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Biomedical subjects

D Lester

Publications and source records attributed to D Lester.

At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Increased alcohol selection in rats after alcohol drinking paired with recovery from thiamine deficiency.

Repeated pairings of novel alcohol solutions (5% or 7.5% w/v) with IP injections of 267 microgram/kg thiamine in thiamine-deficient male Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in the ingestion of pharmacologically active doses of alcohol in association with recovery. Mean alcohol intake in a postrecovery fluid choice situation exceeded metabolic capacity for 7--10 days; such intake was not observed in nondeficient pair-fed rats or in formely deficient rats whose recovery was not paired with alcohol drinking. Alcohol was self-selected in the presence of water under conditions where the rats had no experience with water while deficient, but the presence of 0.1% saccharin as a postrecovery alternative to alcohol was sufficient to abolish the elevated intake. Absolute alcohol intake and blood alcohol levels on recovery days and during self-selection were comparable with 5% and 7.5% alcohol solutions.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1977

Selective breeding of rats for differences in reactivity to alcohol. An approach to an animal model of alcoholism. II. Behavioral measures.

Two lines of rats have been bred which differ in sensitivity to alcohol over a range of doses, but the difference is not reflected in blood alcohol concentration, alcohol intake or selection. The two lines respond similarly on tests of emotionality; however, differences in running-wheel activity suggest differences in neural apparatus.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1977

Graphological signs for extraversion.

Graphological signs of extraversion were rated from handwriting samples of undergraduates (ns = 35 males, 31 females; 23 males, 20 females) and correlated with extraversion scores from an objective psychological test. No evidence was found for the validity of the graphological signs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The effect of ethanol ingestion on the aldehyde dehydrogenases of rat liver.

The effect of ethanol ingestion on aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in the subcellular fractions of livers from 14 pair-fed male Sprague-Dawley rats was tested. Enzymatic assays were performed at two different concentrations of propionaldehyde (0.068 and 13.6 mM) sufficient to saturate enzymes with high and low affinities for propionaldehyde, respectively. The effect of alcohol ingestion varied depending on the subcellular fraction tested and the propionaldehyde concentration used in the assay. There was a 60% increase in the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase with high affinity for propionaldehyde in the mitochondrial membranes. Conversely there was a 50% decrease in the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenases with high affinity for propionaldehyde in the microsomal fraction. There was also a 58% decrease in the activity of enzymes from the mitochondrial matrix with low affinity for propionaldehyde. The results suggest that differences in the assay systems employed may account for the conflicting results obtained by previous investigators of the effect of ethanol feeding.

Aldehyde Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1976

Classification of suicidal behaviors. II. Dimensions of suicidal intent.

A factor analysis of a scale to assess suicidal intent showed four major dimensions: expectancies and attitudes, premeditation, precautions against intervention, and oral communication. Certain types of actions associated with attempted suicide such as seeking help or social isolation appear to be revealing of particular behavioral patterns or motives. Dealing with intent only as a global concept is an oversimplification. Suicidal ideation and suicidal acts are seen as complex patterns of behavior requiring increasingly thorough analyses for better understanding, prediction, and prevention.

Attitude↗
PubMed1976

Components of suicidal intent in completed and attempted suicides.

An objective suicidal intent scale was completed for 235 completed suicides and 246 attempted suicides in Philadelphia. The responses to the items of the suicidal intent scale were factor analyzed separately for the two groups, and the pattern of factors compared. The major difference centered around communication. For the completed suicide the decision appears to be whether or not to communicate; for the attempted suicide the decision appears to be when to communicate.

Communication↗
PubMed1976

Selective breeding of rats for differences in reactivity to alcohol. An approach to an animal model of alcoholism. I. General procedures.

Strains of rats are being developed which have distinct responses in spontaneous locomotor activity to a subhypnotic dose of alcohol. The purpose is to produce one strain in which the injection of a standard dose of alcohol will result in objectively measurable intoxication and a second in which an identical dose will result in virtually no effect.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗