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Biomedical subjects

D Levine

Publications and source records attributed to D Levine.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Synthetic vs human surfactants in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome: radiographic findings.

Exosurf, a synthetic surfactant, was instilled endotracheally in 49 neonates as treatment for respiratory distress syndrome. The radiologic courses of these neonates were compared with the courses of 18 neonates previously treated with human surfactant and of 18 untreated neonates. The radiologic severity of respiratory distress syndrome decreased significantly in neonates treated with Exosurf compared with that in untreated neonates. Radiologic improvement in those treated with Exosurf was slightly delayed when compared with the improvement of age-matched neonates treated with human surfactant. Otherwise no significant difference was noted between Exosurf and human surfactant in radiologic severity of respiratory distress syndrome or in the prevalence of pulmonary interstitial emphysema, pneumothorax, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. These findings support the thesis that artificial surfactant is an acceptable substitute for surfactants of biological origin, with possible benefits of safety and ease of use.

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia↗
PubMed1990

Subacute scrotal pain: evaluation of torsion versus epididymitis with MR imaging.

Torsion knot and whirlpool patterns result from the twisting of the spermatic cord, which produces distortion of cord structures. These two findings, along with spermatic cord vascularity, were used to prospectively differentiate testicular torsion from epididymitis in 11 patients with subacute scrotal pain who underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The final diagnosis was established clinically in four patients and surgically in five. MR imaging enabled the recognition of each entity without error. Retrospective review of findings highlighted other potential discriminating features, the most important of which were testicular size and vascularity. Because of its ability to highlight vessels and detail normal and abnormal intrascrotal anatomy, MR imaging in this small series enabled the differentiation of subacute torsion from epididymitis with 100% accuracy. This high degree of accuracy warrants further investigation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Patterns of thought disorder associated with right cortical damage, schizophrenia, and mania.

The authors used the Thought Disorder Index to measure thought disorder in 23 patients with unilateral right hemisphere cortical damage, 20 patients with bipolar mania, and 25 patients with schizophrenia. There were no differences in the total amount of thought disorder in these groups, but each showed a unique pattern of thought disorder. Patients with right hemisphere damage displayed fragmented thinking, manic patients displayed playful thinking, and schizophrenic patients displayed idiosyncratic thinking. These findings support the view that thought disorder is manifested in different forms that are relatively specific to psychiatric or neurological condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Physician knowledge, attitudes, and behavior related to reporting adverse drug events.

Voluntary physician reporting of adverse drug events (ADEs) in their patients remains the single most important source of information on serious and rare ADEs. Yet, substantial underreporting exists and the factors producing it are unclear. We surveyed 3000 randomly chosen physicians by mailed questionnaire to determine their knowledge about the reporting system, attitudes toward reporting, and their past behavior in reporting the ADEs they had detected. Responses numbered 1121. Only 57% were aware of the Food and Drug Administration's reporting system. While 418 physicians had detected an ADE in their practices during the previous year, only 21 physicians reported these events directly to the Food and Drug Administration. The physicians appear to appreciate the safety issues involved in prescription drug use and view reporting as a professional obligation; however, the current reporting system is considered inconvenient.

Attitude↗
PubMed1987

Organizational resources in support of patient education programs: relationship to reported delivery of instruction.

Two studies of patient education programs tested hypotheses regarding the relationship between structural, attitudinal, and resource variables and reported receipt of instruction by patients and delivery of instruction by providers. Three predictor variables--degree of structure for implementation, provider perception of reinforcement for doing patient education, and perceived payoffs from the program, were significantly related to measures of the dependent variable. Age of the program, administrator support for social change and staff support for the program, did not show significant relationships with receipt/delivery of instruction. Future studies might investigate: how coordinative functions are carried out rather than whether a coordinator for the program has been named, the relationship between financial condition of the hospital and ability to deliver patient education services, and the relationship between patient education resources and outcome variables such as health care services used and cost. Research about resources necessary to ensure adequate delivery of instruction to patients is as important as is research about resources necessary to ensure adequate delivery of instruction to patients is as important as is research about the design of instruction.

Data Collection↗