Two derivatives of the mesoionic thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-5,7-diones 1 were prepared and examined for in vivo antiprotozoan activity to study structure-activity relationships that might lead us to more active derivatives. Mesoionic compounds 1A and 1B were inoculated into Swiss Webster male mice with Trypanosoma musculi infection. The effects were measured by studying parasite populations during the course of patent period (days 9 through 15 post-infection). The injection of 200 micrograms of compound 1A along with 5 x 10(4) trypanosomes affected the level of parasitemia at both the peak and during days 9 to 13 post infection. Experimental animals that received drug 1A prior to and after infection with T. musculi developed significantly lower parasitemia as compared to the control animals at the height of parasite populations (day 11 of observation). The group that received the drug simultaneously with trypanosome infection had significantly lower parasitemias on day 11 and 13 of infection compared to the controls. The injection of 200 micrograms of mesoionic compound 1B along with 5 x 10(4) trypanosomes resulted in lower parasitemic levels in the prior treated and post inoculated groups on days 9 and 13 post-infection. Swiss Webster male mice treated with the test drug, compound 1B, simultaneously with an inoculation of parasites developed significant resistance against infection on days 9 and 11 post-infection. This trend was reversed for the rest of the observation period.

Animals↗

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Isolated pupillary paralysis in a case of herpes zoster.

The clinical findings in a 16-year-old boy with unilateral isolated pupillary paralysis in a case of herpes zoster ophthalmicus is described because of the extreme rarity of the condition. The condition appeared to be due to a partial third nerve lesion affecting only the fibers subserving the light and near reflexes.

Adolescent↗

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Paradoxical movements of the eyelid and eyeball.

Two cases of ptosis with paradoxical eye and lid movements have been reported. One of them was congenital, where there was narrowing of palpebral aperture on abduction and pseudo-Graefe phenomenon on looking down. The other case was acquired following head injury. Here there was narrowing of palpebral aperture on abduction and widening of palpebral aperture on adduction. Besides there was absence of elevation of the globe in looking up. The pseudo-Graefe phenomenon of lid retraction was present only on looking down and in and not on looking down and out. Probable causes of such associated movements have been mentioned.

Adolescent↗

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Cysticercus cellulosae presenting as an epibulbar tumor in an infant.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Child, Preschool↗

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Acute lacrimal abscess in infancy: a report of 22 cases.

Twenty-two cases of acute lacrimal abscess in infancy seen between 1959 and 1976 have been presented. Twelve of them had more han one attack at the time of reporting to this hospital. Initial treatment of the condition was medical, utilizing local and systemic antibiotics. If this did not produce a prompt response, incision and drainage of the abscess was done. The cases showed a preponderance of infections by mixed organisms. In three cases, blocked lacrimal passages opened up spontaneously while on medical treatment. In the remaining 19 cases, probing in an attempt to remove the obstruction in the nasolacrimal duct was performed as soon as the acute inflammation was controlled. Reprobing was needed in nine cases. Only two cases eventually required surgery to achieve a cure. The study indicates that early probing is successful in a high percentage of cases of acute lacrimal abscess including those coming with recurrent attacks.

Abscess↗

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Anisometropic amblyopia.

One hundred seventy-two consecutive cases of pure anisometropic amblyopia have been studied. Of them 167 were anisohypermetropic and five of them were anisomyopic. The majority of the cases (65.1%) were teenagers. A difference of 1 to 2 diopters between the two eyes formed the single largest group comprising 28.5% cases. Amblyopia was dense and the fixation was foveal in majority of the cases. Statistical analysis of the data revealed that the age at presentation has no relationship to the degree of anisometropia. The higher the age at presentation the greater is the depth of amblyopia. A higher degree of anisometropia is associated with a more severe degree of amblyopia. Persons with a lesser degree of anisometropia are more likely to have fixation at or near the fovea than persons with higher degree of anisometropia. There is a significant association between the age at presentation and the eccentricity of fixation. The farther the fixation is from the fovea the greater is the loss of vision.

Adolescent↗

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Tuberculosis of the orbit and lacrimal gland: a clinical study of 14 cases.

Fourteen patients with tuberculosis of the orbit and lacrimal gland seen over a period of 20 years have been presented. The majority of them were between the ages of 4 to 15 years. Males were affected twice as frequently as females. Left side was affected four times as frequently as the right side. There were eight patients of periostitis of orbital margin, one patient of dacryoadenitis, three patients of tuberculoma of orbital tissues, and two patients of tuberculoma of maxillary sinus. One patient with periostitis had involvement of the greater and lesser wings of sphenoid in addition to the involvement of upper-outer orbital margin. Two periostitis patients had prolapse of the palpebral portion of the lacrimal gland. The clinical presentation and gross appearance of the tuberculoma of the lacrimal gland was similar to those found in benign mixed tumor. The patients with tuberculoma of orbital tissues presented as pseudotumors. The mimicry of tuberculoma of maxillary sinus to carcinoma has been mentioned. Associated tuberculous lesions were pulmonary in eight patients, cervical lymphadenitis in ten patients, intestinal in one patient, and caries spine in one patient. In two patients the disease developed in the absence of any other tuberculous lesion discovered in the body. The cases were cured by wide surgical removal of all the diseased tissues combined with antituberculous chemotherapy.

Adolescent↗

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Fibroma of the lacrimal sac.

A case of fibroma arising from the anterolateral wall of a healthy lacrimal sac on the left side in a 22-year-old male is reported. There was no epiphora. The tumor presented as a painless, nonreducible swelling in the lacrimal sac region. It was excised off leaving a patent sac. The diagnosis could be established only on histopathologic examination. Postoperative recovery was uneventful and there was no postoperative epiphora.

Adult↗

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Acute suppurative dacryoadenitis caused by a cysticercus cellulosa.

A case of acute suppurative dacryoadenitis caused by a cysticercus cellulosa in a male of 20 years is reported. The diagnosis was established by histopathologic examination of the cyst that escaped along with pus during drainage of the abscess. The abscess in the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland resulted from acute inflammation produced by the presence of an intact larva. There was no other focus of cysticercosis in the same eye, in the other eye, or anywhere else in the body. Postoperative recovery was uneventful and there were no sequelae. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of acute dacryoadenitis caused by a cysticercus cellulosa. As cysticercosis is still prevalent in the underdeveloped countries, it is to be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of ocular and adnexal lesions in patients coming from these areas of the world.

Abscess↗

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Granuloma pyogenicum of the palpebral conjunctiva.

Four cases of granuloma pyogenicum involving the palpebral conjunctiva are reported. Two of them reported with bloody tears; the lesion was pedunculated and arose close to the upper fornix in one patient and from the subtarsal sulcus of lower lid in the other. The remaining two patients presented with large, flat, wing-like masses arising from the upper tarsal conjunctiva. In all four cases the lesion was painless and each developed without antecedent inflammatory or traumatic episode. They were treated with complete surgical excision and thorough fulguration of the base by diathermy. There was no recurrence in any of them after three to six years follow-up.

Adolescent↗