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Biomedical subjects

D Nolte

Publications and source records attributed to D Nolte.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

[New developments in the field of bronchospasmolytics].

Bronchial obstruction is mainly treated by bronchospasmolytics. They have different sites of action and work either by stimulating the beta-adrenergic receptors (beta-sympathicomimetics), by inhibiting the phosphodiesterase (theophylline-derivatives) or by blocking the cholinergic receptors (anticholinergica). Beta-sympathicomimetics do not only act via the beta-receptors but also by inhibiting the degranulation of the mast cells and thus preventing the liberation of spasmogenic substances. A very promising development is ipratropium bromide, an anticholinergic with a spasmolytic effect as pronounced as that of a beta2-adrenergic substance but with hardly any adverse side-effect. Glucocorticoids which are highly effective in bronchial asthma were shown to have also an "permissive effect" towards beta-sympathicomimetics.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1979

[Personality-structure in different kinds of bronchial asthma (author's transl)].

The "Giessen-Test" is a psychological test in form of a questionnaire, basing on self-assessment. It was applied in 63 patients with bronchial asthma in order to get their "self-images" and their "ideal-self-images". Except of higher values for depression the "self-images" of the asthmatics resembled very closely those of normals. The ideals ("ideal-self-image") of the patients were uncharacteristic and reflected general trends. In contrast to these findings eleven physicians had a negative conception of asthmatic patients ("foreign image"). Physicians assessed the asthmatics to be disliked ("negative social resonant"), obstinate ("dominant") and depressive. Patients with exogen-allergic asthma, intrinsic asthma and asthma of unknown origin differ from each other only within a few marks. These differences, however, are not sufficient, to allow to coordinate a specific personality-structure with one of the different kinds of asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Therapy of chronic respiratory tract diseases (author's transpl)].

Except in the case of exogenous allergic asthma, the therapy of chronic respiratory tract diseases must be predominantly symptomatic due to the polyaetiology and inhomogeneity of these diseases. Effective treatment of the main pathophysiological symptoms is important for the course and prognosis of the disease. These symptoms usually consist of hypersecretion, infection and bronchial obstruction. With the exception of "infective asthma", bronchial infections are not present at the onset of the illness. Such infections usually result as complications of a disease from which the patient is already suffering, and are essentially the consequence of disruption of the automatic clearance mechanism of the bronchial system and impairment of immunological defence against infection. The best form of therapy is that which is specifically directed at the individual bronchial infection for a period of two weeks. Permanent antibiotic prophylaxis is to a large extent obsolete today. In addition to treatment of bronchial infection, the removal of bronchial obstruction is also very important. Modern bronchospasmolytics are now among the most effective agents, provided the obstruction is actually "reversible". A low dose of oral corticosteroids - administered with caution - is justified should it not be possible to reduce pulmonary resistance to below the "dyspnoea threshold" of the patient.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1979

[Physiological and pathological aspects of the immune reactions (author's transl)].

The basic principles of modern immunology are reviewed. In analogy to the nervous defence mechanism of the body the immune reactions are divided into a "specific" afferent, "unspecific" efferent and central regulatory part. The old conception of the "lock and key" relation between antigen and antibody is re-interpreted in terms of molecular chemistry. The dual aspects of the immune response is interpreted as part of an over-all network within which the humoral and cellular defence systems are organized to act in concert. Allergy is considered to be solely a special type of immune reaction; while its disease-producing effects are undisputed its physiological significance is still obscure. The immune mechanism involved in specific densitization is discussed in detail.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1979

On nasobronchial reflex in asthmatic patients.

In 27 asthmatic patients a single cold stimulus into the nose resulted in a sudden increase of airway resistance, measured continuously by a new forced-oscillations-technique. The effect could be blocked by previous intrabronchial application of an anti-cholinergic drug. In laryngectomised patients, who no longer have a connection between the upper and the lower airpathways, cold stimuli into the nose caused a bronchoconstriction just as it did in the asthmatics. So the cold effect must be based on a reflex mechanism.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1978

[Acute dyspnea].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1978

Double-blind crossover comparison between a beta-adrenergic agent and a new anticholinergic agent by metered dose inhaler.

The recently developed anticholinergic agent Oxitropium bromide (OTB) by metered dose inhaler is compared in a double-blind crossover study with the beta-adrenergic agent Fenoterol (FEN). Total airway resistance and forced expiratory volume served as evaluation criteria for the bronchodilating effect. The maximum effect is reached more quickly with FEN, but the effect of OTB lasts longer. On the whole the results show that the intensity of action of the anticholinergic agent coincides to a large extent with that of the beta-adrenergic agent.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Bodyplethysmography in children (author's transl)].

The applicability of bodyplethysmography in children often fails by the anxiety of sitting alone in the closed plethysmograph cabin. By comparing measurements however it is proved that the results of airway-resistance and thoracic gas volume are not changed in any way, if an adult person accompanies the child inside the cabin. The assumption being essential for a correct measurement are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[A multi-centre study of reproterol, a bronchodilator (author's transl)].

Reproterol (Bronchospasmin), a monomolecular combination of catecholamine and theophylline, was tested in 81 patients with bronchial asthma or chronic obstructive bronchitis after a single oral dose, and compared with orciprenaline by intra-individual cross-over test. Five pulmonary-function laboratories cooperated in the study. A statistically significant bronchodilator effect, as measured by airway resistance and volume-corrected resistance, was obtained with 20 mg reproterol, having its onset after about 30 minutes, reaching its peak after 2-3 hours, and lasting for at least 4 hours. Comparing the area under the time-effect curves, the total effect was greater than that after 20 mg orciprenaline, pO2 rose higher after reproterol than after orciprenaline, but only by a few mm Hg. Neither heart rate nor blood pressure changed significantly after reproterol.

Airway Resistance↗