rated their marriage below average, whereas most patients rated it average or above average. For the pain patient and his or her spouse, it seems very important that open and candid communication exist about the constant problem of adjusting to chronic pain, and the spouse should participate in the treatment program.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1980

The development of the upper end of the femur, with special reference to its internal architecture.

The development of the upper end of the femur was determined from radiographic analysis of the hips in 191 children and a small series of cadaver specimens from young subjects, with special attention directed to the internal architecture. At birth, linearly arranged trabeculae are present but not visible on conventional radiographs. During the latter part of the first year, trabeculae are seen on conventional studies in an apparently random orientation. Although the principal medial and lateral groups of trabeculae can be shown on coronal slab sections before the end of the first year, they cannot usually be seen on conventional radiographs until 12 to 24 months. The trabecular pattern is well established by the fifth year, although the secondary lateral and linearly oriented trochanteric trabeculae are not easily seen before adolescence. The relevance of these findings in relation to diseases of the hip and upper femur is examined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Psychologic characteristics of patients with female urethral syndrome.

Numerous investigations have been conducted in an effort to determine the cause of the female urethral syndrome. Bacterial and anatomic causes rarely have been identified. Using the MMPI, we evaluated 56 women with thus syndrome and compared them with control patients of similar ages. Statistically significant increases in the F, hysteria, hypochondriasis, and schizophrenia scales were found in the patients with the female urethral syndrome. These scores suggest the presence of a psychophysiologic process in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Inflatable penile prosthesis: follow-up study of patient-partner satisfaction.

The surgical success rates using implantable penile prostheses are well documented, although follow-up on their functional success is required. In this study of 175 patients with an inflatable penile prosthesis, patients and their partners were evaluated as to patient-partner satisfaction, levels of satisfaction, causes of dissatisfaction, frequency of intercouse, and over-all acceptance of the device by patient and partner. The initial satisfaction rates of 79 per cent were significantly improved to 89 per cent after management of specific unrecognized complications. The high levels of satisfaction found in this study continue to support our guidelines for device selection and implantation.

Coitus↗
PubMed1979

Dynamic computed tomography study of the brain.

The dynamic computed tomography (CT) study of the brain consists of the rapid intravenous injection of 49 ml of radiographic contrast material in 7 sec followed by serial 5 sec CT scans with interscan times of only 1 sec. The data from these scans can be reprocessed to create 12 segmented images in 35 sec. When small samples of four to six pixels of cortex are examined by the cursor, sharp rises of 20 to 25 CT units (500 scale) are seen on the time--density curves. Samples of white matter are usually no more than 2 CT units. When larger cursor samples of 220 to 255 pixels including cortex and white matter are examined, the time--density curves represent a combination of these two patterns. Comparison between symmetrical areas in the two hemispheres generally shows parallel curves in controls. The studies provide high resolution cerebral perfusion images. In ischemia secondary to ipsilateral carotid stenosis, there is depression of the up-slope and a depressed and late peak. Infarctions show a flat perfusion curve. Several patterns in brain tumors are illustrated. The study, simple to perform, adds significant perfusion information to the previously static CT examination of the brain.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Radiology of epidemic adenovirus 21 infection of the lower respiratory tract in infants and young children.

The radiologic features of 18 children admitted to Princess Mary Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand, in the winter and spring of 1977 with adenovirus 21 infection are reported. Attention is drawn to the severity of the disease in the respiratory tract, manifest radiologically as widespread patchy or confluent pulmonary opacification, extensive bronchial wall thickening, or peribronchial linear opacities. No hilar adenopathy was present. Prominent residual bronchopulmonary abnormalities were present in 13 of 15 patients 6--12 months after epidemic. High kilovoltage chester radiography or bronchography demonstrated bronchiectasis in five patients. These findings emphasize the role of adenovirus as a cause of chronic pulmonary disease and bronchiectasis in children.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1978

Standard scores for Wechsler memory scale subtests.

Equations are provided for the calculation of age-corrected standard scores with a mean of 10 and a standard deviation of 3 for the Mental Control, Logical Memory, Visual Reproduction, and Associate Learning subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scale. Use of the standard scores is expected to facilitate intersubtest comparisons.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Muscle tension and personality.

Studied the relationship between skeletal muscle activity and personality variables as measured by the MMPI in 17 male and 51 female patients (most with chronic pain) in a large general hospital. After administration of the MMPI, muscle activity was measured from the frontalis. A biserial correlation coefficient was calculated between muscle tension and each of 12 MMPI scales. The high-tension group obtained a significantly higher score on scale L and a significantly lower score on scale PD.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Biofeedback-assisted relaxation training for primary dysmenorrhea: a case study.

Primary dysmenorrhea is a familiar complaint to medical practitioners. Recently, behavior therapy has been shown to be an effective treatment for the symptoms of dysmenorrhea. The present case study offers biofeedback-assisted relaxation treatment as an effective alternative treatment. The Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire was used to classify dysmenorrhea as spasmodic or congestive. This classification provides homogeneous groups of patients. The patient in this study had an 18-year history of primary dysmenorrhea that was resistant to hormonal and analgesic treatment. After two months of baseline observation, she was given eight sessions of skin-temperature biofeedback and autogenic training. She reported significant reduction of pain and discomfort with the use of biofeedback-assisted relaxation. Desensitization using visual imagery, an important component of previous therapies, was not used. Further examination of the efficacy of biofeedback-assisted relaxation training for the treatment of both congestive and spasmodic dysmenorrhea is suggested.

Adult↗