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Biomedical subjects

D M Sherman

Publications and source records attributed to D M Sherman.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Unexplained weight loss in sheep and goats. A guide to differential diagnosis, therapy, and management.

A review of the likely causes of unexplained weight loss in sheep and goats has been presented, with particular emphasis on diagnosis. Through the use of careful clinical examination and knowledge of the likely causes of progressive weight loss, a definitive diagnosis can often be made, although this is not always possible, even with rigorous investigation (Fig. 1). In most cases, establishing a definitive diagnosis will allow the practitioner to institute appropriate therapeutic measures, correct deficient management procedures, or institute suitable prevention and control programs to reduce ongoing or future losses to the client.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Protection of calves against fatal enteric colibacillosis by orally administered Escherichia coli K99-specific monoclonal antibody.

A monoclonal antibody (MCA) to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K99 antigen agglutinated K99+ enterotoxigenic E. coli strains B44 (O9:K30;K99;F41:H-) and B41 (O101:K99;F41:H-) grown at 37 degrees C but not at 18 degrees C. The MCA, which was characterized as immunoglobulin G1, reacted specifically with K99 antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and precipitated radiolabeled K99 antigen. A total of 45 colostrum-fed and colostrum-deprived calves were used in three separate trials to determine whether the orally administered K99-specific MCA would prevent diarrhea caused by strain B44. Twenty-eight calves were fed 1 ml of mouse ascitic fluid containing K99-specific MCA at 10 h of age and were orally challenged with strain B44 at 12 to 14 h of age. Control calves either received no placebo or were fed 1 ml of mouse ascitic fluid containing fibronectin-specific MCA at 10 h of age. There was no difference in the incidence of diarrhea between the two groups after challenge. However, the severity of diarrhea, as evaluated by the proportion of calves in each group that developed severe dehydration, the degree of clinical dehydration, the degree of clinical depression, the degree of weight loss, and the duration of diarrhea after challenge was significantly reduced in calves that received the K99-specific MCA. The mortality rate was also significantly lower (P less than 0.001) in the treated (29%) than in the control (82%) group. These results suggest that orally administered K99-specific MCA can prevent severe fatal enteric colibacillosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effect of iron deficiency and iron restoration on ultrastructure of Anacystis nidulans.

The effects of iron deficiency and iron reconstitution on the ultrastructure of the unicellular cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans R2 were studied by electron microscopy. Low-iron cells, grown with different amounts of aeration, were analyzed at 6, 12, and 24 h after the addition of iron. Low-iron cells had a decrease in the quantities of membranes, phycobilisomes, and carboxysomes and a large increase in glycogen storage granules. In cells aerated with gentle shaking, the addition of iron caused the number of carboxysomes to increase rapidly within 6 h. This was paralleled by a decrease in the quantity of glycogen storage granules. Carboxysomes were associated with the nucleoplasmic face of the inner photosynthetic membrane in normal, but not low-iron, cells; they once more contacted the membrane by 6 h after iron addition. Phycobilisome assembly was apparent by 6 h, and the number of phycobilisomes increased throughout reconstitution. Membrane restoration was accomplished in two stages: (i) components were added to preexisting membranes until about 12 h, and (ii) new membranes were synthesized beginning at 12 to 18 h. Low-iron cells grown by bubbling with air had only one to two concentric layers of membrane per cell. The addition of iron led to a pattern of reconstitution that was similar to that described above with two important exceptions. Under these conditions, the number of carboxysomes remained low and the carboxysomes rarely contacted the photosynthetic membranes. New membranes were not synthesized until the culture had reached the late-logarithmic growth phase and after all other morphological features had returned to normal.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1982

The effect of dose rate and adriamycin on the tolerance of thoracic radiation in mice.

Radiation damage to the lung may be a predisposing factor in the development of interstitial pneumonitis in patients undergoing total body radiation and subsequent bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of leukemia. Adriamycin has been used in conjunction with bone marrow transplantation, and has also been shown to interact with radiation. This experiment was designed to study the effects of pre-administration of adriamycin on the radiation tolerance of the lung and esophagus. Since total body radiation is usually administered at low dose rates in order to spare the gastrointestinal tract preferentially as compared to the bone marrow, we investigated whether such a dose rate effect was present for the lung and if so, whether this pulmonary and esophageal dose rate effect would be ameliorated by pre-treatment with adriamycin. Mice were irradiated at 5 rad; 15 rad or 70 rad per minute to the upper body, 24 hours or 7 days after adriamycin. Oral esophageal death occurred within one month; thus deaths within 30 days were ascribed to this mechanism. In comparison, deaths because of pulmonary toxicity occurred later. Those between 30 and 160 days were ascribed to this mechanism. In the absence of adriamycin, a dose rate effect was found for the lung and confirmed for the upper gastrointestinal tract. The dose of radiation necessary to give pulmonary and gastrointestinal toxicity was markedly reduced when adriamycin was administered 24 hours before radiation. If seven days were allowed between adriamycin and radiation there was still an effect seen only at the high dose rate for the esophagus while for the lung at the high dose rate and for both systems at low dose rate no significant drug effects were noted. The dose rate effect is still seen after the drug, but it is reduced. These studies indicate that adriamycin given shortly before can significantly increase the oral esophageal and pulmonary toxicity of radiation and can practically abrogate the sparing effect of dose rate. This must be considered when clinically using total body radiation and adriamycin in preparation for bone marrow transplantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Resistance of herpes simplex virus to adenine arabinoside and E-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine: a physical analysis.

The physical map limits of DNA sequences within the DNA polymerase locus of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 that define resistance mutations to adenine arabinoside (ara-A) and E-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU) were determined. Intertypic recombinants between HSV types 1 and 2, generated by marker rescue of temperature-sensitive mutations, had genome structures determined by restriction endonuclease analysis and were used to show that the resistance mutation for ara-Ar-1 is closely linked to the resistance mutations for phosphonoacetic acid (paar-1) and acycloguanosine (acvr-1) within a region of 2.6 kilobase pairs (kbp) in the HSV DNA polymerase locus. The resistance mutation for bvdur-1 is defined by a 2.9-kbp region that overlaps with the region defining resistance to the other three drugs but that is transferred separately. The DNA polymerase locus also contains a 2.2-kbp region that maps adjacent to and to the left of the region defining the bvdur-1 mutation which can be transferred separately and defines a region determining the HSV-1-specific sensitivity to BVDU in a manner analogous to that to acyclovir.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1981

The characteristics of long-term survivors of lung cancer treated with radiation.

Between 1968 and 1974, 348 patients with lung cancer were primarily treated with radiation therapy. There were 66 such patients (19%) who survived a minimum of 18 months and are the subject of this report. Of this group, 30 patients have no evidence of disease from 18-96 months, with a median follow-up of 38 months. Thirty-three patients are dead of disease. The five-year actuarial survival of the total group of 348 patients was 5.6%. There were 14 stage I and II patients who survived a minimum of 18 months, of whom 11 had no evidence of disease. Of the 42 Stage III patients, 18 presently show no evidence of disease. There were 13 patients who failed with locally recurrent disease; in this group a dose-response relationship was demonstrated. A local failure rate of 50% (4/8) was observed for patients who received fewer than 5000 rad, 22% (6/27) for patients receiving 5000-5500 rad, 18% (2/11) in patients receiving 5500-5900 rad, and 5% (1/20) for patients who received more than 5900 rad. Radiotherapeutic technique was a significant variable in local failure. Forty-six percent (6/13) of those patient failures may have been eliminated with the use of careful treatment planning with simulation. A statistically significant difference in dose was noted for patients with central recurrence, mean dose 4725 rad, 1561 RET, 81 TDF, when compared with patients with control of gross disease with radiation, mean dose 5740, 1880 RET, 108 TDF. There were four patients with marked early complications (6%) and eight patients with late complications (12%). There were no deaths attributable to radiation. Although most patients with advanced lung carcinoma die of distant disease, a significant number of patients can achieve long-term survival when radically treated with high-dose radiation therapy.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1981

A simple system for detecting patient movement during radiation therapy.

The authors described a system which detects patient movement while that patient is undergoing radiation treatment. The system consists of simple and inexpensive electronic circuitry using the laser localization lights commonly used with an isocentric linear accelerator. If the patient moves, a visual or audible signal alerts the radiation-therapy technologist who can interrupt treatment and reposition the patient. The verification of proper patient position using this technique compares favorably with the routine use of cerification radiographs.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

[Therapeutic effect of a saline solution with sodium lactate (lactasol) in traumatic shock].

Acute experiments on 67 adult dogs have demonstrated that infusions of lactasol in a dose of 25 ml/kg in the early period and in a dose of 50 ml/kg in the late period of shock are not efficacious enough. Injection of the increased amount of the saline in the early and late period of shock (up to 50 and up to 100 ml/kg, respectively) makes it possible to save from death almost all the animals. A conclusion is made that the therapeutic effect of lactasol depends on the amount of the saline injected and on the period of shock during which the saline is injected, as well as on the specific action of sodium lactate.

Animals↗