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Biomedical subjects

D M Dent

Publications and source records attributed to D M Dent.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer.

Prolonged chemotherapy has been used as an adjuvant to mastectomy in women with involved axillary nodes, in an attempt to ablate or suppress subclinical, micrometastatic disease. The preliminary results and surrounding controversies are reviewed. It is concluded that at this time there is a decreased relapse rate but no increase in survival, and it is in this light that adjuvant chemotherapy cannot be endorsed outside of well-conducted clinical trials.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1977

New observations on the cholangiographic pseudocalculus defect: a case report.

Contraction of the distal sphincter of the common bile duct (as distinct from the sphincter of Oddi) may produce a pseudocalculus defect. A typical case is described where the defect was thought to be a retained stone on T-tube cholangiography. The anatomy of the defect is emphasized by its persistence after sphincteroplasty. A diagnostic feature is the immediate abolition of the defect by hyoscine butylbromide (Buscopan, Boehringer Ingelheim).

Cholangiography↗
PubMed1977

Tuberculosis of the breast.

Twenty-one cases of mammary tuberculosis are reported and the attendant clinical and histological difficulties described. It is probable that contemporary clinicians would now make the clinical diagnosis of breast abscess or carcinoma. Furthermore, the histological features (without demonstration or culture of the organism) may be confused with those granulomatous epithelloid reactions seen in mammary duct ectasia (comedo cell mastitis, plasma cell mastitis) and in traumatic fat necrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Perforated duodenal ulcer: is the distinction between acute and chronic valid?

Perforations of acute and chronic duodenal ulcers were compared in 70 patients by analysis of the age and racial incidence, the acid output and the histology of the ulcer edge at the time of perforation. There was no significant difference between the ulcer types when these variables were considered. It is suggested that the only difference is the perseverance of symptoms and likelihood of relapse in the chronic group, and that in pathological terms the only true acute ulcer is the rare stress ulcer.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

The value of laparotomy in staging of lymphoma.

Seventy-one patients with lymphoma underwent staging laparotomy. Fifty of the patients had Hodgkin's disease and the remainder, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. One patient died from pulmonary embolism on the tenth postoperative day, one required temporary assisted ventilation, one required reoperation for hemorrhage and six patients had infectious complications which responded to appropriate antibiotic therapy. Despite extensive noninvasive procedures, including bone marrow trephine biopsy and lymphangiography, in approximately 30% of the patients, the disease was restaged as a result of the operation. Since primary management of these diseases is critically dependent upon accurate staging, we conclude that, at the present time, this procedure is indispensible for proper management, as it contributes information not available from other currently used investigational techniques.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Experience with splenectomy in auto-immune thrombocytopenia and agnogenic myeloid metaplasia.

In a 5-year period 37 patients with auto-immune thrombocytopenic purpura (AITP) and 22 with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM) underwent splenectomy. In 26 of the patients with AITP (70%) a satisfactory response was obtained, although there was 1 death a year later as a result of infection. In 6 cases (16%) significant postoperative haemostatic problems were experienced. Seventeen of the patients with AMM (77%) improved as a result of the operation, but 3 of them (14%) died in the postoperative period. During the follow-up period a further 4 patients died (18%). Haemorrhagic complications occurred in 7 patients (32%), of whom 2 died immediately after the operation. Haemostatic screening procedures during this whole period failed to predict the risk of postoperative haemorrhage, and in neither group did prophylactic platelet infusion significantly reduce haemorrhagic complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The temporary colostomy.

The indications for a temporary transverse colostomy are examined in the light of a year's experience of the Stomatherapy Service at Groote Schuur Hospital. A surgical technique, which employs primary colocutaneous suture and which may be used in both emergency and elective situations, is described.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1976

Stomatherapy and the stomatherapist.

Stomatherapy can be defined as specialist care given to patients who undergo surgery with construction of a colostomy, ileostomy or urinary conduit. The role of the stomatherapist is outlined and the stomatherapy techniques and appliances used by the Groote Schuur Hospital Stomatherapy Service are described.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1975

Smoking and other factors affecting the conservative management of peripheral vascular disease.

Three hundred and ninety patients with peripheral vascular disease, who were neither eligible for, nor fit to undergo, surgery, have been studied in a prospective trial to assess the effectiveness of adequate active conservative therapy. These patients were followed up from 4 to 72 months, the duration of the average follow-up being 24 months. There was a 72% over-all improvement rate. The most striking feature of the trial was the correlation between smoking and failure to improve.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Cytomegalic virus infection of bowel in adults.

Cytomegalic virus infection of the bowel in 2 adult patients is reported. The controversies related to this rare pathology are evaluated, particularly the role of cytomegalic inclusion virus (CMV) as a primary or secondary pathogen in bowel.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The place of surgery in nodular thyroid disease.

The case records of 419 patients undergoing thyroidectomy for nodular goitre are examined in the light of the final pathology and the incidence of carcinoma. In patients presenting with a clinically single nodule, the incidence of carcinoma was 10%; in multinodular goitres this incidence was 4%. A policy for the surgical treatment of nodular goitre is proposed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1975

Stimuli for heptadecapeptide gastrin release: a comparison of oral and intravenous arginiine-monochloride and oxo in normal, vagotomized and antrectomized patients.

Arginine, administered intravenously, was a more potent stimulus to gastrin release than oral Oxo-feeding, while oral arginine failed to elicit a response in normal subjects. Intravenous arginine stimulated a rise in serum gastrin only in normal subjects but not in antrectomized or vagotomized patients. The gastric antrum appears to be the major site of production of heptadecapeptide gastrin and 'mini' gastrin, as measured by the anti-serum used in our radio-immunoassay.

Administration, Oral↗