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Biomedical subjects

D L Wright

Publications and source records attributed to D L Wright.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Usefulness of low dose guanfacine, once a day, for 24-hour control of essential hypertension.

The 24-hour duration of the antihypertensive effect of guanfacine, a centrally acting alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist administered once a day, was demonstrated in a 12-week, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Two hundred and forty-nine patients who remained mildly to moderately hypertensive following a 5-week period, during which they had been weaned from previous antihypertensive medications and stabilized on 25-mg chlorthalidone taken once a day, were involved. Of the 249 patients, 126 received guanfacine as a step-2 agent and 123 received placebo. Both groups were further subdivided so that blood pressure (BP) measurements were determined either 12 or 24 hours after dosing. The initial dose of guanfacine was 1 mg/day, which could be raised 1 mg at 2-week intervals to a maximum daily dose of 3 mg/day at the discretion of each investigator. The daily dose could also be lowered by 1 mg at 2-week intervals, depending on patient response. The mean 24-hour reductions with guanfacine in sitting diastolic BP (-11 mm Hg), systolic BP (-14 mm Hg) and mean arterial pressure (-12 mm Hg) were statistically significant (p less than 0.01) compared with the reductions in BP with placebo. Heart rate also decreased with guanfacine, but no clinically relevant bradycardia (less than 60 beats/min) was observed. Dry mouth (47%), constipation (16%), fatigue (12%) and drowsiness (4%) were the most frequently reported side effects. The highly acceptable side-effects profile of guanfacine was also indicated by the small percentage of patients (7%) who prematurely left the study because of adverse reactions.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

New bicyclic antidepressant agent. Synthesis and activity of napactadine and related compounds.

A number of N,N'-dialkylarylamidines were synthesized and evaluated for antidepressant activity. Several of these compounds were synthesized from the corresponding nitriles by a new method. Slight structural modification in the series caused a marked change in biological activity and led to compounds as active as imipramine. The arylacetamidine, N,N'-dimethyl-2-naphthaleneethanimidamide hydrochloride (33) (napactadine) was selected for clinical study. Forty-eight additional analogues of 33, including a number of N-alkylamidines, were prepared.

Aggression↗
PubMed1982

Effect of vocal disguise on judgments of speakers' sex and race.

To determine the effect of speakers' attempts to disguise their voices on listeners' accuracy in judgments of speakers' sex and race, 26 speakers, 13 women and 13 men, recorded six sentences under three conditions: (a) in a normal manner, (b) in a manner in which they attempted to sound like a member of the opposite sex, and (c) in a manner in which they attempted to sound like a member of the black race. Three master tapes were constructed, one for each of the three conditions. A total of 40 judges, 20 in an experiment on sex identification and 20 in one on race identification, participated in two sessions, one for each of two tapes (control and disguise) in each experiment. In each session they were asked to judge the sex or race of the speaker of each sentence and, using a seven-point confidence rating scale, to indicate the over-all confidence in their judgments at the end of each session. Analysis indicated that, although listeners' accuracy for sex and race identification was greater under the control than disguised conditions for the majority of speakers, the differences between the two conditions were relatively small. Implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effect of vocal disguise on estimations of speakers' ages.

To determine the effect of speakers' attempts to disguise their voices on listeners' accuracy in age judgments, 26 speakers, 13 females and 13 males, recorded six sentences under three conditions: (a) in a normal manner, actually were, and (c) in a manner in which they attempted to sound much older than they actually were. Three master tapes were constructed, one for each of the three conditions. A total of 20 judges, 10 females and 10 males, participated in three sessions, one for each of the three master tapes. In each session they were asked to judge the age of the speaker of each sentence and, using a seven-point confidence rating scale, to indicate the over-all confidence in their judgments at the end of each session. Although a majority of speakers yielded age estimates consistent with the conditions of intended disguise, the differences in listeners' estimates among all three conditions were relatively small. Moreover, differences between speakers' actual ages and listeners' age estimates in the control condition were also small. Implications of the findings and suggestions for research are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1973

Multiple forms of acetylcholinesterase from human erythrocytes.

1. Acetylcholinesterase from human erythrocytes was solubilized with Triton X-100 in strong salt solution and partially purified by (NH(4))(2)SO(4) fractionation. This preparation showed three main bands of enzyme activity after electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel and incubation with either alpha-naphthyl acetate or acetylthiocholine as enzyme substrate. Two of the multiple forms were completely inhibited by 10mum-eserine and one only partially. Treatment with neuraminidase had no effect on the electrophoretic pattern; therefore sialic acid does not appear to determine or affect the ratios of the acetylcholinesterase multiple forms, unlike those of the serum cholinesterase. 2. Chromatography of the preparation on Sephadex G-200 revealed one major peak of enzyme activity and a suggestion of two minor zones of mol.wt. 546000, 184000 and 93000 (i.e. in the proportion 6:2:1). The main peak was almost completely separated from the Triton X-100 and the overall purification was about 600-fold. Further attempts to purify the enzyme by absorption on calcium phosphate gels were unsuccessful. 3. Electrophoresis of the enzyme preparation on a polyacrylamide gradient for 24h revealed three main bands that corresponded to the three values for molecular weights obtained by column chromatography. After 70h of electrophoresis a further three zones of activity developed making six molecular entities, the molecular weights of which were simple multiples of a monomer, thus resembling the cholinesterase found in serum.

Acetates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Response effects due to bystander presence in CASI and paper-and-pencil surveys of drug use and alcohol use.

In this study we investigated the influence of bystanders on self-administered interviews asking about the use of alcohol and illicit drugs. Interview participants were adolescents and young adults living in urban and suburban areas of the United States. Participants were assigned randomly to either a computerized or a paper-and-pencil self-administered interview. Results show that the impact of bystanders during the interview varies according to the identity of the bystander, age of the person interviewed, and the mode of interview. When a parent was present during the interview, survey participants were less likely to report the use of alcohol and marijuana. The influence of parents was stronger for adolescents than for young adults. The use of computer-assisted self-administered interviewing, compared to interviews with paper-and-pencil forms, reduced the effects due to the presence of parents during the interview. The presence of siblings during the interview had a small, negative effect on reports of using alcohol or illicit drugs. Among married or cohabiting respondents, the presence of the husband, wife, or live-in partner had no influence on reports of alcohol use or drug use.

Adolescent↗