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Biomedical subjects

D Jones

Publications and source records attributed to D Jones.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Pharmacology of the human iris: development and use of challenge strategies in the study of antidepression response.

Basic physiological and neurochemical control mechanisms of human iris musculature are reviewed. The advantages and limitations of using pupillary responses to cholinergic and adrenergic drug challenges as peripheral indices of neuronal receptor sensitivity, are examined. A group of 15 depressed patients were tested with ocular instillation of pilocarpine and phenylephrine before and during treatment with Tranylcypromine. No change of pilocarpine sensitivity was found. A significant enhancement of phenylephrine sensitivity during weeks 3-5, but not during the first or second week of treatment was noted. The above potentiation of alpha-adrenergic responsiveness was correlated with clinical recovery.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed1983

Taxonomic studies on some group D streptococci.

Biochemical, menaquinone, fatty acid and DNA analyses were conducted on a number of streptococci of serological group D. The results indicate that S. faecalis, S. faeclum, S. casseliflavus and taxa previously designated 'S. avium', 'S. durans' and "S. faecalis var. malodoratus' are distinct species. Strains previously labelled 'S. faecium var. mobilis' were shown to be identical with S. casseliflavus. The results also indicate that some group D streptococci recently isolated from chickens constitute a new species.

Base Composition↗
PubMed1983

Gain of ornithine decarboxylase activity by a strain of Shigella flexneri serotype 6 on the introduction of an R plasmid.

The introduction of R plasmid S-a into a strain of Shigella flexneri serotype 6 resulted in the strain gaining the ability to decarboxylate ornithine. The possible reasons for the phenomenon are discussed and the result is compared with that obtained previously when the introduction of R plasmids into a different strain of the same species resulted in enhanced gas production from a range of carbohydrates.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

Total intravenous anaesthesia with etomidate-fentanyl. Use in general and gynaecological surgery.

A total intravenous anaesthetic technique using etomidate, fentanyl and neuromuscular blocking drugs with artificial ventilation of the lungs has been used in 90 patients undergoing elective general and gynaecological surgery. A two-step schedule was used, based on a pharmacokinetic model for rapidly eliminated, intravenously administered drugs. Etomidate 100 micrograms/kg/minute with fentanyl 1 microgram/kg/minute were given for 10 minutes, followed by a maintenance dose at a rate of one-tenth this amount. Concurrent evaluation of the technique led to variations in the adjuvant drugs used (atropine, droperidol and neuromuscular blocking agent). The basic dose schedule provided adequate surgical anaesthesia for 76% of patients (although dose adjustments were used in the remainder), with recovery times of 10 minutes or less in 57% of patients. No further opiate analgesia was needed in 40% of patients postoperatively. Those patients given atropine intravenously prior to induction had a significantly lower incidence of nausea and vomiting postoperatively.

Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗
PubMed1983

Studies of dynamic ligamentous instability of the knee by electrogoniometric means.

Ligamentous injuries to a knee joint increase the risk of post-traumatic degenerative changes. Successful early diagnosis and treatment of such injuries remains a challenging and controversial task. There are a variety of clinical tests available and some of these are difficult to perform and interpret. These clinical tests are really static in nature and may not reveal the presence of what is essentially a dynamic event. A complete assessment would need to be "dynamic" and by its application during ambulation, incorporate the effects of ground-foot forces, joint motions and muscle activities. At the Ontario Crippled Children's Centre (OCCC) a triaxial electrogoniometer system (extensively modified CARS-UBC) has been used, together with complementary gait laboratory instrumentation, in order to study the knees of 16 male subjects. Ten subjects had knees without evidence of injury and six had a variety of cruciate and menisceal tears. The purpose of the study was to investigate if a subject's knee could be classified as "normal" or "unstable" by using just the data provided by the electrogoniometer during walking trials. These data are difficult to interpret in their time series form because they are multidimensional and in all subjects likely to exhibit subtle stride to stride variations. The method described allows the mapping of this data into an abstract two dimensional co-ordinate system, resulting in a set of trajectories which cluster together for data belonging to the "normal" group. Only two subjects, with grossly unstable knees, were judged different from normal using a level walking test protocol. Some potential reasons for this are discussed.

Electrophysiology↗
PubMed1983

Complications of acquired diverticula of the ileum.

Acquired diverticula of the small bowel are extremely rare. These diverticula occur in less than one per cent of the population. Acquired diverticula of the ileum make up approximately ten per cent to 20 per cent of this number. Associated complications are noted in less than ten per cent of patients, but mortality rates related to these complications have been reported to range from 25 per cent to 50 per cent. Major reported complications include perforation, hemorrhage, and obstruction secondary to inflammation. Our experience with three cases of complicated ileal diverticula is presented. All patients presented with physical findings consistent with an acute abdomen, but the correct diagnosis was not made in any of these patients preoperatively. Two patients were found to have perforation of an ileal diverticulum: one with localized abscess formation and the other with diffuse peritonitis. The third patient had ileal diverticulitis without perforation. Two of the patients had resection and primary anastomosis. The third patient had resection and an ileostomy and mucous fistula created. Postoperatively, one patient died of a massive cerebrovascular accident. A thorough discussion of the literature concerning these rare acquired ileal diverticula is presented. Clinical manifestations, complications, and associated surgical therapy are discussed. Usually, resection of the involved segment with primary anastomosis can be performed.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Surgical treatment of Wolff--Parkinson--White syndrome.

The Wolff--Parkinson--White syndrome may be associated with life-threatening or disabling tachyarrhythmia, owing to the presence of an atrioventricular accessory pathway (Kent bundle). The first division of a Kent bundle was reported in 1969, but this surgery is still confined to a few centres. Between September 1981 and October 1982, 19 patients (13 men, 6 women) aged 16 to 46 years (mean 25 years) with the Wolff--Parkinson--White syndrome associated with refractory arrhythmia underwent surgery. Kent bundles were localized in the electrophysiology laboratory and by intraoperative cardiac mapping. The 19 patients had a total of 22 distinct Kent bundles. The bundles were divided using open-heart (13 patients) or closed-heart (6 patients) technique. All Kent bundles were confirmed as nonfunctioning before discharge. A delta wave recurred in two patients. The Kent bundle was not functional in one patient. The other is controlled by a drug that was previously ineffective. There were no complications or deaths. Kent bundles can be divided with minimal morbidity and a high success rate (more than 90%). Surgery is indicated in patients with refractory arrhythmias or in young patients who would be required to take medication for life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Preliminary results of Rorschach protocols of pre and post operative transsexuals.

Presented are initial descriptive results of two administrations of the Rorschach over a 5-year period to a group of 20 transsexuals. Of the 20, 10 were female to male and 10 were male to female. Five of the female to male transsexuals had during the 5-year period gone on for surgery, as had 5 of the female to males. Discussion focuses on the differences and similarities between pre- and post-operative groups as well as contrasting both groups with norms of the general population. Results suggest that there are no obvious differences between the transsexual group and norms for the general population.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Intraoperative microscopy of bile--is it useful?

Direct microscopy of the bile was performed during cholecystectomy in 111 patients in an attempt to identify those with a high risk of wound infection. Bacteria were identified in 23 patients, 11 of 83 undergoing cholecystectomy alone and 12 of 28 undergoing exploration of the common bile duct (P less than 0.01). These 23 patients were randomly allocated to an antibiotic group or a control group; there was one wound infection in the antibiotic group and two in the control group. A total of 14 patients developed wound sepsis. Infection was more likely if the common bile duct was explored (6 of 28) rather than cholecystectomy alone (8 of 83). There was a poor correlation between microscopy and culture of the bile for bacteria and there was no increase in sepsis when bacteria were observed on microscopy. We were not able to identify a high risk group of patients by intraoperative microscopy of bile.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Quantitative analysis of plasma nicotine using selected ion monitoring at high resolution.

A highly sensitive and specific method for the quantitative determination of nicotine in plasma is described. Using simple one-step work-up technique and (5',5'-2H2) nicotine as internal standard, the analytical procedure is based on combined capillary column gas chromatography and high resolution selected ion monitoring. Incorporation of a specially designed gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer interface allowing introduction of the eluent by a fused silica capillary via the direct inlet port into the ion source brings the detection level for nicotine in an alcoholic solution down to below 100 fg. The discriminatory nature of the method also makes it well suited for studying ambiguities of instrumental nicotine assay and some of these are discussed.

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry↗
PubMed1982

Chemical studies as a guide to the classification of Corynebacterium pyogenes and "Corynebacterium haemolyticum".

The peptidoglycan of Corynebacterium pyogenes and "Corynebacterium haemolyticum" contained lysine as the dibasic amino acid. In addition, glutamic acid and alanine were detected in the hydrolysates. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of whole-organism methanolysates of C. pyogenes and "C. haemolyticum" revealed the presence of single spots corresponding to simple non-hydroxylated fatty acid methyl esters. The major fatty acid structural types were straight-chain and monounsaturated acids. Menaquinones (vitamin K) were the sole respiratory quinones detected in C. pyogenes and "C. haemolyticum". The major menaquinone components in C. pyogenes were tetrahydrogenated with ten isoprene units. Tetrahydrogenated menaquinones with nine isoprene units, however, predominated in "C. haemolyticum". The results of the present study indicate that C. pyogenes should be excluded from the genus Corynebacterium: C. pyogenes can be accommodated in the genus Actinomyces but the taxonomic position of "C.haemolyticum " remains equivocal.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1982

Reclassification of Corynebacterium pyogenes (Glage) in the genus Actinomyces, as Actinomyces pyogenes comb.nov.

Corynebacterium pyogenes (Glage) differs to such an extent from the type species of Corynebacterium, Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Lehmann and Neumann), that it cannot be retained in this genus. Numerical phenetic and chemical data indicate a close relationship between Corynebacterium pyogenes and the species Actinomyces bovis (Harz). It is proposed that Corynebacterium pyogenes be reclassified in the genus Actinomyces, as Actinomyces pyogenes (Glage) comb.nov.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1982

Reclassification of 'Corynebacterium haemolyticum' (MacLean, Liebow & Rosenberg) in the genus Arcanobacterium gen.nov. as Arcanobacterium haemolyticum nom.rev., comb.nov.

'Corynebacterium haemolyticum' (MacLean, Liebow & Rosenberg) differs to such an extent from the type species of Corynebacterium, C. diphtheriae (Lehmann & Neumann), that it should be removed from this genus. Chemical and numerical phenetic data indicate that 'C. haemolyticum' is a distinct taxon worthy of generic status. A new genus, Arcanobacterium, is described for the species A. haemolyticum (MacLean, Liebow & Rosenberg) nov.rev., comb.nov. The genus is tentatively placed within the 'coryneform group of bacteria'. The type species of the genus is Arcanobacterium haemolyticum and the type strain is ATCC 9345.

Corynebacterium↗