Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D L Dunner

Publications and source records attributed to D L Dunner.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Social outcome compared in psychotic and nonpsychotic bipolar I patients.

Eighty-nine bipolar I patients were given a structured interview, the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. Those who had experienced delusions or hallucinations at some time during the course of their illness were designated "psychotic," and those who had not were designated "nonpsychotic." The two groups were compared with regard to a number of outcome variables as well as age, age at first treatment, and duration of illness. The psychotic group had significantly poorer outcome in terms of social functioning. Although age, age at first treatment, and duration of illness distinguished between the two groups of patients, statistical analyses indicated that these variables did not account for differences in social outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Sub-types of bipolar affective disorder with particular regard to bipolar II.

This paper discusses subtypes of effective disorder, in particular with regard to subtyping bipolar affective illness. The history of the subdivision of patients into unipolar groups is reviewed. The clinical, genetic, pharmacological and biological evidence supporting the subtyping of affective disorders is discussed, and directions for future research are proposed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Body composition in affective disorder before, during, and after lithium carbonate therapy.

The body composition of three unipolar and 17 bipolar patients, studied during the depressive state, was compared with that of 48 controls. The ratio of extracellular to intracellular water content was significantly less in male patients than in male controls: the difference between female patients and female controls was not statistically significant. In patients of both sexes, residual sodium concentration was greater in patients than in controls. The intracellular content of potassium was the same in patients as in controls. In six patients, body composition was studied prior to lithium carbonate therapy, after 17 days of treatment, and 17 days after discontinuing administration of the drug. The significant changes were a decrease in body weight during therapy, and a decrease in body water content and an increase in residual sodium concentration after drug treatment was discontinued.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1982

Age of onset of affective illness.

The age of onset of affective illness as measured by the initial psychiatric consultation for four affective subtypes was evaluated. Bipolar I (mean age = 28.00) and cyclothymics (mean age = 27.58) sought psychiatric consultation for their affective symptoms significantly earlier than unipolar patients (mean age = 34.69). Bipolar II patients (mean age = 31.54) sought psychiatric consultation at an age intermediate between bipolar I and unipolar patients. Male bipolar II patients sought psychiatric treatment significantly later than female bipolar II patients and there was a nonsignificant trend toward male cyclothymics initially seeking treatment later than female cyclothymics. In all, the range of age of onset for the four affective subtypes was quite wide suggesting that a patient was at risk for developing an affective disorder at any time from adolescence to the geriatric age range.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Lithium pharmacokinetics, duration of therapy, and the adenylate cyclase system.

The elimination half-life of lithium carbonate in red blood cells, plasma, and urine was measured in 30 patients hospitalized for primary affective disorders. The duration of lithium treatment at the time of sampling was found to have a direct effect on lengthening time-course. Those on their initial course of lithium had the lowest half-lives (in days): 1.12 (urine), 1.28 (plasma), and 1.22 (red blood cells); those with less than 1 year of lithium had intermediate values: 1.85, 1.65, and 1.75, and those with more than 1 year of continuous lithium administration had the highest mean half-lives: 2.40, 2.43, and 2.24. The significance of these results for urine (p less than 0.01) and plasma (p less than 0.05) indicates further evidence that lithium may stimulate the production of an endogenous regulator of lithium efflux. 8 of these patients had lumbar punctures before lithium administration: those with previous treatment with lithium had higher mean cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels than those taking it for the first time. These results are discussed in the context of the possible mechanisms of lithium action.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1982

Lithium prophylaxis of depression in unipolar, bipolar II, and cyclothymic patients.

The authors assessed lithium's prophylactic effect against depression in unipolar (N = 43), bipolar II (N = 102), and cyclothymic (N = 69) patients using a longitudinal life-table analysis and calculated the probability of remaining free of a depressive episode. The probability of remaining free of one depressive episode after 2 years of taking lithium ranged from 42% to 55% for the bipolar II patients, 31% to 42% for the unipolar patients, and 26% to 36% for the cyclothymic patients. The average probability of suffering one depressive episode severe enough to require either pharmacologic intervention or hospitalization in a 2-year period was 51% for the bipolar II patients, 64% for the unipolar patients, and 69% for the cyclothymic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Lithium elimination half-life and duration of therapy.

The elimination half-life (t1/2E) of lithium carbonate in red blood cells, plasma, and urine was measured in 30 patients hospitalized for primary affective disorder. Duration of Li treatment at time of sampling was found to have a direct effect on lengthening time course. Patients on their initial course of Li had the lowest t1/2s: 1.12 (urine), 1.28 (plasma), and 1.22 days (red blood cells); those less than 1 yr on Li had intermediate values: 1.85, and 1.65, and 1.75 days; and those more than 1 continuous year on Li had the longest mean t1/2s: 2.40, 2.43, and 2.24 days. These results for urine (p less than 0.01) and plasma (p less than 0.05) are further evidence that Li may stimulate the production of an endogenous regulator of Li efflux. This regulator may prove to be an important factor in planning of long-term Li prophylaxis.

Female↗
PubMed1981

Course and relationship of lithium side effects to plasma lithium levels.

49 patients with primary affective disorders maintained on lithium were evaluated over a 6-month course and the pattern of 10 well-known innocuous side effects of lithium therapy was closely evaluated. The patients had significantly more side effects in the 1st month as opposed to the 4th through 6th months. The difference was statistically significant (with p less than 0.05). There was no difference in plasma lithium levels among individuals having no side effects, 1-2 side effects or 3 or more side effects at any point during the 6-month period.

Adult↗