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Biomedical subjects

D Ophir

Publications and source records attributed to D Ophir.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Intermediate filament expression in human fetal olfactory epithelium.

Antibodies to intermediate filaments and to desmoplakin were used to investigate the histogenetic origin of the olfactory neuroepithelium. Intermediate-filaments are tissue-specific molecular cytoskeletal markers; desmoplakin is the major desmosomal protein. The olfactory epithelia of eight human fetuses, aged 7 to 10 weeks (fertilization age) were immunofluorescently labeled with antibodies to the five classes of intermediate-filament proteins and to desmoplakin. Positive immunoreactivity to keratin and to desmoplakin was observed; both results indicate the epithelial nature of this tissue. The absence of neurofilaments and glial-fibrillary acidic protein in the tissue containing sensory neurons and gliallike supporting cells is a unique feature, and may be related to the fact that olfactory neuroepithelium, like other epithelia, undergoes continuous turnover.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Myringoplasty in the pediatric population.

The long-term results of myringoplasty in children, including closure of perforation and hearing improvement, were reviewed in relation to age, condition of the operated-on ear, and condition of the untreated ear. The overall success rate in 155 operations evaluated one year postoperatively was 79%. Children in the 5- to 8-year-old age group had a success rate comparable to that of older (9- to 12-year-old) children (77.7% vs 80.4%). Where graft failure occurred, it was usually within one year of surgery. The outcome of surgery could not be related to the presence or absence of chronic otitis media in the untreated ear, the status of the operated-on ear (whether dry or discharging), or the performance of adenoidectomy before myringoplasty. Results of postoperative hearing, analyzed by calculating the postoperative air-bone gap and by speech audiometry, were similar in the two age groups. It is concluded that myringoplasty has a good chance of success in children, regardless of age.

Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗
PubMed1987

Distinctive immunohistochemical labeling of epithelial and mesenchymal elements in laryngeal pseudosarcoma.

A laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in situ with an underlying spindle cell nodule (pseudosarcoma) was immunohistochemically labeled with antibodies to tissue-specific intermediate filament proteins, including desmin, vimentin, and cytokeratin. Two distinct populations of cells were found within the lesion: cytokeratin-positive cells, corresponding to the carcinomatous component of the tumor, and vimentin-positive spindle cells in the subepithelial nodule. In view of the strict specificity of antivimentin and anticytokeratin for cells of mesenchymal and epithelial origin, respectively, it is proposed that the two components of the pseudosarcoma in our case are not morphologic variants of the same tumor, and that the subepithelial nodule represents a mesenchymal lesion. These results can, however, not be extrapolated to other cases since in some the spindle cell component may represent metaplastic epithelial cells. In view of the difficulties encountered in reaching a correct diagnosis in these lesions, it is recommended to use intermediate filament typing to elucidate the nature of the spindle cells in this controversial tumor.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1986

Monoclonal antibodies to ciliary glycoproteins of frog olfactory neurons.

Monoclonal antibodies were produced against isolated frog olfactory cilia, a preparation enriched in dendritic extensions of the chemosensory neurons. Two antibodies, 18.1 and 35.6, were found to react against specific glycoproteins of the sensory organelles. These glycoproteins were identified by their differential binding to the lectins wheat germ agglutinin and Concanavalin A. The antibodies fluorescently labeled isolated olfactory cilia, as well as the ciliary surface layer of olfactory epithelium, whose extent was defined by anti-tubulin and anti-keratin antibodies. Respiratory epithelium (or other tissues) as well as isolated respiratory cilia were not labeled by antibodies 18.1 and 35.6, indicating tissue specificity. The olfactory-specific antibodies can be used as markers of the sensory epithelium and of the sensory regions of olfactory dendritic membranes. Antibody 18.1 recognized gp95, a specific and major integral membrane glycoprotein of frog olfactory cilia. Since gp95 has been suggested as candidate olfactory receptor protein (Chen, Z. and Lancet, D., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 81 (1984) 1859-1863), antibody 18.1 could also be useful for functional studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Changes in olfactory acuity induced by total inferior turbinectomy.

The short-term and long-term effects of total inferior turbinectomy on smell acuity was assessed in two groups of patients. Olfactory thresholds were determined by a three-way forced-choice method, using four odorants. Resection of obstructive inferior turbinates resulted in a decrease in olfactory thresholds in 22 of 24 tested patients. No deleterious effect on smell acuity was observed in 16 patients tested 2 1/2 years or more after surgery. Subjective assessment of olfactory acuity is unreliable. It is our intention to focus attention on an aspect of intranasal surgery not frequently reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Total inferior turbinectomy for nasal airway obstruction.

A variety of surgical procedures are performed to open the nasal airway chronically obstructed by hypertrophic inferior turbinates. Because the results are universally unsatisfactory, we suggest bilateral total inferior turbinectomy to patients in whom medical therapy fails. One hundred fifty patients were followed up for one to seven years (mean, 2 1/2 years) and the results of the follow-up were assessed clinically via questionnaire and chart review. Patent nasal airway resulted in 91% of the patients. Eighty percent of the patients reported improvement in nasal breathing, and 14 (27%) of the 51 patients who suffered from nasal drainage preoperatively reported that it had stopped after the operation. Of the 39 patients who had anosmia preoperatively, 46% reported the restoration of their sense of smell. Postoperative complications are minimal, and no patient complained of crusts, dryness, or foul odor.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital granular cell epulis causing polyhydramnios.

We report a case of an extremely large granular cell epulis situated on the maxillary alveolar ridge of a newborn. It obstructed the infant's mouth and caused polyhydramnios. The lesion was detected in utero by ultrasonography and removed after birth in the delivery room, with satisfactory results. It is evident that the epulis increased in size during the last phase of pregnancy. The literature concerning this peculiar lesion is reviewed and theories of histogenesis are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Granulomatous reaction in lymph nodes draining laryngeal carcinoma.

Presented are two cases of simultaneous occurrence of epithelioid granulomas and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in cervical lymph nodes draining supraglottic carcinoma. Laboratory tests and radiological and clinical findings ruled out sarcoidosis, as well as mycotic, mycobacterial, or other bacterial infection. Upon finding of epithelioid granulomas in cervical lymph nodes, a malignant tumor of the head and neck region should be considered as a differential diagnostic possibility. Uncritical acceptance of a diagnosis based solely on the histological appearance may lead to erroneous treatment.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital granular cell tumor of the tongue.

Granular cell lesions in the oral cavity occur primarily on the tongue in adults (granular cell tumor) and exclusively on the alveolar ridge in newborns (congenital granular cell epulis). Because of the location, age of appearance, and certain clinical and histologic differences, these histologically similar lesions are considered separate clinical entities. This case report, however, describes the occurrence of a granular cell lesion on the tongue of a newborn. Although the etiopathogenesis of these lesions is unknown, the present case suggests a common etiologic relationship of these entities and tends to rule out an odontogenic origin for the congenital granular cell epulis.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Negative findings of esophagoscopy for suspected foreign bodies.

PURPOSE: Suspected impaction of esophageal foreign bodies may at times pose a diagnostic problem as to the decision to perform esophagoscopy. It is not unusual to perform a rigid esophagoscopy following a diagnostic work-up for an impacted foreign body and not to find one. This study attempts to delineate the clinical situations where negative esophagoscopies are more likely to occur. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a retrospective analysis of 98 rigid esophagoscopies performed for suspected foreign bodies in our department, an attempt was made to delineate the clinical and radiologic findings characteristic of the patients who had no foreign body at esophagoscopy compared with the patients in whom a foreign body was found. RESULTS: Negative esophagoscopies were associated with suspected bone (mostly fish) impaction in 20 of the 22 negative esophagoscopies. Other parameters associated with negative findings were prolonged duration of symptoms and a positive finding at the physical examination. In suspected bone impaction, barium studies and neck x-rays were not helpful in determining the presence of a foreign body. CONCLUSION: Clinical history is the main indicator in the decision to perform esophagoscopy for suspected foreign bodies.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Success of stapedectomy performed by residents.

A retrospective study of 240 stapedectomies for otosclerosis performed in a teaching department during the last 10 years was done. The results and complications in patients operated on by residents and faculty were compared. Strict criteria for evaluating the surgical outcome were used. "Satisfactory" results obtained by residents during their entire training (79 per cent) were significantly poorer (P greater than 0.05) than those achieved by the faculty (90 per cent). In the second period of residency, however, the residents' success rate (89 per cent) was equal to that of the faculty. There was no statistically significant difference in the complication rate between residents and faculty. Two essential conditions are responsible for good stapedectomy results by residents: experience with sufficient numbers of patients requiring middle-ear surgery (including otosclerosis and chronic middle-ear disease) and close supervision by the faculty in the operating room.

Adult↗