Anodal contraction of Paramecium protoplasm.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Cell Movement↗
Biomedical subjects
D M Miller
Publications and source records attributed to D M Miller.
Hexokinase isoenzymes in liver and adipose tissue of man and dog.
A hexokinase, with a low Michaelis constant, not previously described, has been found in extracts of human and dog liver but not of rat liver. Earlier reports are contradicted in that glucokinase occurs in extracts of liver from well-nourished humans and dogs; it is absent, or almost so, during states of poor nutrition.
Adipose Tissue↗
The management of recurrent breast cancer.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
A re-examination of Stein's dimer theory of sugar transport in human erythrocytes.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Biological Transport↗
d-tubocurarine chloride: effect on insects.
Injection of d-tubocurarine chloride into certain insects produces complete flaccid paralysis. The site of injection is closely related to the region of primary paralysis. The effect depends on concentration, with distinct differences in the optimum concentrations for various species so far tested. A dose-response curve has been prepared for Calliphora erythrocephala.
Animals↗
The kinetics of selective biological transport. I. Determination of transport constants for sugar movements in human erythrocytes.
A method for the determination of the affinity constants and transfer rate constants of an equalizing selective transport system is derived from the simple transport mechanism, and applied to monosaccharide movements in human red cells. It is similar to the method of Widdas but does not require his approximations. Results are compared with those of the other workers.
Biological Transport↗
The kinetics of selective biological transport. II. Equations for induced uphill transport of sugars in human erythrocytes.
Equations describing the movement of sugars during induced uphill transport were derived on the assumption of a simple carrier transport mechanism and subjected to experimental verification. Since there was good agreement between the experimental points and the theoretical curves, no changes in the original postulates were required.
Biological Transport, Active↗
Mesothelium expression of integrins in vivo and in vitro.
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the expression of alpha subunits of integrin adhesion molecules in peritoneal tissue in vivo and in vitro. METHOD: Peritoneum from the anterior abdominal wall (n = 22) and the serosa of the posterior uterus (n = 11) was obtained from women of reproductive age without endometriosis who were undergoing surgery for benign conditions. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on serial sections of peritoneum from the anterior abdominal wall, the uterine serosa, mesothelial monolayer cultures, and peritoneum explants from the abdominal wall using monoclonal antibodies to alpha subunits of integrin adhesion molecules. Electron microscopy was performed to localize these adhesion molecules in the mesothelium. RESULTS: The mesothelial expression of alpha integrin subunits was identical in the anterior peritoneum and uterine serosa. In vivo the mesothelium strongly expressed alpha 2 and alpha 3 and variably expressed alpha 6. In the monolayer cultures there was moderate/strong staining for alpha 2, alpha 3, and alpha 5; there was minimal expression of alpha v. In the explants there was moderate/strong expression of alpha 2, alpha 3, alpha 5, and alpha v; alpha 6 was variably expressed. The ultrastructure of the mesothelium was unique in the anterior peritoneum, uterine serosa, and the monolayer cultures. The integrin subunits were distributed throughout the cytoplasm, were expressed in the plasma membrane, and were present on the surface (i.e., towards the peritoneal cavity) of the mesothelium. CONCLUSION: Integrins are expressed by the mesothelium of the peritoneum. The mesothelium expression of integrins in vivo differs from that of the mesothelium integrin expression in monolayer culture and explant culture.
Antigens, CD↗
Cellular transformation by coordinated action of three peptide growth factors from human platelets.
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is known to be involved in regulating the mitosis of connective tissue cells, and recent studies have also shown that it may function in mediating cellular transformation. The oncogene carried by simian sarcoma virus, sis, is homologous to one chain of PDGF, and treatment of non-neoplastic cells with this growth factor results in increased transcription of another oncogene, myc (ref. 9). PDGF also stimulates the synthesis of proteins that are characteristic of transformed cells. However, phenotypic transformation does not appear to result from the action of PDGF alone. For example, expression of myc does not transform cells in the absence of other oncogene expression. We have recently shown that platelets contain another peptide growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)12,13, in addition to PDGF. We report here that extracts of human platelets can induce anchorage-independent growth of nonneoplastic rat kidney (NRK) fibroblasts, but that purified PDGF alone does not elicit this effect. Rather, the transforming activity of the platelet extract is due to a concerted action of three distinct peptides: PDGF, TGF-ss and a newly identified analogue of epidermal growth factor (EGF).
Animals↗
Identification of myosin heavy chain in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Motility in biological systems is expressed in a variety of ways, such as cytoplasmic streaming, cell shaping, nuclear migration and muscle contraction. These functions are thought to be mediated by structural proteins, for example, myosin, actin and tubulin. The involvement of myosin in muscle contraction is well documented and this protein is implicated in generating the cleavage forces during cytokinesis in some non-muscle cells. Here, we report the isolation of a protein similar to myosin as judged by its biochemical and immunological properties, from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Parts of the protein have been conserved through evolution at the protein and DNA sequence levels. The presence of this protein in the region bordering mother cell and bud, as revealed by immunofluorescence, suggests that it is involved in cell division.
Actomyosin↗
Automated partial exchange transfusion in sickle cell anemia.
Partial exchange transfusion is used to manage several of the complications of sickle cell anemia. Automated exchanges have been performed successfully in thirteen homozygous (SS) sickle cell patients and in one patient with hemoglobin SC. Although the expected acute increase in whole blood oxygen affinity occurred in each patient, there was no clinical evidence of detrimental effects during or immediately after each procedure, and in each case the patient was unchanged or improved when evaluated by exercise testing. By using a discontinuous-flow cell separator, it is possible to decrease the time required to achieve a 50 per cent exchange in an adult to approximately two hours. Transfusion of blood with an antigenic marker permits rapid evaluation of exchange efficiency during the procedure. When partial exchange transfusion is indicated, the discontinuous-flow cell separator provides a safe, rapid, and effective procedure.
Adult↗
Burn depth evaluation with fluorometry: is it really definitive?
Clinical evaluation of burn depth soon after injury is subjective, based on gross visual assessment. Previous investigators have quantified this process using fluorometry. Their studies show fluorescein levels in full-thickness burns to be far below control levels and partial-thickness burns to be about 60% of nonburned skin. In both rat and human models, 59 burn sites (eight rats) and 37 burn sites (seven patients) were assessed. Readings were taken for three hours on the rats and one hour on the patients during the first 48 hours, and the procedure was repeated for five days postburn. Maximum values during these periods were determined for burn and nonburn sites, and background levels were subtracted from these values. The rate of fluorescein uptake and the peak times for burn and nonburn sites were then compared. Actual depth of burn was determined by whether or not healing had occurred. The results showed no significant difference between partial-thickness and full-thickness burns using fluorometry, as standard deviations in both models for both depths of burn were large. Therefore, fluorometry did not provide a definitive evaluation of burn depth. These results differ from those reported by previous investigators.
Animals↗
Progress in cerebrovascular disease: local cerebral blood flow by xenon enhanced CT.
A noninvasive technique for measuring local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) by xenon enhanced x-ray transmission computed tomography (CT) has been developed an reported quite extensively in recent years. In this method, nonradioactive xenon gas in inhaled and the temporal changes in radiographic enhancement produced by the inhalation are measured by sequential computed tomography. Time dependent xenon concentrations within various tissue segments in the brain are used to derive both local partition coefficient (lambda) and LCBF. An assessment of this method reveals that although it provides functional mapping of blood flow with excellent anatomic specificity, there are distinct limitations. The assumptions underlying this methodology are examined and problems associated with various potential applications of this technique are discussed.
Animals↗
Multipurpose central venous access in the immunocompromised pediatric patient.
During a 21-month period, 50 consecutive pediatric oncology patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation and/or cytoreductive chemotherapy had 61 silastic central venous catheters placed to facilitate their therapy. All catheters were used for medications, routine blood sampling, and transfusions, with 45% also used for hyperalimentation and 57% used for bone marrow transplantation. Catheters were utilized during both inpatient and outpatient therapy periods. Total catheter days numbered 8455, an average of 139 days per catheter. Forty-seven catheters (77%) were removed electively or were in place at time of patient death. Seven were removed for mechanical complications (1/1409 catheter days). Four additional episodes of presumed catheter sepsis were managed with antibiotics and did not require catheter removal (40% of septic episodes). One catheter is still in place after 585 days. Complication rates were not influenced by this multiple use protocol. With standardized catheter care and surveillance, multipurpose, long-term central venous access can be safely utilized in the immunosuppressed pediatric patient.
Adolescent↗
Estimating bulk density in vertically exposed stoney alluvium using a modified excavation method.
Despite many decades of education and refining land-use practices, accelerated stream bank erosion is still prevalent in the United States. Eroding stream banks produce a sediment load to the riverine system and can cause reduced water quality as a result of increased suspended sediment. As total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) for water bodies impaired by turbidity or suspended sediments become more numerous, a simple, in situ field technique will be needed to estimate the bulk density of readily erodible stream bank material so that reasonably accurate sediment loading rates can be estimated. In this study, the excavation/polyurethane-foam technique for estimating total bulk density was applied to vertically exposed alluvium with high coarse-fragment content. Though not previously attempted in vertically exposed alluvium with high coarse-fragment content, the excavation/polyurethane-foam technique appears to provide a reasonably accurate estimate of the total and soil (<2-mm size fraction) bulk density from vertically exposed, alluvial deposits with high coarse-fragment content (i.e., >70%) along eroding stream banks. Obtaining bulk density estimates using this method would facilitate calculation of sediment loading rates to riverine systems with actual field data.
Conservation of Natural Resources↗
A multiple modality approach combining the effect of conditioning with adoptive chemoimmunotherapy.
It has been demonstrated that significant protection against YC8 lymphoma can be induced in mice preimmunized with normal DBA/2 spleen cells. The DBA/2 spleen cells used as an alloantigen share minor histocompatibility determinants with the YC8 tumor. Our observations showed that once tumor was present in vivo, the use of a potent tumor specific vaccine that can confer 100% protection to preimmunized animals, can help in increasing survival but can no longer produce high incidence of regression and cure. We have used this model to show that adoptive chemoimmunotherapy (ACIT) can be used to regress tumors in mice with large body burden of tumor and that combination of conditioning with ACIT appears to enhance the effectiveness of treatment. The nature of the immunity conferred by conditioned resistance might be due to cytotoxic T-lymphocytes.
Animals↗
A strategy to identify the learning needs of staff nurses.
Rapidly changing technology and the trend toward specialization make continuing education (CE) vital for today's nurses. Various methods to assess CE needs of nurses are described in the literature. This article outlines an assessment strategy implemented to determine staff nurses' perceptions of their learning needs. In addition, head nurses and clinical directors were surveyed regarding their perceptions of the staff nurses' learning needs. The chosen strategy used limited resources to contact a large number of nurses within a short time frame. Results indicated that the three groups surveyed perceived similar learning needs for staff nurses.
Education, Nursing, Continuing↗