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Biomedical subjects

D Ophir

Publications and source records attributed to D Ophir.

98 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of steam inhalation on nasal patency and nasal symptoms in patients with the common cold.

The effects of steam inhalation on nasal patency and on nasal symptoms were studied in 62 patients with the common cold by a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Treatment consisted of two 20-minute sessions, during which the patient inhaled saturated, hot (42 degrees to 44 degrees C) air through the nose. The subjective response was recorded by each patient during the week following treatment on a daily symptom score card. Nasal patency was determined before treatment, the following day, and 1 week later by measuring peak nasal expiratory and inspiratory air flow. Highly reproducible results were obtained by using these objective methods. Steam inhalation resulted in alleviation of cold symptoms and increased nasal patency in a significantly higher percentage of patients in the actively treated group than in the placebo-treated group. Possible explanations for the effectiveness of treatment are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute mastoiditis: a review of 69 cases.

Sixty-nine cases of acute mastoiditis were managed at the Kaplan Hospital in Israel during a 10-year period. About two thirds (68%) recovered with conservative therapy consisting of wide myringotomy and intravenous antimicrobial therapy, usually ampicillin and cloxacillin. One third (22 patients) were managed surgically by complete mastoidectomy. Indications for surgery were subperiosteal abscess, based on clinical findings in 20 patients; one had septic fever that did not respond to antimicrobial therapy, and one had signs of meningeal irritation. Mastoid radiographs played no role in the decision to operate. Four cases of unsuspected epidural abscess were found, two behind intact tegmental bone. Acute mastoiditis develops mostly in ears that have not been immune to previous infections; thus the mucosal barrier is broken easily and osteitis occurs. Although with the advent of antimicrobial therapy the presentation and course of the disease are milder, the disease is still serious and potentially lethal.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of elevated intranasal temperature on subjective and objective findings in perennial rhinitis.

The effects of elevated intranasal temperature on symptoms and signs of perennial rhinitis were studied in 78 patients by a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Patients were subjected to two treatments separated by a 1-week interval. Each treatment consisted of three 30-minute sessions, during which the patient's intranasal temperature was raised by inhalation of saturated hot air (42 degrees C to 44 degrees C). Subjective response was recorded on a daily symptom score card during the week following treatment. Nasal patency was determined before and after treatment by measuring maximal nasal expiratory and inspiratory airflow and by measuring the area covered with vapor formed by the exhaled air on a plate. Highly reproducible results were obtained by using these three objective methods. Elevation of intranasal temperature resulted in amelioration of rhinitis symptoms and in objective evidence of increased nasal patency in a significant percentage of patients compared to the placebo-treated group.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The inferior turbinate mast cell population of patients with perennial allergic and nonallergic rhinitis.

The number of mast cells in the inferior turbinates of patients with perennial allergic rhinitis and perennial nonallergic rhinitis was compared with normal controls. Mast cell counts expressed as the mean number in 100 high-power fields, assessed after Carnoy's fixation and toluidine blue staining were 1.84 in normal controls (n = 11), 4.39 in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis (n = 13), and 4.00 in those with perennial nonallergic rhinitis (n = 26). Statistical analysis confirmed that the density of mast cells in allergic as well as in nonallergic patients was significantly higher than in normal controls, whereas no significant difference was found between the number of mast cells in allergic and nonallergic patients. It is concluded that the number of mast cells in the inferior turbinate mucosa of patients with perennial rhinitis is increased compared with normal controls, and the increased number is not necessarily allergy-dependent.

Acetic Acid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Goblet cell density of the inferior turbinates in patients with perennial allergic and nonallergic rhinitis.

Nasal mucus production is regulated by submucosal glands and epithelial goblet cells. The role and especially the number of the latter are quite debatable. The present study compares the distribution and density of goblet cells in the inferior turbinates of patients with perennial allergic and nonallergic rhinitis to normal controls. The periodic acid Schiff-alcian blue whole-mount method was used to identify and count their number. Goblet cell distribution was found nonhomogeneous, and considerable variations were observed among adjacent localities of the same specimen. The mean number of goblet cells per mm2 was 6499 in normal controls (n = 12), 6818 in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis (n = 13), and 6801 in patients with perennial nonallergic rhinitis (n = 18). Statistical analysis confirmed that the density of goblet cells did not differ significantly between patients with and without allergy, as well as between each group of patients and controls. Therefore, it could be concluded that the number of goblet cells in the inferior turbinate is not influenced by the presence of perennial allergic or nonallergic rhinitis.

Cell Count↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Subjective comparison of Nd:YAG, diode, and CO2 lasers for endoscopically guided inferior turbinate reduction surgery.

Lasers using different wavelengths and delivery systems have been used to reduce the inferior turbinate mass when hypertrophic inferior turbinates obstruct the nasal airway. Different laser systems produce different laser-tissue interactions. This study presents a comparison between three laser systems: CO2, Nd:YAG, and Diode lasers for inferior turbinate reduction surgery, all performed under endoscopic control. A total of 46 patients were randomized into three treatment groups and followed for more than 1 year. Subjective and objective data were collected. Subjective impressions of improved nasal airway was achieved in 41% (Diode), 47% (Nd:YAG) and 57% (CO2) and was not statistically significant. There was more postoperative bleeding in the CO2 laser group, with 3 patients requiring tamponade. The CO2 laser procedure also took longer to perform. These results failed to show a significant difference between the different lasers for inferior turbinate reduction. Overall, the results were not impressive.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inferior turbinate goblet cell secretion in patients with perennial allergic and nonallergic rhinitis.

Perennial rhinitis is clinically associated with a significant increase in nasal mucus secretion. Moreover, it has already been established that the number of goblet cells, in the inferior turbinates of patients with perennial allergic and nonallergic rhinitis, does not differ from that of normal subjects. Thus a question is raised, whether the above-mentioned phenomenon is ascribed exclusively to submucosal glandular activity, or may also be a result of a nonhyperplastic increase of goblet cell functional activity. This study was conducted to assess inferior turbinate goblet cell mucus secretion in a cohort of patients with perennial allergic and nonallergic rhinitis compared with normal controls. A semiquantitative morphometric method was used to examine goblet cell mucus secretion in sections stained with Alcian blue and periodic acid Schiff. Mucus secretion in each section was established in terms of secretory ratio, calculated as the number of secreting goblet cells divided by the number of nonsecreting ones. The mean secretory ratio of patients with perennial allergic (n = 11) and nonallergic rhinitis (n = 23) was 0.89 and 0.57, respectively, compared to controls (n = 10) 0.25. Statistical analysis confirmed that the secretory ratio of patients with perennial allergic rhinitis was significantly higher than that of the control group. No significant difference prevailed between patients with perennial nonallergic rhinitis and controls, as well as between allergic and nonallergic patients. Based on the results of the study, a basal state of nasal goblet cell mucus secretion in nonstimulated healthy people was established. Furthermore, it was concluded that the enhancement in mucus discharge, from the inferior turbinate goblet cells of patients with perennial allergic rhinitis, was attributed to a nonhyperplastic increase of nasal goblet cell functional activity.

Analysis of Variance↗