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Biomedical subjects

D King

Publications and source records attributed to D King.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

A cluster of repetitive elements within a 700 base pair region in the mouse genome.

Approximately 39% of the clones from a BALB/c mouse genomic library hybridized with polyadenylated cytoplasmic RNA extracted from anemic mouse spleen. The DNA sequence of a portion of one such clone revealed the presence of three repetitive sequence elements within a 700 bp span. All three elements contain putative RNA polymerase III control regions oriented in the same direction and oligo(dA) tracts at their 3' ends. The first element is a member of the murine B1 family. A comparison of this element with other B1 family members indicates that the B1 family can be divided into two subclasses based on commonly held base changes and deletions. The second element within this 700 bp region may be a member of a new murine Alu family. Its structure is analogous to other murine Alu-equivalent sequences with respect to overall length, the presence of a 3' oligo(dA) tract and putative RNA polymerase III control regions. The third element is a murine type 2 Alu-equivalent sequence.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Primary herpes simplex pneumonia in a neonate.

A 6-day-old male infant was treated for rapidly progressive pneumonia. The infection was not responsive to antibiotic and symptomatic treatment, and the infant died within 48 hours of admission. Herpes simplex type II grew from premortem respiratory and postmortem lung cultures, and immunoperoxidase staining confirmed the presence of this organism in lung tissue. Pathologic findings were limited to the lungs. A maternal origin for the virus was suspected but could not be proved. We believe this patient represents the first reported case of isolated herpes simplex type II pneumonia in a neonate.

Herpes Simplex↗
PubMed1983

Dexamethasone suppression tests in antidepressant treatment of melancholia. The process of normalization and test-retest reproducibility.

Pilot studies suggest that changes in response to the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) in melancholic patients receiving antidepressants might represent a laboratory marker of clinical progress. We performed weekly DSTs in 31 hospitalized patients with major depressive disorder, primary and endogenous subtypes, during drug-free and subsequent treatment periods. Most nonsuppressors had progressive normalization of DST responses in conjunction with clinical improvement, DST normalization usually preceded or coincided with good clinical response, and failure to normalize was often associated with poorer clinical outcome. Occasional patients with baseline dexamethasone suppression become nonsuppressive after withdrawal from medication, but the DST has no apparent value as a serial marker in patients with well-documented normal DST findings. Our results extend the construct validity of the DST as a state-related marker in nonsuppressors and suggest future clinical applications.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis in ethanolamine-responsive and -nonresponsive cells in culture.

Mammalian cells can be classified into two types based upon whether or not they show growth response to ethanolamine (Etn) in culture. The content of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in phospholipid and incorporation of radioactive Etn into the cells were examined in the Etn-responsive and -nonresponsive cells in order to elucidate the mechanisms of growth stimulation by Etn. In all Etn-responsive cells tested, 5 microM Etn significantly altered the composition of cellular phospholipid compared to that grown without Etn, while Etn-nonresponsive cells had a similar phospholipid composition whether the growth medium contained Etn or not. Using two rat mammary carcinoma cell lines, 64-24 (responsive type) and 22-1 (nonresponsive type), further studies were carried out. In 64-24 cells there was a proportional increase in PE content as the dosage of Etn in the medium was increased. The increase in PE content leveled off at 10 microM. Further, the increase in PE content was correlated with increased rate of growth. In contrast, PE content or growth rate did not change at all in 22-1 cells. In 64-24 cells radioactive Etn (0.1-50 microM) was incorporated four- to five-fold more efficiently into phospholipid, and the aqueous pool of precursors of PE was ten times less as compared to 22-1 cells, indicating that Etn-responsive cells utilize Etn supplied in the medium to synthesize PE far more efficiently than Etn-nonresponsive cells. De novo synthesis of PE must not be sufficient to support optimum growth in Etn-responsive cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Bipolar outcome in the course of depressive illness. Phenomenologic, familial, and pharmacologic predictors.

Twenty percent of a cohort of 206 outpatient depressives with no past bipolar history switched during prospective observation. These 41 probands developed manic periods on the average of 6.4 years (median 4, range 1-25) after their first depressive episode. The change in polarity occurred throughout the life span, but was most common in adolescence and early adulthood. The following variables were found useful in predicting this outcome: onset less than or equal to 25 years, bipolar family history, loaded pedigrees, precipitation by childbirth, hypersomnic-retarded phenomenology, and pharmacologically-mobilized hypomania. Although the respective sensitivities of these findings were relatively low (32-71%), their specificities ranged from 69% to 100% for bipolar outcome; the diagnostic specificity of any 3 of these variables when combined was 98%. When compared with nonbipolar depression, bipolar disorder was seldom chronologically secondary to nonaffective psychiatric disorders. These findings suggest that many young depressives with lethargy and oversleeping are not manifesting a "neurotic" disorder, but rather a precursor of primary bipolar affective disorder. Finally, a psychotically depressed adolescent or young adult with positive bipolar family history should be observed for eventual bipolar outcome, especially when the clinical presentation is that of stupor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Response to dexamethasone suppression and total night sleep deprivation in an affectively disordered Klinefelter patient.

A 50-year-old Klinefelter patient acutely developed a psychotic depression which rapidly responded to treatment with amitriptyline. This patient exhibited an early escape from dexamethasone suppression and became hypomanic the morning after total night sleep deprivation. The findings suggest that the use of biological tests to study affective syndromes occurring in Klinefelter patients might yield clues regarding the existence of pathophysiological common denominators of primary and Klinefelter-associated affective disorders.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗
PubMed1982

The dexamethasone suppression test as a predictor of sleep deprivation antidepressant effect.

An abnormal dexamethasone suppression test (DST) result, a sensitive and specific marker for endogenous depression, was found to be associated with an antidepressant response to sleep deprivation in patients who met DSM-III criteria for Major Depressive Episode regardless of whether they met criteria for melancholia or psychotic subtypes of this disorder. These findings support previous reports of an association between an abnormal DST result and antidepressant effects of sleep deprivation in depressed patients. Our results extend the positive association between an abnormal DST result and the antidepressant response to sleep deprivation to include depressed patients who are clinically nonmelancholic during their current episode but who have an abnormal DST result.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The utility of the REM latency test in psychiatric diagnosis: a study of 81 depressed outpatients.

To examine the utility of the REM (rapid eye movement) latency test in identifying outpatient primary depressions, 81 consecutive referrals to a sleep disorders center were evaluated in a phenomenologic, sleep polygraphic, and psychometric study. Modified Feighner (St. Louis) diagnoses were definite primary depression (n = 19), probable primary depression (n = 30), depression chronologically secondary to preexisting psychiatric disorders (n = 19), and nonaffective psychiatric disorder (n = 13). There were 18 nonpsychiatric controls. REM latency less than 70 minutes on 2 consecutive nights detected 62% of primary depressions, discriminating them from the other diagnostic groups with 88% specificity. There were no false positives among controls. These data provided a 90% confidence for the diagnosis of primary depression in this outpatient sample. Requiring 2 consecutive nights of shortened REM latency appears to improve significantly the specificity of a test previously considered to have high sensitivity but relatively low specificity for depressive disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

H(2) and CO(2) Evolution by Anaerobically Adapted Chlamydomonas reinhardtii F-60.

Using manometric and enzymic techniques, H(2) and CO(2) evolution in darkness and light has been studied in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii F-60. F-60 is a mutant strain characterized by an incomplete photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle but an intact electron transport chain.In the dark, starch was broken down, and H(2) and CO(2) was released. The uncoupler, carbonyl cyanide m-fluorophenylhydrazone with an optimum concentration of 5 to 10 micromolar, increased the rate of CO(2) release and starch breakdown but depressed H(2) formation. It was suggested that carbonyl cyanide m-fluorophenylhydrazone increased the rate of starch breakdown by making the chloroplast membrane permeable to H(+), removing a rate-limiting step, and leading to an altered fermentative pattern.Photoevolution of H(2) and CO(2), but not starch breakdown, was stimulated by acetate. Maximum stimulation occurred at concentrations from 1 to 10 millimolar. Carbonyl cyanide m-fluorophenylhydrazone stimulated starch breakdown and CO(2) and H(2) release in the light, but not to the extent of acetate. Inasmuch as the uptake and subsequent metabolism of acetate required ATP, it was suggested that acetate, like carbonyl cyanide m-fluorophenylhydrazone, stimulated H(2) photoproduction by removing ATP which limited the sequence of reactions. The contribution of photosystem II to the photoproduction of H(2), as judged from the effect of 10 micromolar 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1, 1-dimethylurea, was at least 80%.CO(2) photoevolution increased linearly with time, but H(2) photoevolution occurred in two phases: a rapid initial phase followed by a second slower phase. The rate of H(2) release increased hyperbolically with light intensity, but the rate of CO(2) production tended to level off and decrease with increasing light intensity, up to 145 watts per square meter. It was proposed that a changing CO(2) and H(2) ratio is the result of interaction between the carbon and hydrogen metabolism and the photosynthetic electron transport chain.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1982

Stimulus and response contingencies in the misbehavior of rats.

Misbehavior by rats, in the form of unnecessary and species-typical pawing, nosing, carrying, chewing, and retrieving a rolling ball bearing, was produced by pairing the ball bearing with food (Pavlovian procedure, Experiments 1 and 2) or by requiring contact with the ball bearing for food (operant procedure, Experiments 4 and 5). Misbehavior occurred both before and after eating the food pellet. The frequency, complexity, and duration of pre-pellet misbehavior was increased by delay of food until after the ball bearing exited (or was programmed to exit) and by requiring contact with the bearing to obtain food. Alternative goal-directed behavior, in the form of nosing, gnawing, and licking the food tray, occurred in Pavlovian contingencies in which food was delivered before the bearing was programmed to exit. Post-pellet misbehavior tended to occur when food was delivered before the bearing was programmed to exit and, in the case of required contact, before the animal released the bearing. Omission of food delivery on contact reduced the duration, complexity, and frequency of misbehavior, though experienced animals continued to contact (Experiment 3). In general, misbehavior was affected by both stimulus- and response-reward contingencies but showed characteristic organization and topography under both types of contingency.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Chronic depressions. Part 1. Clinical and familial characteristics in 137 probands.

Factors associated with chronicity in 137 probands with 2 or more years of low-grade intermittent depression were evaluated in a naturalistic setting. Four groups were tentatively identified and chronicity related to: (1) early onset (less than 25 years) intermittent subsyndromal or dysthymic depressions with positive family history for both unipolar and bipolar illness; (2) a spectrum of 'unstable' characterologic disorders with history for childhood object loss; (3) pre-existing non-affective psychiatric or incapacitating medical disorders, especially in combination; (4) incomplete remission from late-onset primary unipolar episode(s) with strong familial background for affective illness, multiple object losses, alcohol and sedative hypnotic dependence, superimposed incapacitating medical disorders, use of depressant antihypertensive agents, disabled spouses, and 'marital deadlock'. Beneficial effects of thymoleptic drugs and practical psychotherapy occurred in 45% of the total sample and were largely limited to groups 1 and 4. These findings argue against a common clinical stereotype that equates all chronic depressions with character disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

REM density in the differential diagnosis of psychiatric from medical-neurologic disorders: a replication.

The discriminatory power of rapid eye movement (REM) density in 61 outpatients with medical, neurologic, and psychiatric disorders and 8 noncase controls was assessed. REM density was significantly lower in a group of patients with medical-neurologic disease as compared with psychiatric and control subjects without evidence for such disease. Furthermore, low scores discriminated depressions occurring in the context of somatic disease when compared with those in the absence of such disease. The differences between groups were not accounted for by age or sex. The cutoff REM density score of 12.56, based on the 99% lower confidence limit of the noncase controls, provided the highest sensitivity (0.82) without loss of specificity (0.80). It was concluded that REM density may have merit as a general measure of diffuse central nervous system pathology, whether primary or secondary to widespread systemic disease. The findings of Kupfer's group are upheld and extended to a broader medical and neuropsychiatric population than in the original Pittsburgh study.

Adult↗