Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D Miller

Publications and source records attributed to D Miller.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Effects of prednisolone and medroxyprogesterone on corneal wound healing, ulceration, and neovascularization.

Albino rabbits were treated four or six times daily with 1% prednisolone acetate, 1% medroxyprogesterone acetate, or a control vehicle, after one of three conditions. First, after 3-mm linear perforating stromal incisions; drugs were given for seven days, and wound bursting strength was determined. Prednisolone suppressed wound tensile strength by 20%; medroxyprogesterone suppressed it by 11%. Second, after trephination, drug administration for 14 days decreased collagen formation in the scar buttons by 43% in the prednisolone-treated group and 39% in the medroxy-progesterone-treated group. Third, after thermal burns; when drug application followed the burn immediately, deep ulceration or perforation developed in 85% of the controls, in none of the prednisolone-treated group, and in 17% of the medroxyprogesterone-treated group. When drug delivery was withheld until day 6, severe ulceration developed in 44% of both groups. In both experiments, stromal neovascularization was markedly suppressed by prednisolone, but only moderately decreased by medroxyprogesterone.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Radiobiologic research for head and neck cancer therapy. Therapeutic implications.

Hypoxic cell sensitizers, particle therapy, hyperthermia, and combinations of chemotherapy and radiotherapy have potential to increase the therapeutic ratio in future clinical radiotherapy treatment regimens. The biologic bases of these investigations are beginning to appear as avenues of clinical investigation.

Head and Neck Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

Mural thrombi in myocardial infarctions. Prospective evaluation by two-dimensional echocardiography.

Fifty-four consecutive patients with acute anterior myocardial infarctions were studied to determine the incidence and natural history of mural thrombus formation. Two-dimensional echocardiography was performed in the immediate postinfarction period. Multiple views were utilized. Standard criteria for defining mural thrombus formation and minimizing false-positive readings were adhered to. Correlation with clinical data was obtained in all patients to define a subgroup at high risk for the development of a mural thrombus. Follow-up was obtained for all patients to assess the natural history of mural thrombus formation, treated and untreated, with regard to peripheral embolization. Seventeen patients (32 percent) had mural thrombus formation. Statistically significant (p less than 0.001) correlation for mural thrombus formation was found with markedly elevated creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels and with apical dyskinesis. Ten patients with mural thrombi received anticoagulation therapy. None has had clinically evident emboli at a mean of 10.8 months follow-up. Resolution of the mural thrombus was demonstrated with serial two-dimensional echocardiography in eight patients (80 percent). Six of seven patients who did not receive anticoagulation therapy (86 percent) had embolic events within three months (p less than 0.001). None of the 36 patients without a mural thrombus has had a spontaneous clinical embolus. Thus, the presence of a mural thrombus can be accurately identified in patients with acute myocardial infarction and predicted in a subgroup of those patients. Such patients should be considered for anticoagulation to prevent systemic embolization and should be followed with serial two-dimensional echocardiography.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Effects of cis- and trans-platinum complexes on RNA transcription.

Current thinking concerning the anti-cancer actions of platinum complexes view cis-platinum agents as active and trans-complexes as not being anti-neoplastic. It is generally accepted that the active cis forms exert their effects by binding to the DNA template. Data is presented here showing trans-Pt(NH3)2Cl2(trans-PDD) to be much more active than cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2(cis-PDD) in inhibiting in vitro RNA transcription using both bacterial and eukaryotic enzyme sources. It is further shown that the polymerase enzyme is a much more sensitive target for these platinum agents than the DNA template under the conditions employed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

New techniques in the diagnosis and operative management of Siamese twins.

New techniques of 2-D sonography and radionucleotide Disofenin scanning allowed noninvasive evaluation of thoracoomphalopagus Siamese twins and successful separation at four days of age. Twin girls joined at the lower sternum and upper abdomen and weighing 15 lbs, were transferred at five hours of age after caesarian-section delivery. Scout films revealed high intestinal obstruction in twin A. 2-D sonography showed separate and normal hearts with different rates and attached pericardial sacs. Labeled Disofenin given intravenously to twin A was excreted exclusively in her gallbladder and bile ducts; vice versa for twin B. Because operation was necessary to correct jejunal atresia in twin A, further growth and development was not an option and the parents agreed to total correction. Sternal and pericardial separation and division of common midline-liver was followed by primary diaphragmatic defect repair and Dacron-cloth fascial reconstruction to upper abdominal wall and complete soft-tissue and skin closure in a ten-hour operation. Segmental jejunal resection and anastomosis with gastrostomy was added in baby A. The new tests greatly simplified definition of the anatomical relationships and implemented rapid correction in these newborn conjoint twins.

Electrocardiography↗
PubMed1983

The diagnosis and management of pyriform sinus fistulae in infants and young children.

Acute suppurative thyroiditis is rare in childhood. It presented in two clinically euthyroid children over a 2-year period. Repeated drainage for recurrent abscesses was necessary in one child. Thyroiditis without abscess was present in the second. After treatment and resolution of the infection, contrast studies with barium demonstrated an internal fistula extending from the left pyriform sinus to the ipsilateral thyroid lobe. Thyroid scans showed decreased uptake in the left lobe. Thyroid-function tests were normal. A third infant developed acute respiratory distress at 2 weeks of age from an enlarging left neck mass without evidence of infection. Exploration revealed an intrathyroid cyst with fistulous communication to the left pyriform sinus. Fistulas arise from the third pharyngeal pouch as a branchial remnant which is exclusively left-sided. Administration of antibiotics, which are effective against oral flora, combined with initial drainage of suppuration control infection. Only then can the diagnosis be made by contrast study of the hypopharynx and upper esophagus. Operative excision of the entire epithelial tract and adjacent thyroid tissue is essential to prevent recurrent thyroiditis and abscess.

Child↗
PubMed1983

Effects of exercise on riboflavin requirements of young women.

The riboflavin requirement of young women during periods of sedentary living and exercise was determined during a 12-wk metabolic study. The study was divided into a 6-wk no exercise period followed by a 6-wk exercise period in which subjects jogged around a track for 20 to 50 min/day. Twelve subjects, aged 19 to 27 yr, were fed a basic diet containing 0.6 mg riboflavin/1000 kcal of intake. Riboflavin intake was increased by 0.2 mg/1000 kcal increments by provision of riboflavin in a glucose polymer mixture. Linear regression analysis was used to estimate the riboflavin intake required for an erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient of 1.25 during both the no exercise and exercise periods. Individual riboflavin requirements ranged from 0.62 to 1.21 mg/1000 kcal before exercise and 0.63 to 1.4 mg/1000 kcal during the exercise periods. Riboflavin requirement could not be related to the kilocalorie intake or lean body mass of the subjects. It is concluded that healthy young women require more riboflavin to achieve biochemical normality than the 1980 Recommended Dietary Allowances and that exercise increases riboflavin requirements.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Organization and function of a regional pediatric trauma center: does a system of management improve outcome?

Since 1975, more than one thousand children with life-threatening injuries have been preferentially transported to our statewide Regional Pediatric Trauma Center by helicopter or city ambulance. Initial care is provided by emergency medical technicians with special instruction in the handling of pediatric trauma. More than half the children admitted to our service were injured in motor vehicle/pedestrian or motor vehicle/bicycle accidents. Have care and outcome improved? This system provides for excellent first aid at the scene and more rapid radio-directed transport to the trauma center where in-hospital management is provided by pediatric and surgical personnel experienced in the treatment of all aspects of childhood trauma. We have organized weekly trauma morbidity and mortality rounds and have established a trauma registry and index of severity. Pelvic fractures from blunt trauma had a mortality in this series of 1.4%, the lowest of any reported experience. Between January 1976 and December 1979, 46 children with coma of longer than 24 hours' duration were treated in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. The mortality rate was still high (38%) but employing intracranial monitoring and aggressive control of brain edema, 88% of the survivors had a good recovery without major motor or intellectual defects. The large volume of cases allows for development and evaluation of new techniques in trauma management and invaluable experience in the training of general surgical residents, pediatricians, and emergency physicians.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Small cell carcinomas of the larynx: results of combined modality treatments.

Four cases of primary small cell carcinoma of the larynx are described. Two patients presented with extensive metastatic disease and two with tumor limited to the larynx. All four cases responded (3PR, 1CR) to systemic combination chemotherapy. Long-term remission was achieved in one patient with limited disease who underwent chemotherapy with a complete response followed by definitive radiotherapy. Treatment results are compared with previously reported cases. The importance of early diagnosis through staging, and combined treatment in small cell carcinoma of the larynx is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Transient appearance of the lupus anticoagulant in three family members sharing the A11B35DR4 haplotype.

A prolonged partial thromboplastin time in a patient was investigated, as well as those of his family members. One sibling, the mother, and the patient all shared a lupus-like anticoagulant and low Factor XII levels in association with the A 11, Bw 35, DR 4 haplotype previously found in familial lupus erythematosis. The rest of the family had normal coagulation profiles and the entire family had normal findings when tested for ANA, complement and immune complexes. After being confirmed in a second coagulation laboratory, the lupus-like anticoagulants in the three affected members of the family disappeared upon retesting 3-8 weeks later.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Macro--creatine kinase 2: a possible marker of gastrointestinal cancer?

Creatine kinase (CK) is an enzyme found in many body organs. It is used clinically in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Recently an atypical isoenzyme, macro-CK2, not found in the sera of healthy individuals, has been reported in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies. This study is a report of our findings in serum samples obtained from 200 patients from November 1981 until December 1982. Twenty-eight patients had gastrointestinal complaints but did not have malignant disease. One hundred seventy-two patients had malignancy. Samples of serum were studied for macro-CK2 with a standard laboratory agarose gel electrophoresis technique. The tests were done without knowledge of the patients' diagnoses. The results show no detectable macro-CK2 in sera from patients without malignancy. It was present before operation in nine of 13 patients with colorectal cancer and 16 of 21 patients with metastases from colorectal cancer or gastric cancer. This preliminary study suggests that the presence of macro-CK2 in serum may be an indicator of malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract and in particular of colorectal cancer.

Adult↗