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Biomedical subjects

D Kromhout

Publications and source records attributed to D Kromhout.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Diet and the role of lipoproteins, lipases, and thyroid hormones in coronary lesion growth.

Relationships between lipoprotein fractions, lipoprotein lipase activities, thyroid hormones, and coronary lesion growth were studied among 35 male patients with severe coronary atherosclerosis, who had participated in the Leiden Intervention Trial, a lipid-lowering dietary intervention program. Coronary arteriography was performed at the beginning of the study and again 2 years later at its termination. The lesions were quantified using a computer-based analysis system to assess the progression rate of coronary lesions based on absolute arterial dimensions in a patient's coronary tree. For this reason an absolute coronary score was computed. Based on absolute coronary scores, patients could be divided into a no-lesion growth group (14 patients) and a progression group (21 patients). Lipoprotein fractions, lipoprotein lipases, and thyroid hormones were determined at the end of the trial. No significant differences were found between the no-lesion growth and progression groups for total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. In the progression group very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly higher (p less than 0.05) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was almost significantly lower (p = 0.058). Hepatic lipase (HL) values were significantly higher in the no-lesion growth group, when compared with the progression group, whereas lipoprotein lipase (LPL) values were not significantly different. Triiodothyronine (T3) was significantly lower (p less than 0.01) in the progression group. Multivariate regression analysis showed HL to be the most important determinant of changes in coronary atherosclerotic lesions. T3 and HDL cholesterol were also independently inversely related to coronary lesion growth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Energy, nutrient and food intake during infancy and early childhood. The Leiden Preschool Children Study.

In Leiden, The Netherlands, a longitudinal dietary survey was carried out among 124 children at the age of 4, 16 and 28 months. Food intake was measured using the 24-hour recall method. In general, the average intake of nutrients was in accordance with the recommendations, although the energy intake was 6 per cent below the recommended daily energy allowance at the age of 4 and 28 months, and 19 per cent at 16 months. The infants derived 82.5 per cent of their energy from breastmilk and/or formula at the age of 4 months. At 28 months the food intake resembled the average intake of Dutch adults more than at 16 months. The contribution of sweets and snacks to total energy increased from 2 per cent at 4 months to 9 and 19 per cent at the ages of 16 and 28 months respectively. The sweet and snack consumption showed a statistically significant tracking-correlation at 4, 16 and 28 months. Mothers with a high eduction appeared to breastfeed their infants longer and to give them less sweets and snacks at 16 months. At 28 months the influence of educational level disappeared. It is concluded that the recommendations for preschool children need adjustment and the nutritional habits, which are developing during early childhood, should be corrected with respect to the consumption of sweets.

Aging↗
PubMed1985

The inverse relation between fish consumption and 20-year mortality from coronary heart disease.

The low death rate from coronary heart disease among the Greenland Eskimos has been ascribed to their high fish consumption. We therefore decided to investigate the relation between fish consumption and coronary heart disease in a group of men in the town of Zutphen, the Netherlands. Information about the fish consumption of 852 middle-aged men without coronary heart disease was collected in 1960 by a careful dietary history obtained from the participants and their wives. During 20 years of follow-up 78 men died from coronary heart disease. An inverse dose-response relation was observed between fish consumption in 1960 and death from coronary heart disease during 20 years of follow-up. This relation persisted after multiple logistic-regression analyses. Mortality from coronary heart disease was more than 50 per cent lower among those who consumed at least 30 g of fish per day than among those who did not eat fish. We conclude that the consumption of as little as one or two fish dishes per week may be of preventive value in relation to coronary heart disease.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Diet, lipoproteins, and the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. The Leiden Intervention Trial.

We studied the relation between diet, serum lipoproteins, and the progression of coronary lesions in 39 patients with stable angina pectoris in whom coronary arteriography had shown at least one vessel with 50 per cent obstruction before intervention. Intervention consisted of a two-year vegetarian diet that had a ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids of at least 2 and that contained less than 100 mg of cholesterol per day. Dietary changes were associated with a significant increase in linoleic acid content of cholesteryl esters and a significant lowering of body weight, systolic blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, and the ratio of total to high-density lipoprotein (total/HDL) cholesterol. Angiographic examination was performed after 24 months; angiograms were assessed visually (with blinding) and by computer-assisted image analysis. Both types of assessment indicated progression of disease in 21 of 39 patients but no lesion growth in 18. Coronary lesion growth correlated with total/HDL cholesterol (r = 0.50, P = 0.001) but not with blood pressure, smoking status, alcohol intake, weight, or drug treatment. Disease progression was significant in patients who had values for total/HDL cholesterol that were higher than the median (greater than 6.9) throughout the trial period. No coronary-lesion growth was observed in patients who had lower values for total/HDL cholesterol (less than 6.9) throughout the trial or who initially had higher values (greater than 6.9) that were significantly lowered by dietary intervention.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Potassium, calcium, alcohol intake and blood pressure: the Zutphen Study.

In 1960, 1965, and 1970 information about the usual intake of foods and beverages was collected by the cross-check dietary history method, among middle-aged men in the town of Zutphen, the Netherlands. Blood pressures were also taken in these years. Potassium intake was significantly inversely related to systolic blood pressure in 1970. A significant inverse relation between calcium intake and blood pressure was found in 1965 and 1970. Changes in potassium and calcium intake during 5 and 10 years of follow-up were not related to changes in blood pressure. In univariate analyses, alcohol intake was significantly positively related to systolic and diastolic blood pressure in all three years. After multivariate analyses this relation persisted for systolic blood pressure in 1960 and for systolic and diastolic blood pressure in 1965. Changes in alcohol intake during 5 years of follow-up were positively related to changes in systolic blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Trace metals and coronary heart disease risk indicators in 152 elderly men (the Zutphen Study).

Information about trace metals and coronary heart disease risk indicators was collected in 1977 among 152 men aged 57-76 years in the town of Zutphen, the Netherlands. Serum zinc, serum copper, blood cadmium, and blood lead were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry and serum lithium by flame emission spectrometry. After uni- and multivariate regression analysis, the following statistically significant relations were found: serum zinc was inversely related to resting heart rate; serum copper was positively related to cigarette smoking and inversely to high density lipoprotein cholesterol; blood cadmium was strongly positively related to cigarette smoking and inversely to Quetelet index; the positive relation between blood lead and cigarette smoking was of borderline significance; and blood lead was related to blood pressure, with the relation being stronger for systolic than for diastolic blood pressure.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Diet, prevalence and 10-year mortality from coronary heart disease in 871 middle-aged men. The Zutphen Study.

The Zutphen Study is a longitudinal investigation among middle-aged men of relationships between diet, other risk characteristics, and coronary heart disease (CHD). In 1960, dietary data were collected by the cross-check dietary history method. CHD mortality data were collected during 10 years of follow-up. The 14 men with CHD at baseline consumed 524 kcal/day less than the 857 CHD-free men. During 10 years of follow-up, 30 men who were initially free of CHD died from CHD. Those men consumed 273 kcal/day less than men who did not die from CHD. The inverse relationship between energy intake and CHD became stronger when energy intake was expressed per kg of body weight. Dietary cholesterol per 1000 kcal was significantly positively related to CHD, while vegetable protein, polysaccharides, and dietary fiber were significantly inversely related to CHD. These relationships were no longer statistically significant when energy intake per kg of body weight was added to the logistic model. The inverse relationship between energy intake per kg of body weight and CHD became insignificant when subscapular skinfold and serum cholesterol were added to the logistic model. It is concluded that the influence of energy intake per kg of body weight on CHD is mediated through other risk characteristics: subscapular skinfold and serum cholesterol.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Breast-feeding, bottle-feeding and related factors. The Leiden Pre-School Children Study.

Infant feeding practices and related factors were studied in a survey of 189 mothers of 4-month-old infants in 1980 and of 151 mothers of 6-month-old infants in 1982. In both groups about 70% of the mothers commenced with breast-feeding. In 1980, 21% of the infants were still being breast-fed at the age of 4 months, compared with 32% in 1982. 26% of the infants were still being breast-fed at the age of 6 months. The most frequently mentioned reason for not commencing with or discontinuing breast-feeding was 'insufficient milk'. Univariate analyses showed that the educational level of the mother and her smoking habits were significantly related to both the commencement and the duration of breast-feeding in 1980 and 1982. These results were confirmed by multivariate analyses which suggest that well educated, non-smoking mothers are the most successful in breast-feeding their infants.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Changes in energy and macronutrients in 871 middle-aged men during 10 years of follow-up (the Zutphen study).

In the Zutphen Study a longitudinal dietary survey was carried out among 871 middle-aged men. In 1960, 1965, and 1970, food intake data were collected using the cross-check dietary history method. During 10 yr of follow-up, body weight increased by about 3.5 kg and the energy intake decreased by about 450 kcal. The decrease in energy intake was paralleled by large decreases in vegetable, total protein, polysaccharides, total carbohydrates, and dietary fiber intake and a large increase in alcohol intake. These changes were statistically significant. Men who were on a diet prescribed by their family physician or specialist ate about 500 kcal less than men who were not on a diet. In 1970, the energy intake of men aged 65 to 69 who were not on a prescribed diet was 200 to 300 kcal lower than that of their counterparts aged 50 to 64. Multivariate analyses confirmed that prescribed diet and age were significantly related to energy intake. Men aged 50 to 59 decreased their energy intake by about 300 kcal between 1960 and 1970.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Energy and macronutrient intake in lean and obese middle-aged men (the Zutphen study).

Relationships between dietary variables and indicators of body fatness were examined in a cohort of 871 middle-aged men in Zutphen, The Netherlands. Men in the highest quartile of the sum of two skinfolds or the Quetelet index distribution consumed on average 300 to 400 kcal less than men in the lowest quartile. Univariate analyses showed that the lower intake of the men in the highest quartiles was occasioned by a lower intake of almost all the macronutrients except alcohol. Multivariate analyses confirmed the inverse relationship between energy intake per kg body weight and indicators for body fatness, and the positive relationship between alcohol and these indicators. It is concluded that obese middle-aged men have a lower energy intake but a higher alcohol intake than their lean counterparts.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1983

Body weight, diet, and serum cholesterol in 871 middle-aged men during 10 years of follow-up (the Zutphen Study).

Information about anthropometric, dietary variables and serum cholesterol was collected in the Zutphen Study in 1960, 1965, and 1970. Relationships among those variables were analyzed both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. In all 3 yr significant correlations were observed between body weight and serum cholesterol. Serum cholesterol was also significantly inversely related to energy intake per kg body weight in all 3 yr after both univariate and multivariate analyses. The percentage energy intake from alcohol was significantly positively related to serum cholesterol in all 3 yr after univariate analyses and in 2 of the 3 yr after multivariate analyses. Changes in body weight during 5 and 10 yr of follow-up were strongly positively related to changes in serum cholesterol during those periods. Multivariate analyses showed that a change of 1 kg in body weight was accompanied by a change in serum cholesterol of 2 mg/dl. Changes in dietary cholesterol per 1000 kcal were weakly significantly related to changes in serum cholesterol during 10 yr of follow-up.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1982

Dietary fibre and 10-year mortality from coronary heart disease, cancer, and all causes. The Zutphen study.

In 1960, 871 middle-aged men in the town of Zutphen, The Netherlands, participated in a survey of risk indicators (including diet) for coronary heart disease (CHD). Information was collected about the usual food intake for the 6--12 months before the interview by the cross-check dietary history method. During 10 years of follow-up, 107 men died from all causes, 37 from CHD, and 44 from cancer. Mortality from CHD was about four times higher for men in the lowest quintile of dietary-fibre intake than for those in the highest quintile, but this inverse relation disappeared after multivariate analyses. Rates of death from cancer and from all causes were about three times higher for men in the lowest quintile of dietary-fibre intake than for those in the highest quintile, and these relations persisted after multivariate analyses. A diet containing at least 37 g dietary fibre per day may be protective against chronic diseases in Western societies.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Standardization of serum cholesterol assays by use of serum calibrators and direct addition of Liebermann-Burchard reagent.

Serum cholesterol concentrations of subjects in epidemiological studies were measured after direct addition of Liebermann-Burchard reagent; results were calibrated with human serum pools assayed according to Abell et al. (J. Biol. Chem. 195:357-366, 1952). Accuracy and precision were monitored for six years by analysis of internal-control pools and blind external-control pools. For various internal-control pools, the imprecision (CV) of the long-term averages of run means ranged from 0.5 to 0.9%. The within-run CV for internal control and patients' sera was about 1%. For blind control sera with different concentrations (provided by the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, over the same period), the average difference per three-month period between the values found and the target values was usually between -0.5% and +0.7% for medium-concentration pools and between -2% and +2% for low- and high-concentration pools (extreme values: -2.4% and +2.5%). The CV per three-month period ranged from 0.6 to 2.7%. Sera from subjects on diets of high or low linoleic acid content were analyzed to study the effect of the fatty acid portion of serum cholesterol esters; the differences between values obtained with the comparison method and the direct method was insignificant on both diets. We conclude that the use of serum calibrators eliminates the bias inherent in the direct method.

Autoanalysis↗