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D Kromhout

Publications and source records attributed to D Kromhout.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Food consumption patterns in the Seven Countries Study. Seven Countries Study Research Group.

At the end of the 1950s the Seven Countries Study was designed to investigate the relation between diet and cardiovascular diseases. Sixteen cohorts were selected in: Finland, Greece, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, the United States and Yugoslavia. During the 1960s food consumption data were collected in random samples of these cohorts using the record method, and data were coded into a standardised form. The average daily consumption per person per cohort was calculated for 16 food groups. Large differences were observed in food consumption patterns between the different cohorts. These differences have diminished during the past 25 years, but the relative position of the cohorts in the distribution of different foods has been maintained. This makes future research into the relation between diet and diseases at population level possible.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed1989

Comparison between habitual intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their concentrations in serum lipid fractions.

To evaluate the validity of the cross-check dietary history method for the assessment of the habitual intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids, the relationship was investigated between the estimated intake of these fatty acids and their relative amounts in the various serum lipid fractions. Food intake data were obtained from a group of volunteers participating in a long-term epidemiological study in the Dutch town of Zutphen. The fatty acid composition of total lipids, phospholipids, triglycerides and cholesterol esters was determined in fasting serum samples from these volunteers. Although correlations between the calculated dietary intake of timnodonic acid (20:5(n-3), TA) and cervonic acid (22:6(n-3), CA), on the one hand, and the relative amounts of these fatty acids in the various serum lipid fractions, on the other, appeared to be statistically significant, no more than about 20 per cent of the variance in the serum values could be explained on the basis of dietary intake. For linoleic acid (18:2(n-6), LA) this was 55 per cent. It is concluded that the cross-check dietary history method is an acceptable technique for estimating the habitual intake of linoleic acid of a given individual. For the fish-related fatty acids, however, this method is less reliable. This discrepancy most probably results from the large differences in TA and CA contents in the same foods. In addition, a negative association with the calculated LA intake on the proportional amount of TA for most of the serum lipid fractions was demonstrated. This indicates an interference of dietary LA on the metabolism of TA.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

For debate: pet birds as an independent risk factor for lung cancer.

To find out whether keeping birds in the home is an independent risk factor for lung cancer a case-control study was carried out in four main hospitals in The Hague, The Netherlands. Forty nine patients under 65 years of age with lung cancer each were matched for age and sex with two control subjects who attended the same general practice. Data were collected on social class, cigarette smoking, intake of beta carotene and vitamin C, and alcohol consumption. It was found that smoking, birdkeeping, and a low intake of vitamin C were significantly and independently related to the incidence of lung cancer. The odds ratio for lung cancer among people who keep birds as pets was estimated to be 6.7 after adjusting for smoking and vitamin C intake. The results of this study suggest that keeping pet birds is an independent risk factor for lung cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The impact of body mass index of 78,612 18-year old Dutch men on 32-year mortality from all causes.

In a non-concurrent cohort study, the data from medical examinations of 78,612 Dutch men at the age of 18 were linked to mortality registrations over a follow-up period of 32 years. Body weight and height, blood pressure, resting pulse rate, education, birth order and a health score were recorded. The average Body Mass Index was 20.8 kg/m2. About 5% of the men were very lean (BMI less than 18) and only about 2% had grade I obesity (BMI greater than 25). During 32 years of follow-up 3642 men died. By means of a logistic regression analysis the impact of Body Mass Index (BMI) at the age of 18 on longevity was investigated. Healthy, well-educated men with a BMI of 19 had a higher rate of survival during the entire follow-up period. A negative effect of a high BMI (greater than 25) was only demonstrable after 20 years of follow-up. Men with a BMI under 18 had an increased mortality risk, which was mainly caused by an impaired health status. The results of this study support the hypothesis that moderately obese young men have an increased mortality risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Energy intake, energy expenditure, and smoking in relation to body fatness: the Zutphen Study.

In 1965 within the Zutphen Study information on several possible determinants of body fatness (eg, energy intake, energy expenditure, alcohol intake, coffee consumption, tea consumption, and smoking) was collected. Univariate analyses showed that for 525 men aged 45-64 y and free from cardiovascular diseases, indicators of body fatness were inversely related to the difference between energy intake and expenditure, physical activity per kilogram body weight, smoking, and coffee consumption. Alcohol intake was directly related to Quetelet index, and tea consumption was not related to indicators of body fatness. Inverse associations between indicators of body fatness and the difference between energy intake and expenditure, physical activity per kilogram body weight, and smoking were confirmed in multivariate analyses. The inverse association between body fatness and the difference between energy intake and expenditure may be due to the underestimation of energy intake by obese subjects. In lean people this association may be explained by a thermogenic effect of smoking.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1988

Validity of the 24-hour recall method in infancy: the Leiden Pre-School Children Study.

In the Leiden Pre-School Children Study the 24-hour recall method was used to determine the energy and nutrient intake of children from four to 28 months. A validation study was carried out in order to get insight into the validity of the collected dietary data. In the first part of the study the validity of the Dutch food table, supplemented with data on commercial babyfoods, was tested. The calculated average energy and nutrient intake of 111 six-month-old non-breastfed infants was compared with the results of chemical analysis of an equivalent composite corresponding with the average food intake of these children. With the exception of calcium and phosphorus the difference between the calculated and analysed values was less than 5%. Secondly the 24-hour recall was validated against the duplicate portion technique among 41 six-month-old non-breastfed infants. With the exception of sodium and iron, energy and nutrient intake data calculated from the 24-hour recall were significantly higher than those obtained after chemical analysis of the duplicate portions. However, on a relative level the results of the 24-hour recall and the duplicate portion technique corresponded very well. These results suggest that for infants a systematic difference exists between both methods.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1988

Determinants of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in human milk.

In a longitudinal pilot study on the course of the PCB concentration in human milk during six months of lactation, some important PCB determinants could be studied in 23 women and their infants. PCB values were within the range of those found in the literature. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to investigate the association of the mean PCB concentration over the first half year of lactation with maternal parameters, such as age, height, weight, previous lactation period, education, occupation, residence, smoking, drinking and dietary habits as well as the infant parameters gestational age, birthweight and weight gain in the first six months of life. Since the PCB concentration on fat basis and the fat content of the milk were strongly inversely related, statistical analyses were carried out both on fat and on milk basis. In univariate analyses the PCB concentration on fat basis was most strongly associated with pre- versus post-pregnancy weight gain, age and occupation. After multiple regression analysis PCB concentration on fat basis remained significantly associated with weight gain changes and remained borderline (p less than 0.10) significantly related with occupation. The pre-pregnancy Quetelet Index of the mother (height/weight) and the estimated PCB content of the diet (primarily fish) were strongly correlated with the PCB concentration on milk basis. Only the Quetelet Index remained significantly related after multiple regression analysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Blood lead and coronary heart disease risk among elderly men in Zutphen, The Netherlands.

Information about blood lead and other coronary heart disease risk factors was collected in 1977 among 152 men aged 57 to 76 years in the town of Zutphen, the Netherlands. Blood lead was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The blood lead distribution was skewed to the right. The median blood lead concentration was 167 micrograms/L, and the mean was 183 micrograms/L. Blood lead levels above 300 micrograms/L were present among 8.6% and levels above 400 micrograms/L among 1.3% of the Zutphen men. Blood lead was of borderline significance to cigarette smoking. After both univariate and multivariate analyses, a significant association was found between blood lead and blood pressure. This relation was stronger for systolic than for diastolic blood pressure. Of the 141 elderly men free of coronary heart disease in 1977, 26 developed coronary heart disease between 1977 and 1985. Blood lead was not associated with coronary heart disease incidence in both univariate and multivariate analyses.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Serum cholesterol and 25-year incidence of and mortality from myocardial infarction and cancer. The Zutphen Study.

In the Zutphen Study, cholesterol determinations were carried out in 1960 in serum of 829 middle-aged men. Between 1960 and 1985, detailed information was collected on morbidity and mortality in these men. During 25 years of follow-up, 179 men developed myocardial infarctions and 203 developed cancer. During this period, 110 men died of myocardial infarction, 144 of cancer, and 410 of all causes. Survival analysis showed that the serum cholesterol level in 1960 was independently related to the 25-year incidence of myocardial infarction. This long-term relation was mainly due to the strong association between serum cholesterol level and 15-year incidence of myocardial infarction. Similar but less pronounced relations were found between serum cholesterol level and 15- and 25-year mortality from myocardial infarction. Serum cholesterol level was related neither to long-term incidence of and mortality from cancer nor to mortality from all causes.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1987

Progression and regression of human coronary atherosclerosis. The role of lipoproteins, lipases and thyroid hormones in coronary lesion growth.

Relations between lipoprotein fractions, lipoprotein lipase activities, thyroid hormones and coronary lesion growth were studied among 35 male patients with severe coronary atherosclerosis, who had participated in the lipid lowering, dietary Leiden Intervention Trial. Coronary arteriographies were performed at the beginning of the study and 2 years later at termination. The coronary anatomy was quantitated with a computer-based analysis system to assess the progression rate of coronary atherosclerosis on the basis of the absolute arterial dimensions in a patient's coronary tree; for these purposes an absolute coronary score was computed. On the basis of the absolute coronary scores, the entire group of patients could be divided into a no lesion growth group (14 patients) and a progression group (21 patients). Lipoprotein fractions, lipoprotein lipases and thyroid hormones were determined at the end of the trial. No significant difference was found between the no lesion growth and progression groups of patients for total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C). The VLDL-cholesterol (VLDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) and HDL-C was almost significantly lower (P less than 0.10) in the progression group. Hepatic lipase (HL) values were significantly higher in the no lesion growth group, as compared to the progression group, whereas lipoprotein lipase (LPL) values were not significantly different. Triiodothyronine (T3) was significantly lower (P less than 0.01) in the progression group. Multivariate regression analysis showed HL to be the most important determinant of changes in coronary atherosclerotic lesions. T3 and HDL were also independently inversely related to coronary atherosclerotic lesion growth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Angiocardiography↗
PubMed1987

Long-term effects of a linoleic acid-enriched diet, changes in body weight and alcohol consumption on serum total and HDL-cholesterol.

Investigations on diet, body weight, and lipoproteins were carried out in 28 patients with stable angina pectoris. They consumed a linoleic acid-enriched diet (P/S ratio = 2) for a period of 2 years. The total fat content remained constant before and during intervention, contributing 34% to energy intake. During intervention serum total cholesterol and the total/HDL cholesterol ratio decreased significantly, but HDL cholesterol did not change. Changes in body weight were significantly inversely related to changes in HDL cholesterol and positively to the total/HDL cholesterol ratio. Changes in alcohol intake were significantly positively related to both total and HDL cholesterol but unrelated to the total/HDL cholesterol ratio. From the results of this long-term study it can be concluded that a moderate fat diet with a P/S ratio of 2 can lower total cholesterol effectively without affecting HDL cholesterol.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Which factors influence age at onset and rate of progression in Huntington's disease?

Fifty-one families of patients affected with Huntington's chorea were interviewed with respect to age at onset, symptoms at onset and course of the disease. The interview further comprised questions pertinent to line of transmission, socio-economic status, housing, previous illnesses and pregnancy and stillbirth. Since the study was set up as a fishing expedition detailed quantitative information was gathered on many life-style factors including eating, drinking and smoking habits. In adult age onset cases earlier age at onset correlated with lower rate of progression. Line of transmission was of no influence on age at onset in cases with onset above 20 years. No statistically significant relationship was found between any factor studied and age at onset, except for the intake of milk. Higher previous milk intake was associated with earlier ages at onset. This finding is critically discussed. No difference was found between the respective ages at onset of conduct disorders and affective disorders. This suggests that they are both associated with the Huntington gene.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Medical sociology and epidemiology: convergences, divergences and legitimate boundaries.

For the purpose of exploring the existence of problem areas that may give rise to the question whether there is a tendency to (illegitimately) trespass across boundaries between medical sociology and epidemiology, important convergences and divergences between both disciplines are described. To assemble arguments for the legitimacy of fields of study we trace comparatively the history of both disciplines, definitions of their fields under study and aims of study, as well as characteristic concepts and constructs. Current research themes are taken from international journals; divergent interests are briefly described and potential 'trespassing' of boundaries is discussed, referring to themes showing convergences of interest.

Authorship↗
PubMed1987

Type of milk feeding and nutrient intake during infancy. The Leiden Pre-School Children Study.

During infancy different types of milk feeding can be used, i.e. breast milk, formula or cow's milk. In the Leiden Pre-School Children Study food intake and anthropometric data of four-, six- and nine-month-old infants were collected to study the influence of the type of milk feeding on the energy and nutrient intake on one hand and on height and weight on the other hand. All three different types of milk feeding were studied in the four-month-old infants. In the six- and nine-month-old infants food intake data of those breast-fed were not collected. No differences in energy intake and in height and weight were found between formula-fed infants and infants fed on cow's milk at the three age-levels. The influence on nutrient intake, on the contrary, was substantial. Compared to formula feeding, cow's milk feeding resulted in a significantly higher intake of protein, sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus and a significantly lower intake of linoleic acid, iron and ascorbic acid. Cow's milk feeding at four months was more prevalent among less educated mothers than among mothers with higher education. Breast feeding was strongly positively related to educational level of the mother at all three ages. It can be concluded that more information should be given about the advantages and disadvantages of different types of milk feeding especially to less educated mothers.

Animals↗