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Biomedical subjects

D Oliver

Publications and source records attributed to D Oliver.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Infectious disease in Aboriginal infants and children in Western Australia.

Over the decade from 1971 to 1980, there was a decline in Western Australia in the number of Aboriginal infants and children admitted to hospital with infections. The most marked change occurred in admissions for gastroenteritis and other infections in the Kimberley region in the far north of the State. Despite this decline, there is still a very wide gap between the rate of admission to hospital for infectious diseases of Aboriginal and that of non-Aboriginal infants and children. The decline reported here is considered to reflect improvements in health status caused by several interrelating factors, including improvement in the general standard of living, housing and hygiene, and the provision of comprehensive, community-based health programmes. Environmental contamination is still a major factor causing ill health in Australian Aboriginal communities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Mutations that alter the signal sequence of alkaline phosphatase in Escherichia coli.

A phoA-lacZ gene fusion was used to isolate mutants altered in the alkaline phosphatase signal sequence. This was done by selecting Lac+ mutants from a phoA-lacZ fusion strain that produces a membrane-bound hybrid protein and is unable to grow on lactose. Two such mutant derivatives were characterized. The mutations lie within the phoA portion of the fused gene and cause internalization of the hybrid protein. When the mutations were genetically recombined into an otherwise wild-type phoA gene, they interfered with export of alkaline phosphatase to the periplasm. The mutant alkaline phosphatase protein was found instead in the cytoplasm in precursor form. DNA sequence analysis demonstrated that both mutations lead to amino acid alterations in the signal sequence of alkaline phosphatase.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1980

Peroperative blood-transfusion improve cadaveric renal-allograft survival in non-transfused recipients. A prospective controlled clinical trial.

The effect of peroperative transfusion was studied in 27 patients who had never had a blood-transfusion or been pregnant and who were receiving their first cadaver renal allograft. 13 patients in the treatment group were given 2 units of whole stored blood at transplantation, whereas 14 patients in the control group were given no blood. Actuarial analysis after 2 years showed a graft survival of 85% at 1 year in the treated group compared with 34% at 1 year in the control group (p = 0.03). Transfusion of non-transfused patients during transplantation may be as effective as pregraft transfusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The physician assistant in rural primary care practices: physician assistant activities and physician supervision at satellite and non-satellite practice sites.

Nineteen practice sites in Iowa were studied to determine the differences in the types of physician (MD) supervision the physician assistant (PA) received at work at satellite (separate from the major practice site of the supervising MD) and non-satellite practice sites. The MDs supervised PA functions in 12.9 per cent of the patients seen by the PAs at non-satellite and 15.9 per cent of patients they saw at satellite practice sites. All patients with presenting manifestations that suggested life-threatening conditions were seen by MDs at satellite and non-satellite sites. The MD spent 9.2 minutes per patient at satellite clinics, compared to 4.4 minutes per patient at non-satellite clinics. PAs working at satellite sites appeared to receive as much supervision as PAs working at non-satellite clinics.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1978

Renal transplantation in the presence of a positive crossmatch.

Eighteen renal transplants have been performed prospectively in the presence of a positive serologic crossmatch against donor B lymphocytes. Four transplants have failed, three from rejection and one from renal artery thrombosis. Fourteen are functioning at 3-17 months after transplant. Thus, a renal transplant may be performed in the presence of a positive B-cell crossmatch in most instances without immediate graft rejection.

Graft Rejection↗
PubMed1977

Acquired cystic disease of the kidneys: a hazard of long-term intermittent maintenance haemodialysis.

In the period 1968-76, necropsies were carried out on 30 patients who had been treated by long-term intermittent maintenance haemodialysis. Fourteen of these patients developed bilateral cystic disease of the kidney. Clinical, pathological, and radiological investigation of these patients when they first presented did not reveal any evidence of renal cystic change. The main complications of this condition are haemorrhage and tumour formation. Six patients developed renal tumours, and in five cases these were multiple. The histological appearance of these neoplasms gave no indication as to whether they would behave in an aggressive manner. One patient died of metastatic carcinomatosis from a renal primary. The condition of acquired cystic disease of the kidney should be suspected if patients on maintenance haemodialysis suffer from recurrent haematuria or are found to have enlarging kidneys.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Evidence that endogenous calcitonin protects against renal bone disease.

Plasma concentrations of calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase (A.P.), immunoreactive calcitonin (iC.T.), and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iP.T.H.) were measured in fifty-two patients with chronic renal failure on maintenance haemodialysis. On the basis of a bimodal distribution of values for plasma-A.P. the patients were dividied into 2 groups. In those patients with normal A.P. concentratons as well as in twenty-eight normal subjects there was a positive correlation between iP.T.H. and iC.T. which was independent of plasma calcium or phosphate. Patients with increased plasma-A.P. had higher concentrations of iP.T.H., lower concentrations of iC.T., and showed a negative relation between the concentrations of the two hormones. It is suggested that a possible factor in the pathogenesis of renal bone disease is a failure to secrete C.T. in adequate amounts.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Exposure of free amino groups in the coupling factor of energized spinach chloroplasts.

Spinach chloroplasts were incubated in the dark with methyl acetimidate in order to amidinate and thereby protect free amino groups. An energy-dependent attack on the coupling factor (CF1) of these amidinated chloroplasts by trinitrobenzenesulfonate was apparent in a second reaction, as long as the reagent was applied in the light or after an acid-base transition. Trinitrophenyl residues approached one each on the alpha and beta subunits, and two to three on the gamma subunit polypeptide of CF1. Accompanying trinitrophenylation was an inhibition of the ATPase activity of CF1 due to a major decrease in the affinity for ATP; however, neither the maximal ATPase rate nor the ability of the protein to serve as a coupling factor for EDTA-extracted chloroplasts was affected. Trinitrophenylation and consequent inhibition of ATPase were 50% prevented by the presence of phosphate, or ADP, or ATP during exposure to trinitrobenzenesulfonate. The protective effects of adenylates were additive with those of phosphate. The ratio of trinitrophenyl groups on the three subunits concerned was the same whether phosphate or ATP was providing 50% protection, or whether neither was present. It is inferred that a conformational change occurs in the amidinated coupling factor when a proton activity gradient is placed across the membranes, and effective ligands tend to prevent the resulting exposure of free amino groups from a previously hidden location.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗