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Biomedical subjects

D Kraft

Publications and source records attributed to D Kraft.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

The effect of 5,6-trans-25-hydroxycholecalciferol in relative vitamin D resistancy.

The relative vitamin D resistance in patients with chronic renal failure and in those with hypoparathyroidism is due to an impairment of 1-hydroxylation of cholecalciferol. 5,6-trans-25OHCC, which has a similar steric configuration as 1,25(OH)2CC was examined at a daily dose of 18,000 IU fro 14 days in both diseases. Intestinal 47calcium absorption as well as serum calcium level could be normalized in most patients with hypoparathyroidism. The improvement was less in patients with chronic renal failure, suggesting an additional depressing influence of uremia on calcium metabolism.

Calcium↗
PubMed1977

Specific and total serum IgE measurements in the diagnosis of penicillin allergy. A long term follow-up study.

Sera from 204 patients with acute or former reactions following penicillin treatment were investigated by RAST with specificity for benzylpenicilloyl and phenoxymethyl-penicilloyl. The IgE antibody levels were followed up for of more than 2 years. Positive results could be observed at the time of the acute reactions and the weeks following; later months or years in many cases. Occasionally negative RAST results occurred within 30 days; on the other hand high levels of specific IgE persisted for years in some patients. Total serum IgE measured by RIST and the RAST results showed similar patterns, with mean levels of 568 u/ml between 0 and 30 days after the penicillin allergic reaction, 286 u/ml between 30 days and 1 year, and 195 u/ml in cases after 1 year corresponded well with the observed decline in specific IgE. Skin tests performed with penicilloyl-polylysine in 118 patients showed an overall correlation of 91-5% with the RAST results. Differences between the two test systems were observed in patients with a long interval between the test and the last allergic attack. None of the patients with proved penicillin allergy had atopic diseases or a history of atopy. On the basis of these findings it is suggested that the determination of both circulating specific IgE and total IgE should be of great value for diagnostic purposes during acute drug reactions and in the months immediately afterwards.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Surface characteristics of the human K (killer) lymphocyte.

The human non-allergized K (killer) lymphocyte has been characterized using selective depletion and isolation procedures based on surface markers. It was found to be a non-thymus-dependent, Fc-receptor-bearing cell. In an area which is controversial, our findings also indicate that the cell has immunoglobulin on its surface but lacks the receptor for the C3 component of complement (mouse). This would suggest it to be an (Fc + C3-) B lymphocyte.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1977

Comparison between the 5,6-cis and 5,6-trans isomers of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in chronic hypoparathyroidism.

Five patients with chronic post-operative hypoparathyroidism were treated with 450 microgram/day 5,6-trans-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (5,6-trans-25OHD3) for 14 days, and the treatment was continued with 150 microgram/day for one year. At the end of this period the patients received 450 microgram/day 5,6-cis-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (5,6-cis-25OHD3) for 14 days. Comparison of the effects of both isomers revealed a similar ability to enhance intestinal calcium absorption and to normalize serum calcium; serum phosphate and alkaline phosphatase, however, remained unaffected. Urinary phosphate and hydroxyproline excretion decreased on the cis-isomer and increased on the trans-isomer. During treatment with the lower dose of 5,6-trans-25OHD3 intestinal calcium absorption remained in the normal range for one year, whereas the serum calcium decreased to the levels observed before administration of 450 microgram/day within 6 weeks. The results suggest that in hypoparathyroidism 5,6-cis-25OHD3 and 5,6-trans-25OHD3 are equally effective on serum calcium and on intestinal calcium absorption, but that their mode of action on renal phosphate handling and on calcium release from bone is different.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Dentomaxillary destructions in oxalosis].

Oxalosis, a rare metabolic disorder, leads to excessive formation of oxalate and deposition of calcium oxalate crystals in the tissue. This leads to renal insufficiency with resulting secondary hyperparathyroidism and myelofibrosis. In a 27 year old female patient, extensive destruction of the maxilla, mandible and teeth was observed which has not yet been described and which led to the loss of all teeth.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Clinical patterns and results of radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and skin tests in penicillin allergy.

Seventy-nine patients with acute or former reactions to penicillin were investigated by a benzylpenicilloyl (BPO)-specific RAST and/or by skin tests with penicilloyl-polylysine (PPL), benzylpenicillin and penicilloic acid and the results were correlated with the different clinical pictures. Positive RAST and skin test results could be found in patients with anaphylactic shock, urticaria and serum sickness-like reaction and sometimes in a special group of exanthems, which are characterized by the existence of many different lesions at the same time, therefore called 'polymorphic exanthems', and often observed after high-dosage penicillin therapy. In cases of scarlatiniform or morbilliform exanthems no positive results were found. The BPO-specific RAST showed an overall correlation of 95-I% with skin tests using PPL. However, some patients with positive skin tests to benzylpenicillin and penicilloic acid did no have detectable circulating IgE antibodies to BPO. This emphasizes the need for including these antigens in in vitro methods. The RAST was informative even at the allergic reaction or in the first 15 days afterwards and seems to be very valuable for early diagnosis of penicillin allergy especially in cases when many drugs have been given.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Penicillin allergy studies by a modified red-cell-linked antigen-antiblobulin reaction.

A red-cell-linked antigen-radioactive antiglobulin reaction (RCLA AR) is reported which may be combined with the conventional red-cell-linked antigen-antiglobulin reaction (RCLAAR) to measure antibodies of all five immunoglobulin calsses against the same determinant at the same time. The method has been applied to sera from penicillin-allergic patients and controls. Human erythrocytes coated with rabbit antibodies carrying penicilloyl groups were incubated with the serum to be tested, then washed. 125I-labelled anti-human IgE was added and, after further incubation and washing, the radioactivity retained by the cells was counted. This gives a measure of the specific IgE in the test sample. Other aliquots of the coated cells were treated with specific antiglobulin reagents in the usual manner of the RCLAAR in order to determine antibodies of other classes. The sensitivity for IgE was similar to that of the radioallergosorbent test. Information was also obtained about specific IgG subclasses.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Characterization of K-cell activity by use of depletion experiments.

Normal human blood lymphocytes with affinity for ox red cells sensitized with IgG antibody, for normal or papain-treated sheep red cells and for ox red cells coated with mouse complement were used for rosette formation and the rosetting cells separated by density gradient centrifugation on Ficoll/hypaque. The non-rosetting cells at the interface were collected and compared with cell suspensions before treatment for direct and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity of human target cells. Depletion of Fc-receptor-bearing lymphocytes strongly decreased antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity; reduction in the number (or depletion) of T cells and cells with C'3 receptor had no effect, showing the same or enhanced K-cell activity. It is concluded that one type of K or killer cell has Fc receptors but lacks C'3 receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Evaluation of exanthemas following high-dosage intravenous penicillin combinations in intensive care].

118 patients of a non specialized intensive care unit have been studied, all of them under high dose bactericidal cover (10 MIU of Na-Penicillin G and 2,0 Ciclacillin q 12 hrs.) for a period of days to 4 weeks. In 17 (14,4%) a skin rash was observed. 10 of these could be studied using special techniques (radial immunodiffusion, passive hemagglutination, RIST and RAST), however in none of these cases there was a hint of the existence of penicillin specific antibodies. In 6 patients also skin tests were performed. There was no immediate type reaction, only twice delayed type reactions occured to Na Pencillin G.6 patients had continuing treatment on spite of the rash and without further steps the effluorescences vanished within 3-6 days. Therefore continuation of the antibiotic therapy in spite of rash along with strict clinical and laboratory monitoring seems to be preferable to a hastened change of antibiotic regime

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[A comparative study of the value of skin tests and radio-allergo-sorbent tests in inhalation allergies (author's transl)].

Skin tests were performed and the specific IgE levels determined by means of the radio-allero-sorbent test (RAST) in fifty patients with allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis and extrinsic bronchial asthma. An overall correlation between in vitro and in vivo diagnosis was found in 87% of cases. The results of this study indicate that in such allergies the RAST might well be of value as a screening test. In addition it is a valuable supplement to the skin tests, particularly in the elucidation of the diagnosis in problematic cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

The effect of Solanum malacoxylon on rachitic bone lesions in the rat.

The plant Solanum malacoxylon (S.M.) is known to cause severe soft tissue calcifications in cattle and sheep and has recently become of special interest since it exerts biological actions which resemble those of vitamin D. In order to investigate whether S.M. is capable to improve the rachitic bone changes in vitamin D and phosphate deficient rats, a watery extract of 50, 100 and 200 mg S.M. was fed daily to these animals over a period of 10 days. The width of epiphyseal plates was compared after the time with those of rats treates with 0, 0.225, 0.45, and 0.9 IU of vitamin D3 daily. There was a dose related curative effect of S.M. on the epiphyseal lesions very similar to that of vitamin D3. The hypercalcemic and hyperphosphatemic effect of S.M. was identical to that of vitamin D3. The 25-hydroxy-vitamin D serum levels remained almost undetectable in the S.M. treated rats as well as in the vitamin D3 treated animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The metabolism and organ distribution of 5,6-trans-25-hydroxycholecalciferol, an analog of vitamin D-3 in vitamin D-deficient rats.

Investigations have been performed on the metabolism and organ distribution of 5,6-trans-25(OD)D-3, which represents an analog of vitamin D-3 being active in uremia. This analog is rapidly metabolized into at least two more metabolites. The main storage organ for this compound seems to be fat, whereas liver and intestinal mucosa showed at 24 hrs the highest concentration of polar metabolites. In contrast to 25(OH)D-3 5,6-trans-25(OH)D-3 is much less absorbed from the intestinal tract, which should be considered if this compound is applied for treatment of uremic bone diseases.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1975

[Comparative studies on wholebody retention of iron(II)-sulfate and a combination of iron(II)-sulfate and DL-serine].

The wholebody retention of an 59iron-sulphate-DL-serin combination (group B) was compared to that of 59iron-sulphate in healthy female volunteers. Mean 59Fe-retention of group B(n = 9) was found to be 40% higher than that of group A(n = 10); however, this difference was mathematically statistically not significant--especially because of the high standard deviation of group B.

Absorption↗
PubMed1975

[Effect of pentoxyfylline on the organ distribution of 47Ca and on intestinal Ca absorption and secretion in the rat (author's transl)].

The influence of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(5-oxo-hexyl)-xanthine (pentoxyfylline, Trental) on organ distribution of 47Ca and on intestinal Ca absorption and secretion was studied in rats. Oral application of 4 mg/kg bodyweight pentoxifylline was followed after 30 min by a significantly higher accumulation of orally applied 47Ca in the intestinal wall as compared to untreated controls, while in other organs the 47Ca activity was lower than in control animals. When 47Ca was given i.p. and pentoxifylline at the same dose was applied orally 24 h later, there was no difference in organ distribution of 47Ca between treated rats and untreated controls after 30 min. There was likewise no difference in serum Ca concentration. On the other hand, i.v. infusion of 20.8 mg/kg bodyweight pentoxifylline was followed by a significant fall of serum Ca. At the same time, there was a significant reduction of intestinal Ca net absorption, as demonstrated by the intestinal perfusion technique, while Ca net secretion was not influenced. The possible mechanisms causing the pentoxifylline induced reduction of serum Ca concentration are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Comparison of conventional methods for the determination of albumin, transferrin and ceruloplasmin in serum with immunological reference methods (author's transl)].

Radial immunodiffusion, which is a presently accepted reference method, was compared with the mechanized immunoprecipitation. Each of these specific methods was compared with two normal clinical-chemical methods for the determination of albumin and transferrin, and an enzymic method for the determination of ceruloplasmin. The correlation coefficients, the mean slope for regression, and the percentage variation of the average values from those of the average values of the reference methods are presented. In the determination of albumin and ceruloplasmin, radial immunodiffusion and mechanized immunoprecipitation give the same results. Surprisingly, these two specific methods give different results in the determination of transferrin. In as far as there is no doubt concerning the accuracy of the mechanized immunoprecipitation, this method is recommended, since it also has the advantage of being less demanding in cost and time.

Autoanalysis↗